Nepal Journal of Epidemiology最新文献_第4页

COVID-19 pandemic and suicides in Nepal: Way forward for prevention. 尼泊尔的COVID-19大流行和自杀:预防的未来之路。

IF 3.9

Nepal Journal of Epidemiology Pub Date : 2021-12-31 eCollection Date: 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.3126/nje.v11i4.41116

Indrajit Banerjee, Jared Robinson, Brijesh Sathian, Indraneel Banerjee

{"title":"COVID-19 pandemic and suicides in Nepal: Way forward for prevention.","authors":"Indrajit Banerjee, Jared Robinson, Brijesh Sathian, Indraneel Banerjee","doi":"10.3126/nje.v11i4.41116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/nje.v11i4.41116","url":null,"abstract":"The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has firmly rooted itself within our countries, communities, homes and now everyday lives. The impact of this global pandemic is immeasurable as it is catastrophic in nature and involves both a human and financial loss. Suicide and self-harm (SH) are both a serious public health and social issue. It is however preventable via the use of timely, evidence-based and many times low-cost interventions and therapies. The current situation depicted Nepal shows a true indicator of the mental health of the nation, as a precipitating factor (i.e., the extreme stress of COVID-19 and the lockdown) has exposed the submerged “ice-berg” phenomenon of disease. \u0000It is evident that COVID-19 and the lockdown had a massively negative effect on the mental health of the population in Nepal. The increased rates of suicide and self-harm also simultaneously exposed the great pre-existing fragility of the mental health of the nation. It is therefore vital that both Nepal and other countries alike take cognizance of the fact that extra support and preventative measures need to be introduced during this difficult period and that further national programs must be employed to best aid the mental health of their fellow countrymen.","PeriodicalId":43600,"journal":{"name":"Nepal Journal of Epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"1083-1085"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8730343/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39714922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Postoperative clinical nursing care pathway for patients with mucormycosis: An experience from a tertiary care hospital in Rajasthan, India. 毛霉菌病患者术后临床护理路径:印度拉贾斯坦邦一家三级医院的经验

IF 3.9

Nepal Journal of Epidemiology Pub Date : 2021-12-31 eCollection Date: 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.3126/nje.v11i4.40498

Nipin Kalal, Suresh K Sharma, Kapil Soni

{"title":"Postoperative clinical nursing care pathway for patients with mucormycosis: An experience from a tertiary care hospital in Rajasthan, India.","authors":"Nipin Kalal, Suresh K Sharma, Kapil Soni","doi":"10.3126/nje.v11i4.40498","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/nje.v11i4.40498","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The COVID-19 pandemic is a serious global health threat and it has numerous impacts on human life. India faced the problem of the second wave of COVID-19 and an unexpected new predicament in the form of mucormycosis has been added. The use of steroids drugs for long duration and comorbidity with COVID-19 infections are the risk factors of mucormycosis. It is important to understand the postoperative clinical pathway to assess and determine the policy and protocol, which help patients fasten their recovery, prevent further complications and readmission.Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive design was used to conduct the study. We adopted the validated Immediate Post-Operative Recovery Assessment (IPR-PA) Scale to assess the postoperative clinical nursing care pathway for patients with mucormycosis.Results: The current study shows that patients had highest score in the physiology clinical recovery domain (75.25%) and the lowest post-operative clinical recovery score in psycho-social domain (20.83%). There was a significant positive correlation was found between all the domains. The medication status domains found significantly associated with participants' age (P=.021) and physiological domains has shown significant association with received oxygen therapy during hospitalization (P=.046).Conclusion: Postoperative clinical nursing care pathway was effective to determine the progress of a patient. It helps us to know the parameter of different domains namely being physiological, physical, psycho-social and medication status. Patients required psycho-social support due to the epidemic and fear from disease.","PeriodicalId":43600,"journal":{"name":"Nepal Journal of Epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"1095-1102"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8730340/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39714924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

IF 3.9

Nepal Journal of Epidemiology Pub Date : 2021-12-31 eCollection Date: 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.3126/nje.v11i4.41137

Eslam Elsayed Ali Shohda

引用次数: 0

Omicron: The pandemic propagator and lockdown instigator - what can be learnt from South Africa and such discoveries in future. 欧米克隆:流行病传播者和封锁煽动者——可以从南非和未来的此类发现中学到什么?

IF 3.9

Nepal Journal of Epidemiology Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.3126/nje.v11i4.41569

Indrajit Banerjee, Jared Robinson, Indraneel Banerjee, Brijesh Sathian

{"title":"Omicron: The pandemic propagator and lockdown instigator - what can be learnt from South Africa and such discoveries in future.","authors":"Indrajit Banerjee, Jared Robinson, Indraneel Banerjee, Brijesh Sathian","doi":"10.3126/nje.v11i4.41569","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/nje.v11i4.41569","url":null,"abstract":"The SARS-CoV-2 virus which causes the disease termed COVID-19 ripped through the globe in the latter part of 2019 and has left a state of fear, death and destruction in its wake. The Omicron variant was officially announced by the South African authorities on the 24th of November 2021, with the first confirmed sample of the infection being collected on the 9th of November 2021. The initial cases were flagged as a possible new variant due to the stark differences in the presentation and clinical features of the patients. At the time of Omicron's discovery, the predominant variant circulating within South Africa was the Delta variant B.1.617.2 which typically presented with more severe and distinct symptoms. Omicron spread rapidly within the Southern Africa and abroad, principally South Africa, Botswana, Hongkong and Israel were among the first countries to record cases of the new variant. The first European case of the Omicron variant was confirmed on the 26th of November 2021 in Belgium. Towards the end of November 2021 cases of the new variant had been confirmed and recorded in France, the United Kingdom, Germany, Portugal and Scotland. Additional cases of the Omicron variant have been confirmed in Canada, Australia, India and United States. At this current point in the development of the Omicron upsurge in cases the international community should aim for further vaccinations among their fellow countrymen, but more so vaccine equality should be ensured. Such equality should be ensured in the developing nations as the virus does not respect any boundaries or territories and thus a higher level of vaccination worldwide will confer greater protection to the global community as a whole.","PeriodicalId":43600,"journal":{"name":"Nepal Journal of Epidemiology","volume":"11 4","pages":"1126-1129"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8730344/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10264875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8

Polycystic ovary syndrome among Indian adolescent girls - A systematic review and metanalysis. 印度少女多囊卵巢综合征的系统回顾和荟萃分析。

IF 3.9

Nepal Journal of Epidemiology Pub Date : 2021-09-30 eCollection Date: 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.3126/nje.v11i3.38460

Megha Sharma, Meenakshi Khapre, Vartika Saxena, Pawna Kaushal

{"title":"Polycystic ovary syndrome among Indian adolescent girls - A systematic review and metanalysis.","authors":"Megha Sharma, Meenakshi Khapre, Vartika Saxena, Pawna Kaushal","doi":"10.3126/nje.v11i3.38460","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/nje.v11i3.38460","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder in the progenitive age group and the leading cause of infertility. The worldwide prevalence of PCOS in women varies between 2.2% to 26%. Due to limited literature on burden of PCOS among adolescent girls, its significance is still unfathomed as a research is few and far between in the present time. We conducted Systematic review and metanalysis to estimate the pooled prevalence of PCOS among Indian adolescent girls (14-19 years).Methods: With the help of a search strategy, two authors searched Scopus, Embase and Pubmed independently. We screened studies considering eligibility criteria and extracted data. Selected studies were assessed for quality and risk biases using the NIH tool. R software was used for analysis.Results: Twelve studies were included in the meta-analysis. The total number of participants in the study was 4473. All studies scored average and above as per the NIH quality assessment tool. The prevalence of PCOS among adolescents based on the Rotterdam criteria was 17.74 per 100 (CI = 11.77-23.71) with I2 =97 %. Hospital-based studies had a comparatively higher prevalence of PCOS as compared to community-based.Conclusion: Pooled prevalence of PCOS among Indian adolescents' girls was high, approximately one in five.","PeriodicalId":43600,"journal":{"name":"Nepal Journal of Epidemiology","volume":"11 3","pages":"1063-1075"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8560138/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39693183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Clinical and Molecular facets of Dengue Virus infection from Bengaluru, South India. 南印度班加罗尔登革热病毒感染的临床和分子方面。

IF 3.9

Nepal Journal of Epidemiology Pub Date : 2021-09-30 eCollection Date: 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.3126/nje.v11i3.37712

Shantala Gowdara Basawarajappa, Ambica Rangaiah, Shwetha Jinnahalli Venugopal, Chakrakodi N Varun, Vijay Nagaraj, Shashiraja Padukone, Sathyanarayan Muthur Shankar

{"title":"Clinical and Molecular facets of Dengue Virus infection from Bengaluru, South India.","authors":"Shantala Gowdara Basawarajappa, Ambica Rangaiah, Shwetha Jinnahalli Venugopal, Chakrakodi N Varun, Vijay Nagaraj, Shashiraja Padukone, Sathyanarayan Muthur Shankar","doi":"10.3126/nje.v11i3.37712","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/nje.v11i3.37712","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Dengue virus (DENV) continues to be an epidemic with high mortality rates. The clinical features, especially in the early phase of infection, are nonspecific and there is no single marker that can be reliably deployed for diagnostics. Further, serotype and genotype diversity is not clearly understood. This study was conceived to understand the performance characteristics of various diagnostic markers; serotype and genotype distribution is thus a vital requirement.Methods: A subset of blood samples was obtained for all the clinically suspected Dengue cases during the period January to December 2017. The samples were tested for IgM and IgG antibodies and NS1 antigen by both ELISA and rapid tests. Real-time PCR, Conventional PCR and sequencing was performed based on the serology results. Correlation of the data with demographic and clinical details was used to analyze the performance characteristics of various tests.Results: Clinical signs and symptoms could not predict dengue positivity due to lack of specific symptoms. The performance of IgM rapid test was found to be lower than the ELISA method (53.5% agreement). The NS1 rapid and NS1 ELISA tests were comparable (89.2% agreement). Majority of the infections were caused due to DEN-2 serotype and phylogenetic analysis revealed all the sequenced DEN-2 serotypes belong to Genotype IV. Three sequences were deposited into NCBI GenBank (GenBank accession number MW583116, MW579054 and MW579053).Conclusion: Our comprehensive data suggests that NS1 ELISA and PCR are best used in the early phase of dengue infection (< 5 days post-onset of fever), whereas IgM antibody detection is reliable only in the late phase. We also highlight the unreliable performance of rapid tests.","PeriodicalId":43600,"journal":{"name":"Nepal Journal of Epidemiology","volume":"11 3","pages":"1053-1062"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8560139/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39693182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

COVID-19 airborne transmission: a new frontier of infection. COVID-19空气传播:感染的新前沿。

IF 3.9

Nepal Journal of Epidemiology Pub Date : 2021-09-30 eCollection Date: 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.3126/nje.v11i3.40000

Indrajit Banerjee, Jared Robinson

引用次数: 0

Corticosteroid induced avascular necrosis and COVID-19: The drug dilemma. 皮质类固醇诱导的缺血性坏死和COVID-19:药物困境。

IF 3.9

Nepal Journal of Epidemiology Pub Date : 2021-09-30 eCollection Date: 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.3126/nje.v11i3.39309

Indrajit Banerjee, Jared Robinson, Brijesh Sathian

{"title":"Corticosteroid induced avascular necrosis and COVID-19: The drug dilemma.","authors":"Indrajit Banerjee, Jared Robinson, Brijesh Sathian","doi":"10.3126/nje.v11i3.39309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/nje.v11i3.39309","url":null,"abstract":"The severe and life-threatening nature of the COVID-19 infection, the ARDS (acute respiratory distress syndrome) as well as the cytokine storm induced by the infection, commands lifesaving high doses of steroid therapy. As in all pharmacological therapies adverse effects are present. One such adverse effect which is being reported is corticosteroid induced avascular necrosis of the femoral head/ osteonecrosis of the femoral head. \u0000It must be noted that AVN principally affects the femoral head and most commonly the anterolateral aspect thereof as it is the crux of weight bearing. Corticosteroids induce fat mobilization and this thus innately enhances the likelihood of fat emboli developing from the liver to occlude minor blood vessels in the femur, this thereby compromises the microvascular environment. Superadded to this the steroid therapy disrupts calcium metabolism and homeostasis which induces hypertrophy in the intramedullary fat cells, Gaucher cells and inflammatory cells; whilst increasing the activity of osteoclasts, thus increasing bone resorption and decreasing calcium uptake and deposition; ultimately leading to an insufficiency in the trabecular and cortical bone. This insufficiency thus equates to an increased intraosseous pressure which impedes intramedullary circulation and results in avascular necrosis. \u0000 It is evident that avascular necrosis is directly caused by high dose steroid therapy, however the case reports have very clearly indicated that the rapid onset of AVN post recovery from the COVID-19 infection cannot be solely attributed to steroid therapy and that another benefactor induced by the COVID-19 infection is at play. It is thus vital for treating physicians to take cognisance of this adverse effect post recovery and therefore should ensure that prophylactic bisphosphonate therapy is initiated timeously and congruently.","PeriodicalId":43600,"journal":{"name":"Nepal Journal of Epidemiology","volume":"11 3","pages":"1049-1052"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8560140/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39693181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Improving Last-mile Delivery of COVID-19 Vaccines: The Cluster Strategy. 改进COVID-19疫苗的最后一英里交付:集群战略。

IF 3.9

Nepal Journal of Epidemiology Pub Date : 2021-09-30 eCollection Date: 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.3126/nje.v11i3.39544

Anila Varghese, Surachna, Sidharth Sekhar Mishra

引用次数: 0

Discriminatory performance of mid-upper arm circumference for identifying thin and severely thin adolescents: a secondary data analysis using Comprehensive National Nutrition Survey. 中上臂围对识别瘦弱和严重瘦弱青少年的歧视性表现:使用全国综合营养调查的二次数据分析。

IF 3.9

Nepal Journal of Epidemiology Pub Date : 2021-06-30 eCollection Date: 2021-06-01 DOI: 10.3126/nje.v11i2.33926

Nitika

{"title":"Discriminatory performance of mid-upper arm circumference for identifying thin and severely thin adolescents: a secondary data analysis using Comprehensive National Nutrition Survey.","authors":"Nitika","doi":"10.3126/nje.v11i2.33926","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/nje.v11i2.33926","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Timely identification of adolescents with undernutrition is of utmost importance, and recently, mid-upper circumference (MUAC) had been considered as an alternative to body mass index (BMI) and BMI for age z-score (BAZ) for its screening. However, little is known about the MUAC cut-offs, specific to age and sex. The study was planned to assess the discriminatory performance of MUAC in identifying thin and severely thin adolescents and estimating age specific MUAC cut-offs, separately for males and females, against BAZ as the gold standard.Methods: The Comprehensive National Nutrition Survey (CNNS), India data was used for this analysis. The Receiver Operating Characteristic curve (ROC), area under curve (AUC), and Youden Index were used to estimate MUAC cut-off values for thin (BAZ < -2) and severely thin (BAZ < -3) adolescents. The current analysis was done on 31471 adolescents.Results: The MUAC cut-offs for identifying thin adolescents were: for 10-14 years - 19.2/19.4 cm, for 15-19 years - 22.9/21.7 cm for males and females respectively; and for severe thinness were: for 10-14 years - 18.4/18.3 cm, for 15-19 years - 21.9/20.2 cm for males/females. For thinness, the cut-off varied between 17.4-24.5 cm (for 10-19 years) among males, and for females, it varied between 17.5-20.9 cm (for 10-19 years). For severe thinness, MUAC cut-off ranged between 16.4-23.7 cm (for 10-19 years) among males, and for females, between 17.3-20.7 cm (for 10-19 years).Conclusion: MUAC, a easy to use measure demonstrated an equivalent diagnostic performance for the identification of thinness and severe thinness against BAZ. Thus, age- and sex-specific cut-offs could be considered for screening thin and severely thin adolescents.","PeriodicalId":43600,"journal":{"name":"Nepal Journal of Epidemiology","volume":"11 2","pages":"1023-1033"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8266405/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39207335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1