Nepal Journal of Epidemiology最新文献_第4页

Omicron: The pandemic propagator and lockdown instigator - what can be learnt from South Africa and such discoveries in future. 欧米克隆:流行病传播者和封锁煽动者——可以从南非和未来的此类发现中学到什么?

IF 3.9

Nepal Journal of Epidemiology Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.3126/nje.v11i4.41569

Indrajit Banerjee, Jared Robinson, Indraneel Banerjee, Brijesh Sathian

{"title":"Omicron: The pandemic propagator and lockdown instigator - what can be learnt from South Africa and such discoveries in future.","authors":"Indrajit Banerjee, Jared Robinson, Indraneel Banerjee, Brijesh Sathian","doi":"10.3126/nje.v11i4.41569","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/nje.v11i4.41569","url":null,"abstract":"The SARS-CoV-2 virus which causes the disease termed COVID-19 ripped through the globe in the latter part of 2019 and has left a state of fear, death and destruction in its wake. The Omicron variant was officially announced by the South African authorities on the 24th of November 2021, with the first confirmed sample of the infection being collected on the 9th of November 2021. The initial cases were flagged as a possible new variant due to the stark differences in the presentation and clinical features of the patients. At the time of Omicron's discovery, the predominant variant circulating within South Africa was the Delta variant B.1.617.2 which typically presented with more severe and distinct symptoms. Omicron spread rapidly within the Southern Africa and abroad, principally South Africa, Botswana, Hongkong and Israel were among the first countries to record cases of the new variant. The first European case of the Omicron variant was confirmed on the 26th of November 2021 in Belgium. Towards the end of November 2021 cases of the new variant had been confirmed and recorded in France, the United Kingdom, Germany, Portugal and Scotland. Additional cases of the Omicron variant have been confirmed in Canada, Australia, India and United States. At this current point in the development of the Omicron upsurge in cases the international community should aim for further vaccinations among their fellow countrymen, but more so vaccine equality should be ensured. Such equality should be ensured in the developing nations as the virus does not respect any boundaries or territories and thus a higher level of vaccination worldwide will confer greater protection to the global community as a whole.","PeriodicalId":43600,"journal":{"name":"Nepal Journal of Epidemiology","volume":"11 4","pages":"1126-1129"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8730344/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10264875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8

Polycystic ovary syndrome among Indian adolescent girls - A systematic review and metanalysis. 印度少女多囊卵巢综合征的系统回顾和荟萃分析。

IF 3.9

Nepal Journal of Epidemiology Pub Date : 2021-09-30 eCollection Date: 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.3126/nje.v11i3.38460

Megha Sharma, Meenakshi Khapre, Vartika Saxena, Pawna Kaushal

{"title":"Polycystic ovary syndrome among Indian adolescent girls - A systematic review and metanalysis.","authors":"Megha Sharma, Meenakshi Khapre, Vartika Saxena, Pawna Kaushal","doi":"10.3126/nje.v11i3.38460","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/nje.v11i3.38460","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder in the progenitive age group and the leading cause of infertility. The worldwide prevalence of PCOS in women varies between 2.2% to 26%. Due to limited literature on burden of PCOS among adolescent girls, its significance is still unfathomed as a research is few and far between in the present time. We conducted Systematic review and metanalysis to estimate the pooled prevalence of PCOS among Indian adolescent girls (14-19 years).Methods: With the help of a search strategy, two authors searched Scopus, Embase and Pubmed independently. We screened studies considering eligibility criteria and extracted data. Selected studies were assessed for quality and risk biases using the NIH tool. R software was used for analysis.Results: Twelve studies were included in the meta-analysis. The total number of participants in the study was 4473. All studies scored average and above as per the NIH quality assessment tool. The prevalence of PCOS among adolescents based on the Rotterdam criteria was 17.74 per 100 (CI = 11.77-23.71) with I2 =97 %. Hospital-based studies had a comparatively higher prevalence of PCOS as compared to community-based.Conclusion: Pooled prevalence of PCOS among Indian adolescents' girls was high, approximately one in five.","PeriodicalId":43600,"journal":{"name":"Nepal Journal of Epidemiology","volume":"11 3","pages":"1063-1075"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8560138/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39693183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Clinical and Molecular facets of Dengue Virus infection from Bengaluru, South India. 南印度班加罗尔登革热病毒感染的临床和分子方面。

IF 3.9

Nepal Journal of Epidemiology Pub Date : 2021-09-30 eCollection Date: 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.3126/nje.v11i3.37712

Shantala Gowdara Basawarajappa, Ambica Rangaiah, Shwetha Jinnahalli Venugopal, Chakrakodi N Varun, Vijay Nagaraj, Shashiraja Padukone, Sathyanarayan Muthur Shankar

{"title":"Clinical and Molecular facets of Dengue Virus infection from Bengaluru, South India.","authors":"Shantala Gowdara Basawarajappa, Ambica Rangaiah, Shwetha Jinnahalli Venugopal, Chakrakodi N Varun, Vijay Nagaraj, Shashiraja Padukone, Sathyanarayan Muthur Shankar","doi":"10.3126/nje.v11i3.37712","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/nje.v11i3.37712","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Dengue virus (DENV) continues to be an epidemic with high mortality rates. The clinical features, especially in the early phase of infection, are nonspecific and there is no single marker that can be reliably deployed for diagnostics. Further, serotype and genotype diversity is not clearly understood. This study was conceived to understand the performance characteristics of various diagnostic markers; serotype and genotype distribution is thus a vital requirement.Methods: A subset of blood samples was obtained for all the clinically suspected Dengue cases during the period January to December 2017. The samples were tested for IgM and IgG antibodies and NS1 antigen by both ELISA and rapid tests. Real-time PCR, Conventional PCR and sequencing was performed based on the serology results. Correlation of the data with demographic and clinical details was used to analyze the performance characteristics of various tests.Results: Clinical signs and symptoms could not predict dengue positivity due to lack of specific symptoms. The performance of IgM rapid test was found to be lower than the ELISA method (53.5% agreement). The NS1 rapid and NS1 ELISA tests were comparable (89.2% agreement). Majority of the infections were caused due to DEN-2 serotype and phylogenetic analysis revealed all the sequenced DEN-2 serotypes belong to Genotype IV. Three sequences were deposited into NCBI GenBank (GenBank accession number MW583116, MW579054 and MW579053).Conclusion: Our comprehensive data suggests that NS1 ELISA and PCR are best used in the early phase of dengue infection (< 5 days post-onset of fever), whereas IgM antibody detection is reliable only in the late phase. We also highlight the unreliable performance of rapid tests.","PeriodicalId":43600,"journal":{"name":"Nepal Journal of Epidemiology","volume":"11 3","pages":"1053-1062"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8560139/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39693182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

COVID-19 airborne transmission: a new frontier of infection. COVID-19空气传播:感染的新前沿。

IF 3.9

Nepal Journal of Epidemiology Pub Date : 2021-09-30 eCollection Date: 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.3126/nje.v11i3.40000

Indrajit Banerjee, Jared Robinson

引用次数: 0

Corticosteroid induced avascular necrosis and COVID-19: The drug dilemma. 皮质类固醇诱导的缺血性坏死和COVID-19:药物困境。

IF 3.9

Nepal Journal of Epidemiology Pub Date : 2021-09-30 eCollection Date: 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.3126/nje.v11i3.39309

Indrajit Banerjee, Jared Robinson, Brijesh Sathian

{"title":"Corticosteroid induced avascular necrosis and COVID-19: The drug dilemma.","authors":"Indrajit Banerjee, Jared Robinson, Brijesh Sathian","doi":"10.3126/nje.v11i3.39309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/nje.v11i3.39309","url":null,"abstract":"The severe and life-threatening nature of the COVID-19 infection, the ARDS (acute respiratory distress syndrome) as well as the cytokine storm induced by the infection, commands lifesaving high doses of steroid therapy. As in all pharmacological therapies adverse effects are present. One such adverse effect which is being reported is corticosteroid induced avascular necrosis of the femoral head/ osteonecrosis of the femoral head. \u0000It must be noted that AVN principally affects the femoral head and most commonly the anterolateral aspect thereof as it is the crux of weight bearing. Corticosteroids induce fat mobilization and this thus innately enhances the likelihood of fat emboli developing from the liver to occlude minor blood vessels in the femur, this thereby compromises the microvascular environment. Superadded to this the steroid therapy disrupts calcium metabolism and homeostasis which induces hypertrophy in the intramedullary fat cells, Gaucher cells and inflammatory cells; whilst increasing the activity of osteoclasts, thus increasing bone resorption and decreasing calcium uptake and deposition; ultimately leading to an insufficiency in the trabecular and cortical bone. This insufficiency thus equates to an increased intraosseous pressure which impedes intramedullary circulation and results in avascular necrosis. \u0000 It is evident that avascular necrosis is directly caused by high dose steroid therapy, however the case reports have very clearly indicated that the rapid onset of AVN post recovery from the COVID-19 infection cannot be solely attributed to steroid therapy and that another benefactor induced by the COVID-19 infection is at play. It is thus vital for treating physicians to take cognisance of this adverse effect post recovery and therefore should ensure that prophylactic bisphosphonate therapy is initiated timeously and congruently.","PeriodicalId":43600,"journal":{"name":"Nepal Journal of Epidemiology","volume":"11 3","pages":"1049-1052"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8560140/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39693181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Improving Last-mile Delivery of COVID-19 Vaccines: The Cluster Strategy. 改进COVID-19疫苗的最后一英里交付:集群战略。

IF 3.9

Nepal Journal of Epidemiology Pub Date : 2021-09-30 eCollection Date: 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.3126/nje.v11i3.39544

Anila Varghese, Surachna, Sidharth Sekhar Mishra

引用次数: 0

Discriminatory performance of mid-upper arm circumference for identifying thin and severely thin adolescents: a secondary data analysis using Comprehensive National Nutrition Survey. 中上臂围对识别瘦弱和严重瘦弱青少年的歧视性表现:使用全国综合营养调查的二次数据分析。

IF 3.9

Nepal Journal of Epidemiology Pub Date : 2021-06-30 eCollection Date: 2021-06-01 DOI: 10.3126/nje.v11i2.33926

Nitika

{"title":"Discriminatory performance of mid-upper arm circumference for identifying thin and severely thin adolescents: a secondary data analysis using Comprehensive National Nutrition Survey.","authors":"Nitika","doi":"10.3126/nje.v11i2.33926","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/nje.v11i2.33926","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Timely identification of adolescents with undernutrition is of utmost importance, and recently, mid-upper circumference (MUAC) had been considered as an alternative to body mass index (BMI) and BMI for age z-score (BAZ) for its screening. However, little is known about the MUAC cut-offs, specific to age and sex. The study was planned to assess the discriminatory performance of MUAC in identifying thin and severely thin adolescents and estimating age specific MUAC cut-offs, separately for males and females, against BAZ as the gold standard.Methods: The Comprehensive National Nutrition Survey (CNNS), India data was used for this analysis. The Receiver Operating Characteristic curve (ROC), area under curve (AUC), and Youden Index were used to estimate MUAC cut-off values for thin (BAZ < -2) and severely thin (BAZ < -3) adolescents. The current analysis was done on 31471 adolescents.Results: The MUAC cut-offs for identifying thin adolescents were: for 10-14 years - 19.2/19.4 cm, for 15-19 years - 22.9/21.7 cm for males and females respectively; and for severe thinness were: for 10-14 years - 18.4/18.3 cm, for 15-19 years - 21.9/20.2 cm for males/females. For thinness, the cut-off varied between 17.4-24.5 cm (for 10-19 years) among males, and for females, it varied between 17.5-20.9 cm (for 10-19 years). For severe thinness, MUAC cut-off ranged between 16.4-23.7 cm (for 10-19 years) among males, and for females, between 17.3-20.7 cm (for 10-19 years).Conclusion: MUAC, a easy to use measure demonstrated an equivalent diagnostic performance for the identification of thinness and severe thinness against BAZ. Thus, age- and sex-specific cut-offs could be considered for screening thin and severely thin adolescents.","PeriodicalId":43600,"journal":{"name":"Nepal Journal of Epidemiology","volume":"11 2","pages":"1023-1033"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8266405/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39207335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Is Robotics the real game changer for Urological cancer care during COVID-19 crisis? 机器人是2019冠状病毒病危机期间泌尿外科癌症护理的真正改变者吗?

IF 3.9

Nepal Journal of Epidemiology Pub Date : 2021-06-30 eCollection Date: 2021-06-01 DOI: 10.3126/nje.v11i2.38133

Indraneel Banerjee, Indrajit Banerjee, Shantimoy Banerjee

引用次数: 1

Effect of cooking food in iron-containing cookware on increase in blood hemoglobin level and iron content of the food: A systematic review. 用含铁炊具烹煮食物对食物中血红蛋白和铁含量升高的影响:一项系统综述。

IF 3.9

Nepal Journal of Epidemiology Pub Date : 2021-06-30 eCollection Date: 2021-06-01 DOI: 10.3126/nje.v11i2.36682

Shally Sharma, Ritika Khandelwal, Kapil Yadav, Gomathi Ramaswamy, Kashish Vohra

{"title":"Effect of cooking food in iron-containing cookware on increase in blood hemoglobin level and iron content of the food: A systematic review.","authors":"Shally Sharma, Ritika Khandelwal, Kapil Yadav, Gomathi Ramaswamy, Kashish Vohra","doi":"10.3126/nje.v11i2.36682","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/nje.v11i2.36682","url":null,"abstract":"In developing countries there is a need for simple and cost-effective strategies to reduce the prevalence of iron deficiency anemia. The objective of the current systematic review is to summarize how cooking food in iron pots or iron ingots can increase the blood hemoglobin level and iron content of the food. Literature search was conducted using databases namely PubMed, Google Scholar, Medline-Ovid, IndMed, Cochrane library, World Health Organization bulletin and by cross-referencing articles. Thirteen researches were found to be suitable for inclusion in this systematic review. Four studies reported significant increase in blood hemoglobin levels while others reported only a minor increase. Significant improvement in amount of iron in food and iron bioavailability was also observed when food was cooked using iron pot or ingots. This can be used as a strategy for reduction of iron deficiency anemia. However, more research is required to understand the efficacy of this approach.","PeriodicalId":43600,"journal":{"name":"Nepal Journal of Epidemiology","volume":"11 2","pages":"994-1005"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8266402/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39207333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Mucormycosis and COVID-19 an epidemic in a pandemic? 毛霉病和COVID-19是大流行中的流行病?

IF 3.9

Nepal Journal of Epidemiology Pub Date : 2021-06-30 eCollection Date: 2021-06-01 DOI: 10.3126/nje.v11i2.37342

Indrajit Banerjee, Jared Robinson, Mohammad Asim, Brijesh Sathian, Indraneel Banerjee

{"title":"Mucormycosis and COVID-19 an epidemic in a pandemic?","authors":"Indrajit Banerjee, Jared Robinson, Mohammad Asim, Brijesh Sathian, Indraneel Banerjee","doi":"10.3126/nje.v11i2.37342","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/nje.v11i2.37342","url":null,"abstract":"Mucormycosis and aspergillosis are rare, invasive and life-threatening infections primarily caused by Rhizopus arrhizus and Aspergillus fumigatus with higher case fatality rates (>50%), respectively. Invasive Aspergillosis and Mucormycosis have been established and recognized as complications of the SARS-CoV-2 infection. Such cases have been intimately linked and related to prior corticosteroid therapy. With the new highly infectious Delta strain (B.1.617.2 and B.1.617.2.1 or AY.1) of the coronavirus which is running rampant throughout India causing unprecedented death tolls, a new crisis is evolving. Invasive \"black fungus\" (Mucormycosis) is creating an epidemic within a global pandemic. The unique socio-economic, genetic and health status of Indian population culminates into a melting pot which sustains the viable triad for the \"black fungus\" infection to gain a stronghold. Diabetes mellitus, immunosuppression and the current COVID-19 global pandemic with its massive surges in the country have produced the \"perfect storm.\" Ophthalmologist across India have reported a surge in invasive Mucormycosis cases with a rise in orbital compartment syndrome often calling for radical procedures such as enucleation surgeries. The \"black fungus\" pandemic and invasive Mucormycosis resulted in the sinister secondary infections and complications are closely linked with the COVID-19 infection in India. It is therefore of the upmost importance that neighbouring countries particularly Nepal and other Asiatic nations take great cognizance of this indolent \"black fungus killer\" and ensure new screening and testing protocols for early identification to ensure effective management.","PeriodicalId":43600,"journal":{"name":"Nepal Journal of Epidemiology","volume":"11 2","pages":"1034-1039"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8266401/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39207336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 16