Nepal Journal of Epidemiology最新文献

{"title":"Pushing the Boundaries of Scientific Research with the use of Artificial Intelligence tools: Navigating Risks and Unleashing Possibilities.","authors":"Naushad Ahmad Khan,&nbsp;Kudaibergen Osmonaliev,&nbsp;Mohammad Zahed Sarwar","doi":"10.3126/nje.v13i1.53721","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/nje.v13i1.53721","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The language of science is communicated through various modes, such as lectures, informal discussions, conferences, and peer-reviewed publications. Artificial Intelligence (AI) based writing tools, like ChatGPT, have recently become increasingly popular due to natural language processing technology advancements. ChatGPT is an AI language model that can generate text close to human writing, making it suitable for tasks such as summarizing literature, composing essays, and producing statistical studies. This technology has the potential to transform scientific communication, but concerns have been raised about its impact on the integrity of research and the role of human researchers. While this technology has advantages such as accelerating the innovation process and enhancing diversity in scientific viewpoints, it is important for the scientific community to debate and envision the consequences of its use. Publishers are working to develop guidelines for its application, which may be capable of future activities such as experiment design and peer review. As we enter the early stages of the AI revolution, it is imperative that the scientific community engages in discourse and contemplate the potential outcomes of this potentially transformative technology. With this in mind, we have outlined relevant topics as a starting point for discussion.</p>","PeriodicalId":43600,"journal":{"name":"Nepal Journal of Epidemiology","volume":"13 1","pages":"1258-1263"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10225022/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9598538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dentists' perception of health-risk associated with cigarettes and alternative tobacco products: A descriptive study.","authors":"Danavanthi S Bangera,&nbsp;Mohamed Tahir Takana,&nbsp;Aji Gopakumar,&nbsp;Jayakumary Muttappallymyalil","doi":"10.3126/nje.v12i4.48488","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/nje.v12i4.48488","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cigarettes and alternative tobacco products cause various oral health issues ranging from minor tooth decay/gum-diseases to oral cancer. According to the Centre for Disease Control (CDC), over 40% of adult cigarette smokers have untreated tooth decay which later leads to severe oral health problems. The present study intended to assess the impact of dentists' perceived risk of smoking tobacco products on their attitude and practice toward tobacco cessation advice. It was a cross-sectional study to collect data on the perception of dentists who are smokers, regarding smoking-related health risks. Dentists' attitude was measured using a questionnaire with a 5-point rating scale and a practice list of items with a 3-point rating scale. Descriptive/inferential techniques were applied, and a significance level was fixed at 5%. Among the 31 tobacco users, 80.6% of dentists perceived severe risk with cigarette use as compared to alternative tobacco products (71%). Positive attitude and good practice were observed among those who perceived severe risk; however, no statistical significance was observed (p-value >0.05). Young dentists, males, Arab nationals, highly educated and specialists had a positive attitude toward smoking cessation activities. Among the smokers, dentists recognize their role and responsibility very seriously in building a smoke-free community, but their risk perception and good attitude did not positively reflect on their clinical practice in smoking cessation programs. Though the dentists had a better perception and attitude towards smoking cessation, their clinical practice in offering advising sessions is inversely related to their perception/attitude.</p>","PeriodicalId":43600,"journal":{"name":"Nepal Journal of Epidemiology","volume":"12 4","pages":"1248-1255"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9886558/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10652527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Guidance to applying for health research grants in the UK.","authors":"Brijesh Sathian,&nbsp;Edwin van Teijlingen,&nbsp;Indrajit Banerjee,&nbsp;Russell Kabir","doi":"10.3126/nje.v12i4.50998","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/nje.v12i4.50998","url":null,"abstract":"Applying for a research grant is one of the skills new researchers need to learn.  Writing a grant application can be an intimidating process.  Most research funders have either an online application system or a standard application form that can be emailed to the funder.  Although the length and layout of a grant application can vary between funding bodies, most ask for similar details, including a research proposal, the nature of the research team, a budget, a timeline, and often a risk assessment. This paper summarises key funding agencies in the health research field.  Furthermore, it briefly outlines the general process of applying for grants related to health and health services research in the UK.  To highlight some of the issues that can occur in the grant application process, we provide two examples of applications for international research grants from UK-based funding bodies, each had to be resubmitted before of it was successful in receiving funding.","PeriodicalId":43600,"journal":{"name":"Nepal Journal of Epidemiology","volume":"12 4","pages":"1231-1234"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9886560/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10650614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dengue Dilemma in Nepal.","authors":"Indrajit Banerjee,&nbsp;Jared Robinson,&nbsp;Brijesh Sathian","doi":"10.3126/nje.v12i4.50764","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/nje.v12i4.50764","url":null,"abstract":"The first case of Dengue in Nepal  was reported in 2004, after a traveller returned from India. Dengue has since then been an endemic disease within the country with all 4 serotypes (DENV-1,DENV-2,DENV-3 and DENV-4) being known to exist and circulate within the region. Based on epidemiological records the DENV-1 and DENV-2 serotypes have traditionally been the most incriminated serovars in terms of national disease burden according to the Epidemiology and the disease control division (EDCD). Since the beginning of January 2022 up until the 28th of September 2022 over 28000 cases of confirmed and suspected cases of dengue fever have been reported to the WHO with a total of 38 deaths being documented across all of Nepal’s provinces. To date the predominant implicated serotype or serotypes have not been identified. The province most adversely affected is the Bagmati province which accounts for 78.2% of the cases and 68.4% of the fatalities noted in Nepal. A further rise in cases has been noted as of the 8th of August 2022. This dengue outbreak is the largest recorded outbreak within the small mountainous regions recent history. \u0000The latest data released by the Ministry of health and population of Nepal (11th December 2022), has recorded a total of 54232 cases with the Bagmati province accounting for 42143 thereof and Lumbini province 4984 respectively. To date a total of 67 deaths have been confirmed. The top 10 reporting districts are namely: 1.Kathmandu (14165) 2.Lalitpur (9614) 3.Bhaktapur(6145) 4.Mawkanpur (5830) 5.Chitawan (3188) 6.Dang (2405) 7. Dhading(1678) 8. Rupandehi (1203) 9. Kavrepalanchok (536) and 10. Surkhet (470) cases respectively. \u0000Due to the treatment of the disease being predominantly supportive, the prevention of the spread through enhanced and improved vector control and elimination is recommended. The use of eradication programs, impregnated mosquito nets, larvicidal and chromosomal manipulation therapies are the most effective methods to aid and abet the control of this deadly virus. The coming months and response of the spread of the virus to the intimated control programs implemented in Nepal will act as a yardstick for the future development and course of the outbreak of Dengue within the mountainous region.","PeriodicalId":43600,"journal":{"name":"Nepal Journal of Epidemiology","volume":"12 4","pages":"1235-1237"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9886556/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10652532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The emergence of novel infectious diseases and the public health impact of mass gathering events: risks and challenges.","authors":"Mohammad Asim,&nbsp;Naushad Ahmad Khan,&nbsp;Kudaibergen Osmonaliev,&nbsp;Brijesh Sathian","doi":"10.3126/nje.v12i4.50997","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/nje.v12i4.50997","url":null,"abstract":"To date, there is the continuous emergence of novel infectious diseases endangering individuals' health and well-being worldwide. Over the past few decades, around forty contagious diseases, such as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus-1 (SARS), Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS), Ebola, Zika, and newly, COVID-19 and Monkeypox outbreaks, have been reported globally. Zoonotic transmission is the major cause of these emerging infections in humans. These, whether caused by previously unknown pathogens or by those already well-known to science, heighten global concerns about the spread of communicable diseases and the resulting increase in death and disability.","PeriodicalId":43600,"journal":{"name":"Nepal Journal of Epidemiology","volume":"12 4","pages":"1238-1241"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9886557/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10652533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring UK Knife crime and its associated factors: A content analysis of online newspapers.","authors":"Divya Vinnakota,&nbsp;Q M Rahman,&nbsp;Brijesh Sathian,&nbsp;Ancy Chandrababu Mercy Bai,&nbsp;Nikulin Deividas,&nbsp;Maneesha-Varghese Pellissery,&nbsp;Sajna Kizhackanaly Abdul Kareem,&nbsp;Md Rakibul Hasan,&nbsp;Ali Davod Parsa,&nbsp;Russell Kabir","doi":"10.3126/nje.v12i4.49994","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/nje.v12i4.49994","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Knife crime has become a common phrase used by the media, but it is not always clear what it refers to or what they mean when they use the term. Knife crime can cover many offences, making it challenging to define and estimate its prevalence. This review aimed to evaluate potential knife crimes in the UK from 2011 to 2021 and analyse the causes and risk factors associated with the crimes. Six UK online news portals were purposefully chosen to be included in the study, and knife crime news was searched retrospectively. The term \"knife crime\" was used to search. The news portals were the: Metro, the Sun, the Guardian, Daily Mail, Daily Mirror and the Evening Standard. In the assigned news portals, 692 reports were found between January 2011 and December 2021. The study revealed that the 11-20 years of age group individuals are more vulnerable as victims, and males are more reported as victims when compared to females. About 61.8% of knife crimes are reported from South England. Knife crime risk is higher in early adulthood and among males. Street violence, fights/gang attacks, family issues and robbery are the leading causes of knife crime and have all been identified as risk factors that must be addressed with caution.</p>","PeriodicalId":43600,"journal":{"name":"Nepal Journal of Epidemiology","volume":"12 4","pages":"1242-1247"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9886559/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10666447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Panic buying research: A bibliometric review.","authors":"S M Yasir Arafat,&nbsp;Sujita Kumar Kar,&nbsp;Rakesh Singh,&nbsp;Vikas Menon,&nbsp;Brijesh Sathian,&nbsp;Russell Kabir","doi":"10.3126/nje.v12i3.43436","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/nje.v12i3.43436","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Panic buying has been reported during a period of crisis when people buy an extra amount of essential commodities and hoard them anticipating their future utility. As a newer entity, a bibliometric analysis would reveal the research gaps for further studies. We aimed to do a bibliometric analysis of researches published on panic buying over the past two decades.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A literature search was conducted in the SCOPUS database using the keyword \"panic buying\". All published research in the English language between 1^st January 2001 to 1^st August 2021 was included in the analysis of this study.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified a total of 142 articles on panic buying published over the past two decades. There is an exponential increase in the publication on this topic during the COVID-19 pandemic (n=127). Majority of the articles were published from the United States (n=23), followed by the United Kingdom (n=20), and China (n=20). The <i>Frontiers in Public Health</i> and <i>Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services</i> published the highest number of articles (eight each). Arafat SMY published the highest number of publications as a single author (n=10) and <i>Enam Medical College and Hospital</i>, Bangladesh has the highest number of papers as an institution (n=10). Among all the publishers, Elsevier has published the maximum number of papers (n=38).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There is an exponential growth of panic buying research during 2020-21. The global crisis of the COVID-19 pandemic has been attributed to the recent rise in panic buying research.</p>","PeriodicalId":43600,"journal":{"name":"Nepal Journal of Epidemiology","volume":"12 3","pages":"1224-1230"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9659684/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40487225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Treatment of Long COVID or Post COVID syndrome: A Pharmacological approach.","authors":"Indrajit Banerjee, Jared Robinson, Brijesh Sathian","doi":"10.3126/nje.v12i3.48532","DOIUrl":"10.3126/nje.v12i3.48532","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43600,"journal":{"name":"Nepal Journal of Epidemiology","volume":"12 3","pages":"1220-1223"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9659683/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40487224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quarantine, physical distancing and social isolation measures in individuals potentially exposed to SARS-CoV-2 in community settings and health services: a scoping review.","authors":"Tereza Brenda Clementino de Freitas, Rafaella Cristina Tavares Belo, Sabrina Mércia Dos Santos Siebra, André de Macêdo Medeiros, Teresinha Silva de Brito, Sonia Elizabeth Lopez Carrillo, Israel Junior Borges do Nascimento, Sidnei Miyoshi Sakamoto, Maiara de Moraes","doi":"10.3126/nje.v12i2.43838","DOIUrl":"10.3126/nje.v12i2.43838","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To provide a synthesis of diverse evidence on the impact of the non-therapeutic preventive measures, specifically quarantine, physical distancing and social isolation, on the control of COVID-19. A scoping review conducted in the PubMed, Embase, LILACS, CENTRAL and SCOPUS databases between 2019 and August 28th, 2020. The descriptors used were the following: \"quarantine\", \"physical distancing\", \"social isolation\", \"COVID-19\" and \"SARS-Cov2\". Studies that addressed the non-therapeutic preventive measures in people exposed to SARs-CoV-2 in community settings and health services were included. A total of 14,442 records identified through a database search were reduced to 346 studies and, after a standardized selection process, a total of 68 articles were selected for analysis. A total of 35 descriptive, cross-sectional or longitudinal observational studies were identified, as well as 3 reviews, in addition to 30 studies with mathematical modeling. The main intervention assessed was social distancing (56.6%), followed by lockdown (25.0%) and quarantine (18.4%). The main evidence analyzed points to the need for rapid responses to reduce the number of infections, deaths and hospital admissions, especially in intensive care unit beds.The current review revealed consistent reports that the quarantine, physical distancing and social isolation are effective strategies to contain spread of the new coronavirus.</p>","PeriodicalId":43600,"journal":{"name":"Nepal Journal of Epidemiology","volume":"12 2","pages":"1182-1202"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9374109/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40702569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global re-emergence of human monkeypox: Population on high alert.","authors":"Indrajit Banerjee,&nbsp;Jared Robinson,&nbsp;Brijesh Sathian","doi":"10.3126/nje.v12i2.45974","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/nje.v12i2.45974","url":null,"abstract":"The Monkey pox virus is a member of the Orthopoxvirus genus in the family “Poxviridae”. The Orthopoxvirus genus includes Monkey pox, Smallpox (variola virus), the vaccinia virus and the Cowpox virus. The first human case of Monkey pox was recorded in the 1970’s in the (DRC) Democratic Republic of the Congo. Numerous cases of Monkey Pox have been reported to the WHO since the 1st of January 2022. As of the 15th of June 2022, a total of two thousand one hundred and three (2103) confirmed cases and 1 death have been registered by the WHO. Transmission of the Monkey Pox virus occurs through direct contact. Close contact such as that of skin to skin, mouth to mouth and face to face with the exposure to open lesions or lesions of the buccal mucosa aid the transmission of the disease. The virus is also transmitted through contaminated objects and materials ranging from pillows to bedding and the like. The occurrence and spread of this most recent outbreak of the virus has been mainly attributed to the sexual route of transmission. The sexual transmission predominantly occurring in men whom have had sexual relations with other men. Cases infected with Monkey Pox present with a high fever (pyrexia), vesicular and pustular rashes on the palms and soles and lymphadenopathy (lymphadenopathy being the main differentiating fever between Small Pox and Monkey Pox). Currently no licensed treatments are available for individuals infected with Monkey Pox, but brincidofovir and tecovirimat have shown promising use and efficacy against the virus in animals. The treatment is predominantly of the symptomatic type including paracetamol to combat the viral fever. Various medicaments can be used to prevent and control the Monkey Pox outbreak including (VIG) Vaccinia immunoglobulin, cidofovir and the Small Pox vaccine  \u0000The current international outbreak of Monkey Pox, is by no means the next SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, however through stronger global surveillance and international collaboration the current up flaring of cases can be swiftly controlled. It is vital that such outbreaks of this virus induce health agencies to begin further research into the Poxviridae family and formulate newer and more effective specific treatments to adequately treat and prevent such events in future.","PeriodicalId":43600,"journal":{"name":"Nepal Journal of Epidemiology","volume":"12 2","pages":"1179-1181"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9374110/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40702571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}