Nepal Journal of Epidemiology最新文献

{"title":"Need for evidence synthesis for quality control of healthcare decision-making","authors":"B. Sathian, E. V. Van Teijlingen, Israel Junior Borges Do Nascimento, M. Khatib, Indrajit Banerjee, P. Simkhada, Russell Kabir, Hanadi Al Hamad","doi":"10.3126/nje.v13i3.61004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/nje.v13i3.61004","url":null,"abstract":"Systematic reviews that are out-of-date delay policymaking, create controversy, and can erode trust in research. To avoid this issue, it is preferable to keep summaries of the study evidence. Living evidence is a synthesis approach that provides up-to-date rigorous research evidence summaries to decision-makers. This strategy is particularly useful in rapidly expanding research domains, uncertain existing evidence, and new research that may impact policy or practice, ensuring that physicians have access to the most recent evidence. Addressing global challenges – ranging from public health crises to climate change or political instability - requires evidence-based judgements. An obsolete, biased, or selective information poses risks of poor decisions and resource misallocation. The relatively nascent practice of living evidence proves invaluable in maintaining continuous interest and team engagement. The concept of living evidence has been particularly relevant during the COVID-19 pandemic due to the rapidly evolving nature of the virus, the urgent need for timely information, and the continuous emergence of new research findings. Although the COVID-19 pandemic accelerated the adoption of evidence systems, researchers and funders of research should rigorously test the living-evidence model across diverse domains to further advance and optimize its methodology.","PeriodicalId":43600,"journal":{"name":"Nepal Journal of Epidemiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139161624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strengthening Healthcare through Academic and Industry Partnership Research.","authors":"Brijesh Sathian, Edwin van Teijlingen, Padam Simkhada, Indrajit Banerjee, Hemanth Kumar Manikyam, Russell Kabir","doi":"10.3126/nje.v13i2.58243","DOIUrl":"10.3126/nje.v13i2.58243","url":null,"abstract":"Academic and Industry Partnership Research Grants have a huge potential to improve healthcare in the UK and elsewhere. This potent partnership between academia and business can hasten medical innovation, strengthen patient-centered research, and close the gap between theoretical understanding and real-world implementations. We can make sure that the quest of scientific knowledge continues to be at the forefront of healthcare developments by welcoming this partnership while respecting ethical norms and transparency. The UK's dedication to developing long-term alliances based on mutual respect and open dialogue will help create a climate in which ground-breaking research may flourish and be transformed into affordable healthcare solutions.","PeriodicalId":43600,"journal":{"name":"Nepal Journal of Epidemiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10484498/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10219165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of COVID-19 on the mental health of the people in the Indian subcontinent: A scoping review.","authors":"Russell Kabir,&nbsp;Ancy Chandrababu Mercy Bai,&nbsp;Haniya Zehra Syed,&nbsp;Md Rakibul Hasan,&nbsp;Divya Vinnakota,&nbsp;Sujita Kumar Kar,&nbsp;Rakesh Singh,&nbsp;Brijesh Sathian,&nbsp;S M Yasir Arafat","doi":"10.3126/nje.v13i2.52766","DOIUrl":"10.3126/nje.v13i2.52766","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Indian subcontinent has high mental heath burden and low resources to cope the mental health challenges. Assessment of impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health would help to prioritize the resource allocations. We aimed to assess the impact of COVID-19 on the mental health of people in the Indian subcontinent. Following the PRISMA 2020 guideline, a scoping review was performed by systematically searching the PubMed, Scopus, and Embase databases to identify original studies that assessed mental health conditions during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Indian subcontinent. In this review, a total of 34 studies conducted between 2020 and 2022 were analyzed. The prevalence of anxiety disorders was found to range widely, from 2.5% in North Indian urban slum to 53% in Bangladesh and 21.7% in Pakistan. Similarly, the prevalence of depression varied widely, with rates ranging from 3.5% in North India to 29.8% in Pakistan. The prevalence of stress-related problems ranged from 18.3% in Pakistan to 59.7% in Bangladesh. Factors such as female gender, married status, healthcare workers, and mental illness were identified as important predictors of anxiety and depressive disorders. The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on mental health in Indian subcontinent varies widely based on study population and methods. Therefore, a cautious interpretation is needed while generalizing the study results.</p>","PeriodicalId":43600,"journal":{"name":"Nepal Journal of Epidemiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10484499/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10219160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Promising Future for Complex Innovative Trial Design in Clinical Research.","authors":"Brijesh Sathian,&nbsp;Edwin van Teijlingen,&nbsp;Indrajit Banerjee,&nbsp;Mohammad Asim,&nbsp;Russell Kabir","doi":"10.3126/nje.v13i1.53722","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/nje.v13i1.53722","url":null,"abstract":"Complex Innovative Trial Design (CID) offers several potential benefits for clinical research, including the use of novel statistical techniques such as adaptive designs and Bayesian methods that require computer simulation to determine operating characteristics. By leveraging these techniques, CID has the potential to increase the probability of success for clinical trials while simultaneously reducing the time and cost required for drug development.","PeriodicalId":43600,"journal":{"name":"Nepal Journal of Epidemiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10225021/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9598541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pushing the Boundaries of Scientific Research with the use of Artificial Intelligence tools: Navigating Risks and Unleashing Possibilities.","authors":"Naushad Ahmad Khan,&nbsp;Kudaibergen Osmonaliev,&nbsp;Mohammad Zahed Sarwar","doi":"10.3126/nje.v13i1.53721","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/nje.v13i1.53721","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The language of science is communicated through various modes, such as lectures, informal discussions, conferences, and peer-reviewed publications. Artificial Intelligence (AI) based writing tools, like ChatGPT, have recently become increasingly popular due to natural language processing technology advancements. ChatGPT is an AI language model that can generate text close to human writing, making it suitable for tasks such as summarizing literature, composing essays, and producing statistical studies. This technology has the potential to transform scientific communication, but concerns have been raised about its impact on the integrity of research and the role of human researchers. While this technology has advantages such as accelerating the innovation process and enhancing diversity in scientific viewpoints, it is important for the scientific community to debate and envision the consequences of its use. Publishers are working to develop guidelines for its application, which may be capable of future activities such as experiment design and peer review. As we enter the early stages of the AI revolution, it is imperative that the scientific community engages in discourse and contemplate the potential outcomes of this potentially transformative technology. With this in mind, we have outlined relevant topics as a starting point for discussion.</p>","PeriodicalId":43600,"journal":{"name":"Nepal Journal of Epidemiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10225022/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9598538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dentists' perception of health-risk associated with cigarettes and alternative tobacco products: A descriptive study.","authors":"Danavanthi S Bangera,&nbsp;Mohamed Tahir Takana,&nbsp;Aji Gopakumar,&nbsp;Jayakumary Muttappallymyalil","doi":"10.3126/nje.v12i4.48488","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/nje.v12i4.48488","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cigarettes and alternative tobacco products cause various oral health issues ranging from minor tooth decay/gum-diseases to oral cancer. According to the Centre for Disease Control (CDC), over 40% of adult cigarette smokers have untreated tooth decay which later leads to severe oral health problems. The present study intended to assess the impact of dentists' perceived risk of smoking tobacco products on their attitude and practice toward tobacco cessation advice. It was a cross-sectional study to collect data on the perception of dentists who are smokers, regarding smoking-related health risks. Dentists' attitude was measured using a questionnaire with a 5-point rating scale and a practice list of items with a 3-point rating scale. Descriptive/inferential techniques were applied, and a significance level was fixed at 5%. Among the 31 tobacco users, 80.6% of dentists perceived severe risk with cigarette use as compared to alternative tobacco products (71%). Positive attitude and good practice were observed among those who perceived severe risk; however, no statistical significance was observed (p-value >0.05). Young dentists, males, Arab nationals, highly educated and specialists had a positive attitude toward smoking cessation activities. Among the smokers, dentists recognize their role and responsibility very seriously in building a smoke-free community, but their risk perception and good attitude did not positively reflect on their clinical practice in smoking cessation programs. Though the dentists had a better perception and attitude towards smoking cessation, their clinical practice in offering advising sessions is inversely related to their perception/attitude.</p>","PeriodicalId":43600,"journal":{"name":"Nepal Journal of Epidemiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9886558/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10652527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Guidance to applying for health research grants in the UK.","authors":"Brijesh Sathian,&nbsp;Edwin van Teijlingen,&nbsp;Indrajit Banerjee,&nbsp;Russell Kabir","doi":"10.3126/nje.v12i4.50998","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/nje.v12i4.50998","url":null,"abstract":"Applying for a research grant is one of the skills new researchers need to learn.  Writing a grant application can be an intimidating process.  Most research funders have either an online application system or a standard application form that can be emailed to the funder.  Although the length and layout of a grant application can vary between funding bodies, most ask for similar details, including a research proposal, the nature of the research team, a budget, a timeline, and often a risk assessment. This paper summarises key funding agencies in the health research field.  Furthermore, it briefly outlines the general process of applying for grants related to health and health services research in the UK.  To highlight some of the issues that can occur in the grant application process, we provide two examples of applications for international research grants from UK-based funding bodies, each had to be resubmitted before of it was successful in receiving funding.","PeriodicalId":43600,"journal":{"name":"Nepal Journal of Epidemiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9886560/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10650614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dengue Dilemma in Nepal.","authors":"Indrajit Banerjee,&nbsp;Jared Robinson,&nbsp;Brijesh Sathian","doi":"10.3126/nje.v12i4.50764","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/nje.v12i4.50764","url":null,"abstract":"The first case of Dengue in Nepal  was reported in 2004, after a traveller returned from India. Dengue has since then been an endemic disease within the country with all 4 serotypes (DENV-1,DENV-2,DENV-3 and DENV-4) being known to exist and circulate within the region. Based on epidemiological records the DENV-1 and DENV-2 serotypes have traditionally been the most incriminated serovars in terms of national disease burden according to the Epidemiology and the disease control division (EDCD). Since the beginning of January 2022 up until the 28th of September 2022 over 28000 cases of confirmed and suspected cases of dengue fever have been reported to the WHO with a total of 38 deaths being documented across all of Nepal’s provinces. To date the predominant implicated serotype or serotypes have not been identified. The province most adversely affected is the Bagmati province which accounts for 78.2% of the cases and 68.4% of the fatalities noted in Nepal. A further rise in cases has been noted as of the 8th of August 2022. This dengue outbreak is the largest recorded outbreak within the small mountainous regions recent history. \u0000The latest data released by the Ministry of health and population of Nepal (11th December 2022), has recorded a total of 54232 cases with the Bagmati province accounting for 42143 thereof and Lumbini province 4984 respectively. To date a total of 67 deaths have been confirmed. The top 10 reporting districts are namely: 1.Kathmandu (14165) 2.Lalitpur (9614) 3.Bhaktapur(6145) 4.Mawkanpur (5830) 5.Chitawan (3188) 6.Dang (2405) 7. Dhading(1678) 8. Rupandehi (1203) 9. Kavrepalanchok (536) and 10. Surkhet (470) cases respectively. \u0000Due to the treatment of the disease being predominantly supportive, the prevention of the spread through enhanced and improved vector control and elimination is recommended. The use of eradication programs, impregnated mosquito nets, larvicidal and chromosomal manipulation therapies are the most effective methods to aid and abet the control of this deadly virus. The coming months and response of the spread of the virus to the intimated control programs implemented in Nepal will act as a yardstick for the future development and course of the outbreak of Dengue within the mountainous region.","PeriodicalId":43600,"journal":{"name":"Nepal Journal of Epidemiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9886556/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10652532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The emergence of novel infectious diseases and the public health impact of mass gathering events: risks and challenges.","authors":"Mohammad Asim,&nbsp;Naushad Ahmad Khan,&nbsp;Kudaibergen Osmonaliev,&nbsp;Brijesh Sathian","doi":"10.3126/nje.v12i4.50997","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/nje.v12i4.50997","url":null,"abstract":"To date, there is the continuous emergence of novel infectious diseases endangering individuals' health and well-being worldwide. Over the past few decades, around forty contagious diseases, such as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus-1 (SARS), Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS), Ebola, Zika, and newly, COVID-19 and Monkeypox outbreaks, have been reported globally. Zoonotic transmission is the major cause of these emerging infections in humans. These, whether caused by previously unknown pathogens or by those already well-known to science, heighten global concerns about the spread of communicable diseases and the resulting increase in death and disability.","PeriodicalId":43600,"journal":{"name":"Nepal Journal of Epidemiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9886557/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10652533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring UK Knife crime and its associated factors: A content analysis of online newspapers.","authors":"Divya Vinnakota,&nbsp;Q M Rahman,&nbsp;Brijesh Sathian,&nbsp;Ancy Chandrababu Mercy Bai,&nbsp;Nikulin Deividas,&nbsp;Maneesha-Varghese Pellissery,&nbsp;Sajna Kizhackanaly Abdul Kareem,&nbsp;Md Rakibul Hasan,&nbsp;Ali Davod Parsa,&nbsp;Russell Kabir","doi":"10.3126/nje.v12i4.49994","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/nje.v12i4.49994","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Knife crime has become a common phrase used by the media, but it is not always clear what it refers to or what they mean when they use the term. Knife crime can cover many offences, making it challenging to define and estimate its prevalence. This review aimed to evaluate potential knife crimes in the UK from 2011 to 2021 and analyse the causes and risk factors associated with the crimes. Six UK online news portals were purposefully chosen to be included in the study, and knife crime news was searched retrospectively. The term \"knife crime\" was used to search. The news portals were the: Metro, the Sun, the Guardian, Daily Mail, Daily Mirror and the Evening Standard. In the assigned news portals, 692 reports were found between January 2011 and December 2021. The study revealed that the 11-20 years of age group individuals are more vulnerable as victims, and males are more reported as victims when compared to females. About 61.8% of knife crimes are reported from South England. Knife crime risk is higher in early adulthood and among males. Street violence, fights/gang attacks, family issues and robbery are the leading causes of knife crime and have all been identified as risk factors that must be addressed with caution.</p>","PeriodicalId":43600,"journal":{"name":"Nepal Journal of Epidemiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9886559/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10666447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}