{"title":"Gastrointestinal infections and the protective role of probiotics and prebiotics","authors":"G. Gibson, R. Rastall","doi":"10.1616/1476-2137.3664","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1616/1476-2137.3664","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":435954,"journal":{"name":"Food Science & Technology Bulletin: Functional Foods","volume":"124 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115188646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Functional foods, blood lipids and coronary heart disease","authors":"K. Jackson, J. Lovegrove","doi":"10.1616/1476-2137.3965","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1616/1476-2137.3965","url":null,"abstract":"For the past 20 years, the principal focus of public health strategies for reducing the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) has been aimed at lowering serum cholesterol levels. However, recent findings have highlighted not only cholesterol but also triacylglycerol as a significant lipid risk factor for CHD. Dietary strategies which are able to reduce these circulating lipid levels and which are able to offer long-term efficacy comparable with effective drug treatments are currently being sought. One dietary strategy that may benefit the lipid profile involves supplementation of the diet with prebiotics, probiotics and synbiotics; this method improves the health of the host by supplementation with and/or fortification of certain health promoting bacteria present in the gastrointestinal tract, by dietary means. Probiotics (live organisms) in the form of fermented milk products have been shown to exert cholesterol lowering properties, whereas non-digestible fermentable carbohydrate prebiotics have been shown to reduce triacylglycerol levels in animal studies. However, in human studies using both prebiotics and probiotics, there have been inconsistent findings with respect to changes in lipid levels, although, on the whole, there have been favourable outcomes.","PeriodicalId":435954,"journal":{"name":"Food Science & Technology Bulletin: Functional Foods","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132543380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Gougoulias, S. Sandaradura, Xiao Meng, A. Perz, A. Leeds, L. Thomas
{"title":"Changes in the intestinal microbiota after a short period of dietary over-indulgence, representative of a holiday or festival season","authors":"C. Gougoulias, S. Sandaradura, Xiao Meng, A. Perz, A. Leeds, L. Thomas","doi":"10.1616/1476-2137.15493","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1616/1476-2137.15493","url":null,"abstract":"The effects on the intestinal microbiota of a short period of marginal over-eating, characteristic of holiday or \u0000festival periods, were investigated in a pilot study. Fourteen healthy male subjects consumed a diet rich in \u0000animal protein and fat for seven days. During this period, the subjects significantly increased their dietary \u0000energy, protein, carbohydrate and fat intakes by 56, 59, 53 and 58%, respectively (all P < 0.05). The mean \u0000weight gain of 0.27 kg was less than the expected 1 kg, but this was consistent with a degree of under-reporting \u0000on the baseline diet. Fluorescence in situ hybridisation analysis confirmed the relative stability of each \u0000individual’s faecal microbiota but showed considerable variations between them. The diet was associated with \u0000a significant increase in numbers of total faecal bacteria and the bacteroides group, as detected by the universal \u0000bacterial probe (DAPI) and Bacteroides probe (Bac 303), respectively. Overall, there was a decrease in \u0000numbers of the Lactobacillus/Enterococcus group (Lab 158 probe; 2.8 ± 3.0% to 1.8 ± 1.8%) and the Bifidobacterium \u0000group (Bif 164 probe; 3.0 ± 3.7% to 1.7 ± 1.2%), although there was considerable inter-individual \u0000variation. Analysis of the relative proportions of each bacterial group as a percentage of the subject’s total \u0000bacteria showed a trend for a change in the intestinal microbiota that might be considered potentially \u0000unhealthy.","PeriodicalId":435954,"journal":{"name":"Food Science & Technology Bulletin: Functional Foods","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127855415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}