Indian Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Effect of Ergonomic Intervention on Cognitive Function of Office Workers.","authors":"Zahra Mottaghi, Gholamhossein Halvani, Sara Jambarsang, Amir H Mehrparvar","doi":"10.4103/ijoem.ijoem_213_22","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijoem.ijoem_213_22","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Different domains of cognitive function are important in some jobs, such as office work. Ergonomic risk factors may affect cognitive function.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study was designed to assess the effect of an ergonomic training intervention on the cognitive function of office workers.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This was a before-after study performed in 2020 in Yazd, Iran on female office workers. Cognitive function (working memory, attention, and response time) was assessed by Wechsler working memory and Stroop tests before and after the intervention. Ergonomic intervention consisted of an ergonomic modification of the workstation and a training program about ergonomic principles of office work. Data were analyzed by SPSS (ver. 24) using paired <i>t</i>-test and the multiple regression linear model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mean age and work experience of the participants were 35.38 ± 1.60 and 8.54 ± 1.24 yr., respectively. Forward visual memory, response time, and interference time were significantly changed after the intervention, but the change in other aspects of cognitive function (i.e., memory span, backward visual memory, and interference score) was not statistically significant. Marital status, age, and working hours significantly affected working memory, test duration and response time, and number of errors, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study showed that ergonomic intervention (modification of workstation and training) may significantly affect some aspects of cognitive function in office workers.</p>","PeriodicalId":43585,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine","volume":"28 4","pages":"267-271"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11771296/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143060909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global and Indian Scenarios of Fatal and Non-fatal Occupational Injuries: A Secondary Data Analysis.","authors":"Arkaprabha Sau, Santanu Phadikar, Ishita Bhakta, Arindam Chatterjee","doi":"10.4103/ijoem.ijoem_275_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijoem.ijoem_275_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Fatal and non-fatal occupational injuries are one of the most important public health problems all over the world. Its number greatly varies from country to country over the years. Worldwide approximately 4% of global gross domestic product (GDP) is lost due to occupational injuries. It has also been estimated that daily, approximately 1 million workers get injured, and more than 5000 workers die due to their occupation. In this research work, using modern data analytics techniques, we have tried to explore the current situation and time trend of fatal and non-fatal occupational injuries globally and in India.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Using the open-source data available at the International Labour Organization (ILO) database and the Government of India open database, analysis was performed systematically using R and Python programming languages. Data have been accessed by December 31, 2022. To make a representative sample population for this article, four countries from Europe and Central Asia region (Russia, France, Germany, and United Kingdom), four countries from the Asia-Pacific region (India, Australia, Japan, and Republic of Korea), and two countries from Americas (United States and Argentina) are selected for a meaningful comparison purpose.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Since 2000, the time trend of fatal and non-fatal occupational injuries has been increasing trend globally. The yearly average (± standard deviation) of fatal and non-fatal injuries per country per million population was 256 (±68) and 83380 (±41280). The number of fatal injuries in India has increased over the years, but the number of non-fatal injuries in India is decreasing trend.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>According to the ILO database, it has been revealed in this article that, on average yearly, 83380 per million population total occupational injuries are reported worldwide. Among them, yearly, 256 per million population (0.3%) workers per country succumbed to injuries. According to Government of India database, there was an average of 271 deaths per year between 2000 and 2021. For evidence-based decision and policy making and subsequent program implementation, the availability of timely, good-quality data from every industrial sector of society is most important. It can only be achieved by implementing integrated occupational injury surveillance programs at national and global levels.</p>","PeriodicalId":43585,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine","volume":"28 4","pages":"282-287"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11771290/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143060926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Health Implications of Beedi Rolling: Evaluating Morbidity, DNA Damage, and Hematological Profile.","authors":"Ravichandran Beerappa, Geethu Mathew, B A Kiran, Avinash S Gaikwad, Shridhar Kondhalkar","doi":"10.4103/ijoem.ijoem_17_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijoem.ijoem_17_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Beedi rolling is a labor-intensive occupation that can cause a variety of health problems due to prolonged exposure to tobacco dust. This cross-sectional study aimed to assess morbidity, hematological profile, and DNA damage among beedi rollers in Karnataka.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 153 participants, including 85 beedi and 65 non-beedi rollers, were enrolled in the study. Morbidity status and hematological parameters were determined through a structured questionnaire and autoanalyzer, respectively. DNA damage was quantified by measuring micronuclei frequency from buccal mucosal cells.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The majority of beedi rollers were women from low socioeconomic background. Nearly half of them work in an environment with poor lighting and one-third in rooms with inadequate ventilation. The most commonly reported morbidities included musculoskeletal symptoms, followed by ophthalmic and respiratory symptoms. When compared to non-beedi rollers, the beedi roller group exhibited significantly lower mean hemoglobin levels, red blood cell count, monocyte count, and packed cell volume. Beedi rollers were observed to have higher frequency of micronuclei, indicating increased DNA damage, compared to non-beedi rollers (<i>P</i> = 0.016).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The elevated micronuclei frequency observed among beedi rollers underscores the importance of continued research to identify and address specific occupational hazards contributing to genetic damage in this population.</p>","PeriodicalId":43585,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine","volume":"28 4","pages":"335-337"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11771288/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143060931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimation of Urinary Lead and Urinary δ-Aminolevulinic Acid as an Index of Lead Exposure in Urban and Rural Residents of West Bengal, India.","authors":"Anupa Yadav, Aniruddha Mukhopadhayay, Amit Chakrabarti, Asim Saha, Pritha Bhattacharjee","doi":"10.4103/ijoem.ijoem_46_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijoem.ijoem_46_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Chronic exposure to low-level environmental lead (Pb) causes several health effects in humans. Its biomonitoring by non-invasive biomarkers is imperative to identify Pb exposure in the occupationally unexposed general public.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To quantify urinary lead (U-Pb) and urinary δ-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) in the general population of West Bengal, India, and identify the impact of routine life activities (smoking habit, traveling, and cooking activities) and sociodemographic factors on U-Pb and U-ALA levels.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Urine samples (N = 258) were obtained from urban and rural area residents from November 2021 to February 2022. U-Pb and U-ALA were quantified by atomic absorption (283 nm) and UV-spectrometer (553 nm). A structured questionnaire was used for data collection.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>About 8% of rural residents, 15% of urban residential area residents, and 35% of urban commercial area residents had U-ALA levels > 5 mg/L permissible limit. Low-income-group (LIG) individuals had two times higher ALA than the middle-income group. ALA was significantly (<i>P</i> < 0.05) higher in smoker traveler males, traveler females, and females who had passive exposure to tobacco smoke. U-Pb was within permissible limits in total study individuals.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Pb exposure was higher in urban than rural residents; furthermore, urban commercial residents had Pb exposure higher than urban residential residents. Results are evident that vehicular emissions and tobacco smoke were potential contributors to environmental Pb exposure among study participants. The present work provides data on Pb body burden among the residents of West Bengal that might be useful for policymakers and in pollution abatement strategies too.</p>","PeriodicalId":43585,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine","volume":"28 4","pages":"304-312"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11771285/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143060922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"India's Role in the Global OH Scenario: Past, Present, and Future.","authors":"Shyam Pingle","doi":"10.4103/ijoem.ijoem_340_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijoem.ijoem_340_24","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43585,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine","volume":"28 4","pages":"257-260"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11771294/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143060939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between Body Mechanics and Perceived Musculoskeletal Problems among Construction Workers of Udupi District, Karnataka, India: A Cross-sectional Survey.","authors":"Raghavendra Nayak, Janet Alva, V Vinish","doi":"10.4103/ijoem.ijoem_167_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijoem.ijoem_167_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>Construction workers are prone to develop musculoskeletal problems and it is a leading cause for the morbidity due to their work type. This study aimed to assess the body mechanics practice and perceived musculoskeletal problems of construction workers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional survey was conducted between November 2019 and July 2020 among 390 construction workers at construction sites under selected villages of Udupi District, Karnataka by using by proportionate method. Villages were selected using a simple random sampling method and samples were collected by convenience sampling. Samples were mason helpers between 20 and 50 years of age, without any history of chronic musculoskeletal problems. Tools used were demographic proforma, self-reported body mechanics practice questionnaire, and modified Nordic musculoskeletal questionnaire. Analysis done with descriptive and inferential statistics by using SPSS Version 16.0.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Majority 144 (36.9%) of the participants were in the age group between 41 and 50 years. Most 376 (96.4%) of them were men and majority of them 309 (79%) followed fair body mechanics practice and 191 (49%) of the participants had low back problems and were responsible for their activity restrictions. Body mechanic practice of the construction workers was found to be significantly associated with unhealthy practice (<i>P</i> ≤ 0.001) and health problems (<i>P</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study concluded that the body mechanic practice of the construction workers was found to be significantly associated with unhealthy practices and health problems. The study recommends that educating construction workers about the importance of following proper body mechanics at the workplace and during day-to-day activities is crucial to prevent musculoskeletal problems and improve quality of life.</p>","PeriodicalId":43585,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine","volume":"28 3","pages":"214-219"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11606561/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142773297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Caregivers' Perspectives on Reasonable Accommodation for Persons with Severe Mental Disorders at the Workplace.","authors":"V H Yatheesha, Shanivaram K Reddy, Hareesh Angothu, Mysore N Vranda, Kanmani T Raju, Srikanth Pallerla","doi":"10.4103/ijoem.ijoem_195_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijoem.ijoem_195_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Reasonable accommodation (RA) refers to adjustments or modifications that an employer makes to the workplace to enable an employee with a mental illness to perform the essential functions of their job. Employer and employee should work together to determine the most beneficial accommodations that would not impose an undue hardship on the employer.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>An exploratory study design with a purposive sampling technique was used in the current study. Ten in-depth interviews have been conducted with the caregivers (CGs) of persons with severe mental disorders (SMDs).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The CGs' mean age is 55 years. The data have been collected from November 2022 to January 2023. Out of ten CGs, three were female and seven were male. The content analysis of CG interview transcripts suggests that persons with SMD lost or discontinued their jobs due to leaves, lack of peer support/supervision, more targets, shift work, discrimination at the workplace, and lower salaries. The CGs opined that the RAs for persons with SMD are adjustments in the work environment, policy, or procedure modifications that enable the individual to perform their job, allowing them to work from home.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>RAs for persons with SMDs are essential from the CGs' perspective. RA for persons with SMD at work can promote their job continuation and social support.</p>","PeriodicalId":43585,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine","volume":"28 3","pages":"177-181"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11606562/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142773361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cost-Effectiveness of Decentralized Solid Waste Management Method as Compared to the Centralized Method Implemented Through Urban Local Government in Tirunelveli City, Tamil Nadu, India.","authors":"Porchelvan Shanmugiah, Sendhilkumar Muthappan, Bhavani Shankara Bagepally, Manickam Ponnaiah","doi":"10.4103/ijoem.ijoem_185_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijoem.ijoem_185_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To compare the cost-effectiveness of a newly introduced decentralized method with the existing centralized solid waste management (SWM) method in 2019 in Tirunelveli City, Tamil Nadu, India.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was undertaken to compare the costs for the two SWM methods using the bottom-up approach. We ascertained cost centers for the collection, transportation, and processing of solid waste for the two methods. We reviewed the records and collected data to estimate the costs and outputs (waste processed per capita) of the two SWM methods using data abstraction forms for each identified cost center. We calculated the cost and outcome of both methods and the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The total cost for the decentralized method was ₹121 million (USD 1.72 million), and that of the centralized method was ₹222 million (USD 3.15 million). The cost per capita of SWM in one year was lesser for the decentralized (₹526) as compared to the centralized method (₹612). The cost per metric tonne (MT) of SWM in decentralized and centralized methods was ₹5595 and ₹4683, respectively. The ICER lies in the right lower quadrant (ICER: 1.2375), indicating that the decentralized method was cost-effective.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Solid waste processing by the decentralized method is cost-effective as compared to the centralized processing method in terms of waste processed per capita. We recommend the civic bodies to adopt the decentralized method with sufficient allocation of resources for efficient SWM. Furthermore, this will not only reduce greenhouse gas emissions but also have a positive impact on climate change mitigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":43585,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine","volume":"28 3","pages":"228-234"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11606558/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142773363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Cross-sectional Study on Association of Iliopsoas Muscle Length with Lumbar Lordosis Among Desk Job Workers.","authors":"Prachi M Singhvi, Juhi K Bharnuke","doi":"10.4103/ijoem.ijoem_316_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijoem.ijoem_316_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Prolonged hours of sitting in sustained posture is a common job requirement of desk job workers. Potential risk of iliopsoas muscle shortening leading to lumbar hyperlordosis, which in turn may cause low-back pain was identified. Thus, this study determined association between iliopsoas muscle length and lumbar lordosis in desk job workers.</p><p><strong>Methods and material: </strong>This cross-sectional study was conducted on forty-six desk job workers working for 5 hrs/day for at least 5 years. Workers were assessed for iliopsoas muscle length using Modified Thomas test and flexi-ruler was used to measure lumbar lordosis. Pearson's correlation was operated for association of iliopsoas length with lumbar lordosis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Lumbar lordosis demonstrated moderate positive correlation with both right (r = 0.628) and left Iliopsoas muscle length (r = 0.647).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study concluded workers with higher degree of lumbar lordosis presented with shorter iliopsoas length. Timely intervention to maintain the length of this muscle will ensure low incidence of low-back pain among desk job workers thereby safeguarding their spine due to cumulative trauma.</p>","PeriodicalId":43585,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine","volume":"28 3","pages":"235-238"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11606565/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142773504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association Between Noise-Induced Hearing Loss and Vestibular Dysfunction in Workers Chronically Exposed to Occupational Noise.","authors":"Hamed Nadri, Ali Khavanin, In-Ju Kim, Mehdi Akbari, Farshad Nadri, Reza Yeganeh","doi":"10.4103/ijoem.ijoem_312_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijoem.ijoem_312_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Despite the understanding of the association between noise exposure and noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL), the effects of noise on vestibular function are less well understood and neglected.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>The aim of this study was to investigate the function of the vestibular system in workers with NIHL.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Thirty male textile workers with symmetrical NIHL (49.3 ± 4.5 dB at 4 kHz) and thirty healthy male textile office staff with normal hearing were included in this study. Pure tone audiometry using air conduction and bone conduction was used to determine hearing thresholds. The videonystagmography battery test, including the oculomotor test, caloric test, and video head impulse test (vHIT), was used for the evaluation of vestibular system function.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was no difference in saccadic tracking, smooth pursuit tracking, and optokinetic nystagmus between the two groups. It was found that the abnormal vHIT was significantly higher in workers with NIHL (40%) than in the control group (3.3%). In addition, the abnormal caloric test was significantly higher in workers with NIHL (33.3%) than in the control group (0%). The association between the hearing thresholds of 3, 4, 6, and 8 kHz and vestibular dysfunction was significant.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study provides evidence of the simultaneous occurrence of NIHL and vestibular dysfunction. In other words, the results support the role of noise as a risk factor for the development of vestibular dysfunction in textile workers.</p>","PeriodicalId":43585,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine","volume":"28 3","pages":"189-193"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11606557/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142773299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}