Stratum plus. Archaeology and Cultural Anthropology最新文献_第9页

Epigraphic and pictorial materials from An Jia the tomb (preliminary report) 安家陵铭文、图画资料(初报)

Stratum plus. Archaeology and Cultural Anthropology Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.55086/sp226439456

M. Kudinova, S. Komissarov, A. Soloviev

引用次数: 0

Some Reflections about the Evolution of Golden Horde Towns 关于金帐汗国城镇演变的若干思考

Stratum plus. Archaeology and Cultural Anthropology Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.55086/sp226319329

S. Bocharov, A. Maslovskiy

{"title":"Some Reflections about the Evolution of Golden Horde Towns","authors":"S. Bocharov, A. Maslovskiy","doi":"10.55086/sp226319329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55086/sp226319329","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents the regularities in the evolution of the Golden Horde towns. The authors proposed a scheme of periodization of emergence and existence of the Golden Horde towns, which takes into consideration the third component of the Golden Horde — sedentary rural settlements — and consists of seven stages. The 1 st stage (1240 s —1260 s) was the emergence of a large number of settlements in the steppe zone and reconstruction of the settlement structures in the regions with an already developed network of rural settlements (Volga’s Bulgaria, Trans Kuban Region, Crimea). The 2 nd stage (1260 s —1290 s) was the period of the Golden Horde towns’ creation as one of the main manifestations of the sovereignty of the new State. The 3 rd stage (1290 s —1340 s) is the period of continuous growth of towns, when the number of population and territories increased many times. Stage 4 (1340 s —1350 s): a halt in the growth of the majority of the main towns of the Golden Horde, with a few exceptions. Stage 5 (1360 s —1370 s) “Great Troubles”: gradual fading of the world of Golden Horde towns. Stage 6 (1380 s —1390 s): a weak attempt of Tokhtamysh Khan to revive economic life in the main Golden Horde towns. Stage 7 (1390 s —1420 s): final death of sedentary life in the main steppe territory of the Golden Horde. The authors see the reason for the disappearance of both the Golden Horde state itself and the phenomenon of its urbanization in the preservation of nomadic pastoralism by the ethnic groups that constituted the military and political elite of the Golden Horde, which led to irremovable contradictions and flaws in the economic and social structure of the State.","PeriodicalId":435723,"journal":{"name":"Stratum plus. Archaeology and Cultural Anthropology","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128457298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Leo VI the Wise and Islam Challenges. (Refl ections on the book: M. L. D. Riedel. Leo VI and the Transformation of Byzantine Christian Identity. Writings of an Unexpected Emperor. Cambridge, 2018)

Stratum plus. Archaeology and Cultural Anthropology Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.55086/sp225435446

Irina Vascheva, Vera Grozova

{"title":"Leo VI the Wise and Islam Challenges. (Refl ections on the book: M. L. D. Riedel.\u0000 Leo VI and the Transformation of Byzantine Christian Identity. Writings of an Unexpected\u0000 Emperor. Cambridge, 2018)","authors":"Irina Vascheva, Vera Grozova","doi":"10.55086/sp225435446","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55086/sp225435446","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines a range of problems related to the formation of the\u0000 military-political doctrine of the Byzantine Empire in the X century and the role of the\u0000 Byzantine Emperor Leo VI the Wise in these events. The impetus for the appearance of\u0000 this article was the publication in 2018 of M. Riedel’s monograph ‘Leo VI and the\u0000 Transformation of Byzantine Christian Identity’ (Riedel M. L. D. Leo VI and the\u0000 Transformation of Byzantine Christian Identity. Writings of an Unexpected Emperor.\u0000 Cambridge, 2018). The monograph is distinguished by a non-standard approach to the\u0000 writings of the Byzantine emperor, the desire to study them together in order to\u0000 discover the idea that unites them all. The author, indeed, manages to show how, with\u0000 the help of the religious idea, Leo VI the Wise builds a completely new\u0000 military-political doctrine of the Byzantine Empire and responds to the challenges of\u0000 modernity. The monograph shows that the problem of the relationship between the\u0000 Christian and Muslim worlds, considered in the categories of “us” — “them”, is relevant\u0000 not only for the era of the Crusades, but manifests itself much earlier, shows the need\u0000 to study these images, special vocabulary, mental stereotypes, etc. Therefore, this\u0000 monograph can be the beginning of a whole trend in modern Byzantine studies. At the same\u0000 time, the authors point to a number of aspects which are addressed only in part or not\u0000 dealt with at all by the British researcher, while their study could contribute to a\u0000 more comprehensive understanding of Leo the Wise’s personality and his reign.","PeriodicalId":435723,"journal":{"name":"Stratum plus. Archaeology and Cultural Anthropology","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115399184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ornitomorphic Plots on Radial Temporal Rings: Semantics and Mythological Origins 径向时间环上的鸟胚情节:语义学和神话起源

Stratum plus. Archaeology and Cultural Anthropology Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.55086/sp225259272

Evgenii Shinakov, A. Chubur

{"title":"Ornitomorphic Plots on Radial Temporal Rings: Semantics and Mythological\u0000 Origins","authors":"Evgenii Shinakov, A. Chubur","doi":"10.55086/sp225259272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55086/sp225259272","url":null,"abstract":"Radial temporal rings (earrings, head pendants) serve for some direct aesthetic\u0000 purposes, but also for ethnic identification, status-ranking and have a symbolic-sacred\u0000 value. The article addresses one of the least studied group in this category of jewelry.\u0000 Dents on the inside of the handle here are replaced by some cast ornitomorphic figures.\u0000 A typological correlation analysis made it possible to highlight 3 insulated variants\u0000 and 4 types. The defining feature is the iconography and semantics of the image\u0000 associated with a certain layer of mythology. The motives of Iranian and Byzantine art\u0000 are traced (some motives find analogies in Volga Bulgaria). Some of the images go back\u0000 to the Perm beast style and Finno-Ugric mythology. One variant has some contrast\u0000 versions for the explanation of its semantics: Oriental, Christian and Scandinavian (the\u0000 plot “Odin and crows”), transformed through the Perm animal style. All this complex\u0000 picture can find an explanation in the geopolitical and cross-cultural situation of the\u0000 bearers of this jewelry at the end of the 9 th — mid 10th centuries. These items were\u0000 found on the lands of the late Romenskaya and final Luka-Raykovetskaya cultures\u0000 (Vyatichi, Severians, Radimichi, Drevlyane, and in borderlands populated by the Tivertsi\u0000 and White Croats).","PeriodicalId":435723,"journal":{"name":"Stratum plus. Archaeology and Cultural Anthropology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121148892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

“Bacteriological Attack” of 1346 in Kaffa and Magical Practices of Medieval Nomads 1346年在卡法的“细菌攻击”和中世纪游牧民族的魔法实践

Stratum plus. Archaeology and Cultural Anthropology Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.55086/sp22599108

Artem A. Porsin

{"title":"“Bacteriological Attack” of 1346 in Kaffa and Magical Practices of Medieval\u0000 Nomads","authors":"Artem A. Porsin","doi":"10.55086/sp22599108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55086/sp22599108","url":null,"abstract":"Gabriel de Mussy’s report, apparently recorded from the words of eyewitnesses of\u0000 the event, is a convincing description of one of the first facts in human history of the\u0000 use of “bacteriological weapons”. Allegedly, during the siege of the Crimean city of\u0000 Kaffa by the Golden Horde troops of Khan Dzhanibek, a plague epidemic broke out among\u0000 the soldiers. Then the besiegers began to throw the bodies of the dead into the city\u0000 with the help of stone throwers, after which the epidemic broke out there as well. Many\u0000 of the townspeople fled on ships and arrived in Italy by sea, thus bringing the disease\u0000 to Europe. De Mussy’s report is criticized or accepted by different authors with a\u0000 different set of arguments, but both points of view are built on the basis of the\u0000 assumption that the nomads bombarded the city with corpses and tried to spread an\u0000 epidemic to it in order to facilitate the assault. However, de Mussy’s text directly\u0000 says that this action was a gesture of desperation and was carried out after the Mongols\u0000 had lost interest in the siege. The article compares the actions of the Golden Horde\u0000 army in 1346 in Kaffa with the practices that, according to Russian and Polish sources,\u0000 were used by nomads in Southwestern Russia during the campaign against Poland in\u0000 1287—1288, when there was also an epidemic. This comparison, in the context of accounts\u0000 on how the Mongols of the imperial period understood the manifestation of a deadly\u0000 infectious disease, allows to conclude that, perhaps, the practices recorded by de Mussy\u0000 had a magical, rather than a rational meaning.","PeriodicalId":435723,"journal":{"name":"Stratum plus. Archaeology and Cultural Anthropology","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130039532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Equestrian Equipment and Horse Harness from Ciepłe in Northern Poland in the Light of Archaeometallurgical Examinations 波兰北部Ciepłe的马术装备和马具的考古冶金检验

Stratum plus. Archaeology and Cultural Anthropology Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.55086/sp225395408

Paweł Kucypera, Sławomir Wadyl, Paweł Gan

{"title":"Equestrian Equipment and Horse Harness from Ciepłe in Northern Poland in the Light\u0000 of Archaeometallurgical Examinations","authors":"Paweł Kucypera, Sławomir Wadyl, Paweł Gan","doi":"10.55086/sp225395408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55086/sp225395408","url":null,"abstract":"Archaeological investigations carried out at the early medieval cemetery in Ciepłe\u0000 in northern Poland have yielded arms and equestrian equipment deposited in chamber\u0000 graves belonging to the local elite. This study is based on elements of equestrian\u0000 equipment and horse harness which were found in graves 35, 42 and 43. Based on the few\u0000 metallographic analyses of European iron spurs, stirrups and bits dated between the 10th\u0000 and 11th centuries, it may be suggested that the artifacts from Ciepłe were forged from\u0000 bloomery low-carbon metal with low to medium phosphorus content. The objects and their\u0000 parts (bits) are single- and multiple-piece forgings of varying degrees of complexity.\u0000 The greatest skill was required in the manufacturing of stirrups, which in the case of\u0000 the Ciepłe set are all composite products, each welded from two or three pieces of iron.\u0000 Also included in this group are the bit sides from grave 43, both of which were made by\u0000 joining together two chunks of metal. The remaining items, i. e. mouthpiece links, side\u0000 plates, rings of horse bits, spurs, separators for stirrup leathers and bridle ferrules\u0000 are hot formed objects, forged from single pieces of iron. All of the non-ferrous metal\u0000 decorations of the equestrian equipment and horse harness were made in the so-called\u0000 false damascening technique. The surface of the plating was also sometimes decorated\u0000 with an additional negative drawing, sometimes lavish and rich in detail.","PeriodicalId":435723,"journal":{"name":"Stratum plus. Archaeology and Cultural Anthropology","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134218509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mythology Armed with a Shovel, or Is Archaeology of the Supernatural Possible? 用铲子武装的神话，还是超自然的考古学?

Stratum plus. Archaeology and Cultural Anthropology Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.55086/sp225345360

A. Beskov

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Execution on a Moonless Night: on the Question of the Sacredness of the Execution of a Death Sentence in the Golden Horde 无月之夜的处决:论金帐汗国执行死刑的神圣性问题

Stratum plus. Archaeology and Cultural Anthropology Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.55086/sp225109114

Yuriy Seleznev

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Captain Alexander Sieniawski, Coat of Arms Leliwa, and his Cavalry Unit in 1557 1557年，亚历山大·西尼亚夫斯基上尉和他的骑兵部队

Stratum plus. Archaeology and Cultural Anthropology Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.55086/sp225427434

Aleksander Bołdyrew, Tadeusz Grabarczyk

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Cult and Religious Concepts among the Medieval Nomads of the Southern Urals (Based on the Materials of the Uelga Burial Complex) 中世纪乌拉尔南部游牧民族的宗教观念与崇拜(基于乌尔加墓葬群的资料)

Stratum plus. Archaeology and Cultural Anthropology Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.55086/sp2254564

Sergey Botalov

{"title":"Cult and Religious Concepts among the Medieval Nomads of the Southern Urals (Based\u0000 on the Materials of the Uelga Burial Complex)","authors":"Sergey Botalov","doi":"10.55086/sp2254564","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55086/sp2254564","url":null,"abstract":"In the High Middle Ages in the multicultural environment of the nomads of the\u0000 Ural-Kazakhstan steppes the necessity was maturing for entry into the area of a\u0000 mono-religious spiritual space. Manichaeism, which appeared in Central Asia as the state\u0000 religion of the Uyghur Khaganate, subsequently spread widely to the west among the\u0000 Altai, East Kazakhstan and South Ural nomadic communities. This is indicated by vivid\u0000 pictorial images (Nestorian — Christian cruciform plaques, scenes of Buddhist-Christian\u0000 images and paired birds of the Tree of Life), which have become widespread in silver or\u0000 polymetallic headset toreutics. This is clearly seen in the materials of the Uelgi\u0000 burial complex. The reason for this process was not only in the indirect western\u0000 expansion of the Uyghur Khaganate and a little later the Kyrgyz Khaganate, but in the\u0000 unusual popularity of Manichaeism. It was the universal religion closest to the pagan\u0000 Ugric-Tengrian pantheism. Consequently, it is no coincidence that the symbolism and\u0000 involved images in visual practice include peculiar markers of Zoroastrianism,\u0000 Christianity, Buddhism, and Manichaeism itself.","PeriodicalId":435723,"journal":{"name":"Stratum plus. Archaeology and Cultural Anthropology","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132839659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0