Cross-Currents-East Asian History and Culture Review最新文献_第6页

Chosŏn-Qing Tributary Discourse: Transgression, Restoration, and Textual Performativity Chosŏn-Qing朝贡话语:越界，恢复，和文本表演

Cross-Currents-East Asian History and Culture Review Pub Date : 2018-06-01 DOI: 10.1353/ACH.2018.0011

Joshua Van Lieu

{"title":"Chosŏn-Qing Tributary Discourse: Transgression, Restoration, and Textual Performativity","authors":"Joshua Van Lieu","doi":"10.1353/ACH.2018.0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ACH.2018.0011","url":null,"abstract":"abstract:In 1864, a fire destroyed the Chosŏn-Qing frontier market for Qing merchants at Kyŏngwŏn on the Tumen River. Unable to supply timbers himself, the Kyŏngwŏn magistrate asked his Qing counterpart across the river in Hunchun, for permission to fell timbers in Qing territory. This request was to evolve into a series of violations of frontier protocol that eventually necessitated a Chosŏn diplomatic mission to Beijing to restore frontier order. Read uncritically, the tributary discourses that facilitated these interactions between Qing and Chosŏn suggest a timeless relationship borne of the forces of the cosmos itself. Taken as empirical accounts, the discourses reveal little of how the two states interacted along their border. Employing close readings of Qing and Chosŏn intergovernmental communications, this article argues that the most important question is not what these texts are about but rather what they do. Emerging scholarship in international relations and other fields employing models of a Chinese tributary system must be careful in using tributary discourse naïvely to reconstruct the policy and ideological commitments of its participants. To do so is to mistake the performative for the descriptive.","PeriodicalId":43542,"journal":{"name":"Cross-Currents-East Asian History and Culture Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/ACH.2018.0011","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44263739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Not There for the Nutmeg: North Korean Advisors in Grenada and Pyongyang's Internationalism, 1979–1983 《不是为了肉豆蔻:1979-1983年在格林纳达的朝鲜顾问和平壤的国际主义

Cross-Currents-East Asian History and Culture Review Pub Date : 2018-06-01 DOI: 10.1353/ACH.2018.0012

Benjamin R. Young

{"title":"Not There for the Nutmeg: North Korean Advisors in Grenada and Pyongyang's Internationalism, 1979–1983","authors":"Benjamin R. Young","doi":"10.1353/ACH.2018.0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ACH.2018.0012","url":null,"abstract":"abstract:This article looks at North Korea's relationship with Grenada, a small Caribbean spice island, from 1979 to 1983 as a case study of Pyongyang's socialist internationalism during the Cold War era. Compared to capitalist globalization's emphasis on profits, markets, and competition, socialist internationalism gave priority to sacrifice, comradeship, and solidarity. As a postcolonial Eastern-bloc nation with one foot in the socialist Second World and the other foot in the anticolonial Third World, North Korea sent advisors, military specialists, equipment, and supplies to recently decolonized nations in Africa, southern Asia, and Latin America as a way to export its peculiar brand of anti-imperialism and spread its image abroad as the legitimate Korean government. The North Korean leadership viewed the socialist Grenadian government as brave revolutionaries fighting U.S. imperialism in the Caribbean. Thus, the North Koreans offered large amounts of free assistance to the Grenadian government. However, in October 1983, U.S. armed forces invaded Grenada and removed the socialist leadership from power. North Korea's support of the distant Grenadian Revolution demonstrates the extent to which the regime in Pyongyang committed itself financially, politically, and ideologically to the tenets of socialist internationalism.","PeriodicalId":43542,"journal":{"name":"Cross-Currents-East Asian History and Culture Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/ACH.2018.0012","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46116279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Imagining China's Children: Lower-Elementary Reading Primers and the Reconstruction of Chinese Childhood, 1945–1951 想象中国的孩子：小学阅读初级读本与中国童年的重建，1945-1951

Cross-Currents-East Asian History and Culture Review Pub Date : 2018-03-01 DOI: 10.1353/ACH.2018.0006

Carl Kubler

{"title":"Imagining China's Children: Lower-Elementary Reading Primers and the Reconstruction of Chinese Childhood, 1945–1951","authors":"Carl Kubler","doi":"10.1353/ACH.2018.0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ACH.2018.0006","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT:In the years following the Second Sino-Japanese War (1937–1945), Chinese conceptions of children and childhood underwent a massive transformation. In particular, Communist educators in Northeast China and other parts of the country placed a new labor-oriented ideal of childhood at the center of the nation's modernizing project. This article focuses on two issues related to this \"remaking\" of Chinese childhood in the mid-twentieth century. First, how did lower-elementary reading primers and other textbooks help create for children the idea of a Chinese nation, of which they were part and with which they were expected to identify above and beyond the domestic spheres of their natal families? Second, how did such textbooks teach children to think of themselves as laboring contributors to national causes? Following the physical and emotional devastation of war, Communist textbooks reordered the social world of children not by resubjugating them under traditional Confucian hierarchies but by elevating them to the position of national co-subject. Moreover, productive labor—framed through agriculture, industry, and military service—became one of the primary criteria for children's inclusion into the nation. Through narrative, linguistic, and visual means, midcentury textbooks increasingly brought children into the fold of an imagined national community and, simultaneously, extended to society's youngest members the importance of productivity as the primary condition of their inclusion.","PeriodicalId":43542,"journal":{"name":"Cross-Currents-East Asian History and Culture Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/ACH.2018.0006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42073752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Networks, Parties, and the "Oppressed Nations": The Comintern and Chinese Communists Overseas, 1926–1935 网络、政党和“被压迫的国家”：共产国际与海外中国共产党人，1926–1935

Cross-Currents-East Asian History and Culture Review Pub Date : 2017-12-02 DOI: 10.1353/ACH.2017.0019

A. Belogurova

引用次数: 15

Mapping the Forgotten Colony: The Ogasawara Islands and the Tokugawa Pivot to the Pacific 绘制被遗忘的殖民地：小笠原群岛和德川幕府通往太平洋的枢纽

Cross-Currents-East Asian History and Culture Review Pub Date : 2017-12-02 DOI: 10.1353/ACH.2017.0015

J. Rüegg

{"title":"Mapping the Forgotten Colony: The Ogasawara Islands and the Tokugawa Pivot to the Pacific","authors":"J. Rüegg","doi":"10.1353/ACH.2017.0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ACH.2017.0015","url":null,"abstract":"abstract:In 1862, Japan's Tokugawa shogunate claimed the Ogasawara Islands, a small archipelago between Honshu and Guam, as a part of Japan. In the manageable setting of the islands, the shogunate undertook a colonial experiment that revealed changing attitudes toward non-Japanese ethnicities, modern technologies, and maritime space. Through an examination of four maps, this article shows that Japanese intellectuals had been discussing plans for settler colonialism in the Pacific almost a century before Tokugawa leaders began exploring the open sea as an economic space. In the shogunate's two-tiered strategy, agriculture assimilated the land, and law subjected its earlier settlers. This approach provided a foothold for offshore whaling, which transformed the surrounding seas into a space of production. However, expanding the sphere of Tokugawa influence necessitated a redefinition of the Japanese realm. Geographical notions were reshaped to make the overseas territory a part of the Izu archipelago some 700 kilometers farther north, and the presence of Western settlers was countered with narratives of earlier possession and relocation of Japanese individuals. Officials were particularly intrigued by formerly unknown plant and animal species found on the islands. Exploring economic opportunities in the Pacific sphere, they prepared a geopolitical shift that is often associated with Japan's modern empire. This article, by contrast, locates the origins of modern Japan's \"pelagic empire\" well before the Meiji Reform and shows how expansionism was reconciled with earlier perceptions of geography.","PeriodicalId":43542,"journal":{"name":"Cross-Currents-East Asian History and Culture Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/ACH.2017.0015","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46782444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Introduction 介绍

Cross-Currents-East Asian History and Culture Review Pub Date : 2017-12-02 DOI: 10.1353/ach.2017.0012

Robert Goree

引用次数: 0

Li Yujie and the Rebranding of the White Lotus Tradition 李玉洁与白莲传统的重塑

Cross-Currents-East Asian History and Culture Review Pub Date : 2017-12-02 DOI: 10.1353/ACH.2017.0017

D. Ownby

{"title":"Li Yujie and the Rebranding of the White Lotus Tradition","authors":"D. Ownby","doi":"10.1353/ACH.2017.0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ACH.2017.0017","url":null,"abstract":"abstract:Li Yujie (1900–1994) was a walking contradiction: a student leader of the Shanghai May Fourth movement and a Guomindang member and technocrat in the Nanjing government, but also a cadre in Xiao Changming's redemptive society—the Heavenly Virtues Teachings—and eventually the founder of two redemptive societies in his own right (the Heaven and Man Teachings and the Heavenly Emperor Teachings). Through a biographical study of Li Yujie, this article examines the complex appeal of redemptive societies to parts of the educated elite during China's Republican period. The author focuses particularly on the period between 1937 and 1945, when Li retired to the sacred mountain of Huashan. There, with the help of Huang Zhenxia, a self-taught intellectual also employed by the Guomindang, Li sought to modernize the \"White Lotus\" teachings that he had received from his master by incorporating scientific insights received via spirit writing. Li believed that he was creating a new religion more adapted to the twentieth century. Both the texts produced on Huashan and the military and political elite that were attracted to these texts allow us to raise new questions about secularism and religion, traditional beliefs and science in the context of Republican-period China, thereby suggesting that the conflict between the modernizing state and traditional religious culture was not always as stark as we have believed it to be.","PeriodicalId":43542,"journal":{"name":"Cross-Currents-East Asian History and Culture Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/ACH.2017.0017","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45214195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Meisho zue and the Mapping of Prosperity in Late Tokugawa Japan 梅昭泽与日本德川家康后期的繁荣地图

Cross-Currents-East Asian History and Culture Review Pub Date : 2017-12-02 DOI: 10.1353/ACH.2017.0023

Robert Goree

{"title":"Meisho zue and the Mapping of Prosperity in Late Tokugawa Japan","authors":"Robert Goree","doi":"10.1353/ACH.2017.0023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ACH.2017.0023","url":null,"abstract":"abstract:The cartographic history of Japan is remarkable for the sophistication, variety, and ingenuity of its maps. It is also remarkable for its many modes of spatial representation, which might not immediately seem cartographic but could very well be thought of as such. To understand the alterity of these cartographic modes and write Japanese map history for what it is, rather than what it is not, scholars need to be equipped with capacious definitions of maps not limited by modern Eurocentric expectations. This article explores such classificatory flexibility through an analysis of the mapping function of meisho zue, popular multivolume geographic encyclopedias published in Japan during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. The article's central contention is that the illustrations in meisho zue function as pictorial maps, both as individual compositions and in the aggregate. The main example offered is Miyako meisho zue (1780), which is shown to function like a map on account of its instrumental pictorial representation of landscape, virtual wayfinding capacity, spatial layout as a book, and biased selection of sites that contribute to a vision of prosperity. This last claim about site selection exposes the depiction of meisho as a means by which the editors of meisho zue recorded a version of cultural geography that normalized this vision of prosperity.","PeriodicalId":43542,"journal":{"name":"Cross-Currents-East Asian History and Culture Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/ACH.2017.0023","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47404773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

China as the Leader of the Weak and Small: The Ruoxiao Nations and Guomindang Nationalism 作为弱小国家领袖的中国：若肖民族与国民党民族主义

Cross-Currents-East Asian History and Culture Review Pub Date : 2017-12-02 DOI: 10.1353/ACH.2017.0018

Craig A. Smith

{"title":"China as the Leader of the Weak and Small: The Ruoxiao Nations and Guomindang Nationalism","authors":"Craig A. Smith","doi":"10.1353/ACH.2017.0018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ACH.2017.0018","url":null,"abstract":"abstract:Frustrated with the \"white imperialism\" of the League of Nations and the \"red imperialism\" of the Third Communist International, a number of Chinese intellectuals began discussing possibilities for a third option during the interwar years. Turning away from liberalism and Marxism, they examined Sun Yat-sen's Three Principles of the People and began working to promote his Principle of Nationalism as a concept that focused on the ruoxiao (weak and small nations) and could liberate people around the world that were suffering under imperialism. This discourse often centered on the possibility of creating a new form of \"International,\" the International of Nations, which would unite the oppressed nations of the world in opposition to the imperialist nations, rather than divide nations along class lines, as Chinese critics perceived the Comintern to do. This article examines Chinese intellectual discussions of a China-centered \"International\" by a variety of writers, including Dai Jitao and Hu Hanmin, from 1925 to 1937. The author shows that, although this discourse on a China-centered \"International of Nations\" influenced intellectuals' perceptions of China's position and responsibility in the world, it was consumed and invalidated by Japanese imperialism, as the Japanese Empire employed a similar discourse of pan-Asianism to justify militarism in the 1930s and 1940s.","PeriodicalId":43542,"journal":{"name":"Cross-Currents-East Asian History and Culture Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/ACH.2017.0018","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45157059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 13

The Local in the Imperial Vision: Landscape, Topography, and Geography in Southern Song Map Guides and Gazetteers 帝国视野中的地方:南宋地图指南和地名辞典中的景观、地形和地理

Cross-Currents-East Asian History and Culture Review Pub Date : 2017-12-02 DOI: 10.1353/ACH.2017.0013

Fan Lin

{"title":"The Local in the Imperial Vision: Landscape, Topography, and Geography in Southern Song Map Guides and Gazetteers","authors":"Fan Lin","doi":"10.1353/ACH.2017.0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ACH.2017.0013","url":null,"abstract":"abstract:This article examines the generation of topographic maps and geographical writings about local regions of the Southern Song (1127–1279). It identifies two distinct yet interrelated models in the making of local regions in maps and writings: first, map guides (tujing 圖經), which were produced and updated regularly at different tiers of local government for administrative purposes; second, a growing number of monographs, some of them also named \"map guides\" (tujing) and others \"gazetteers\" (zhi 志 or difang zhi 地方志), which were compiled by local literati scholars. Upon close examination of these two models, one finds that the local consciousness and identity voiced by the provincial elite were congruous with centralist sentiment and discourse at this time. Specifically, the literati described features of local topographies within an imperial context and in the language of the authorities. Moreover, the wide circulation of these writings also contributed to the collective imagining of a Song Empire in the daily life of the society. In sum, this article argues that there was a close relationship between cartographic discourse and the production of empire at the local level. On the one hand, the state of the Southern Song, traditionally thought to have lost momentum in local control, still proactively maintained regular checks on local geography through mapmaking. On the other hand, local literati strived to establish ties with the central state in various ways while documenting their communities in gazetteers.","PeriodicalId":43542,"journal":{"name":"Cross-Currents-East Asian History and Culture Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/ACH.2017.0013","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44092357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3