Chosŏn-Qing Tributary Discourse: Transgression, Restoration, and Textual Performativity

Q2 Arts and Humanities
Joshua Van Lieu
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引用次数: 3

Abstract

abstract:In 1864, a fire destroyed the Chosŏn-Qing frontier market for Qing merchants at Kyŏngwŏn on the Tumen River. Unable to supply timbers himself, the Kyŏngwŏn magistrate asked his Qing counterpart across the river in Hunchun, for permission to fell timbers in Qing territory. This request was to evolve into a series of violations of frontier protocol that eventually necessitated a Chosŏn diplomatic mission to Beijing to restore frontier order. Read uncritically, the tributary discourses that facilitated these interactions between Qing and Chosŏn suggest a timeless relationship borne of the forces of the cosmos itself. Taken as empirical accounts, the discourses reveal little of how the two states interacted along their border. Employing close readings of Qing and Chosŏn intergovernmental communications, this article argues that the most important question is not what these texts are about but rather what they do. Emerging scholarship in international relations and other fields employing models of a Chinese tributary system must be careful in using tributary discourse naïvely to reconstruct the policy and ideological commitments of its participants. To do so is to mistake the performative for the descriptive.
Chosŏn-Qing朝贡话语:越界,恢复,和文本表演
1864年,一场大火烧毁了图们江Kyŏngwŏn上的Chosŏn-Qing清商边市。由于自己无法供应木材,Kyŏngwŏn知县请求河对岸的珲春的清政府官员允许他在清境内砍伐木材。这一要求演变成一系列违反边境议定书的行为,最终需要Chosŏn外交使团前往北京恢复边境秩序。不加批判地解读,促进清朝和Chosŏn之间互动的朝贡话语暗示了一种由宇宙本身的力量所承载的永恒关系。从经验的角度来看,这些论述几乎没有揭示两国如何在边境上相互作用。通过对清朝和Chosŏn政府间通讯的仔细阅读,本文认为最重要的问题不是这些文本是关于什么的,而是它们做了什么。新兴的国际关系和其他领域的学者在使用中国朝贡体系模型时必须小心使用朝贡话语naïvely来重建其参与者的政策和意识形态承诺。这样做是错误地将表现性当作描述性。
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