Optical Engineering + Applications最新文献

{"title":"Method of polarization-maintaining photonic crystal fiber nonlinear response measurement using phase shift between orthogonal polarization modes","authors":"Miglė Kuliešaitė, J. Pimpė, J. Vengelis, V. Jarutis","doi":"10.1117/12.2676373","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2676373","url":null,"abstract":"Nonlinear refractive index n2 is the material parameter, which is used to describe the strength of phenomena caused by third-order nonlinearity, so measuring it accurately is one of the key tasks of nonlinear optics. Several techniques to estimate n2 of the PCF have been demonstrated, but for example Z-scan is not suitable for any type optical fibers, because this method only allows to estimate n2 of the material preform of the PCF. Other methods, such as four-wave mixing, self-phase modulation, cross-phase modulation allow qualitatively good estimation of n2 only when pump wavelength is close to the zero dispersion wavelength (ZDW) of the optical fiber. In this paper, we present a new method of polarization-maintaining photonic crystal fiber nonlinear refractive index measurement using phase shift between orthogonal polarization modes.","PeriodicalId":434863,"journal":{"name":"Optical Engineering + Applications","volume":"115 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124994880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coherent data system and slow data transmission in a single fiber with ITU grid spacing","authors":"T. Horváth, Jaromir Sima, J. Radil, J. Vojtěch","doi":"10.1117/12.2676743","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2676743","url":null,"abstract":"In the period following the COVID-19 outbreak, there continues to be a demand for high-speed data services and sufficient bandwidth. From a transport network perspective, a coherent system transmits data independent of the specific transmission wavelengths . However, it is desirable to address the transmission of slow signals (e.g., OOK) in the same fiber and their interaction between transmissions. Here, we assess the effect of a slow signal with a low modulation rate in a DWDM network on high-speed (super channel) 800G transmission. To evaluate the effect on high-speed transmission, the Q factor and ESNR parameters provided by the Ciena transmission system were analyzed. For the test setup and the combination of the coherent 800G signal with the standard DFB transceiver signal and 100 GHz spacing. The 800G signal required 112 GHz bandwidth for its transmission. For a path length of 200 km and for modulation rates of the OOK signal ranging from 100 Mbit to 4 Gbit, we found no significant effect on the evaluated parameters of the Q factor and ESNR of the transmitted 800 G signal. The more significant effect on the 800G signal is, the mutual power level of neighboring channels with different modulation types. To limit the mutual influence of adjacent signals, these signals must also be balanced according to their maximum (peak) power level in the transmitted spectrum.","PeriodicalId":434863,"journal":{"name":"Optical Engineering + Applications","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115363848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-sequential ray tracing optical modeling and performance predictions: methodology for evaluating operational performance in imaging and spectral instruments from human eye to large-aperture space telescopes","authors":"D. Ryu","doi":"10.1117/12.2676819","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2676819","url":null,"abstract":"This paper outlines a methodology for evaluating operational performance in imaging and spectral instruments using non-sequential ray tracing (NSRT) optical modeling. The NSRT-based model allows the inclusion of components such as light sources, measurement targets, and optical instruments in a three-dimensional space, similar to computer-aided design (CAD). The proposed model propagates scalar energy and vector information of wavelength-dependent rays from the source through the target and instrument components, thus deriving spectral radiant power, irradiance, and radiance on the detector surface for performance estimation. To verify the effectiveness of this approach, several case studies were conducted, spanning across various scenarios and instrument sizes, demonstrating the versatility of the methodology.","PeriodicalId":434863,"journal":{"name":"Optical Engineering + Applications","volume":"180 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124488498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tapered optical fiber sensor of acid and alkaline solution with MWCNT and alizarin red S","authors":"M. A. Rico-Mendez, R. Selvas-Aguilar, Gerardo Alejandro Montano-González, O. Kharissova, D. Toral-Acosta, Norma Patricia Puente-Ramírez, A. Martínez-Ríos, B. Kharissov, Leonardo Jahir Arévalo Bautista","doi":"10.1117/12.2683629","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2683629","url":null,"abstract":"This work introduces a pH detector based on a Mach-Zehnder Interferometer (MZI) designed to operate in pH 4.0, 7.0, and 10.0 buffer solutions. The sensor utilizes the monitoring for a particular solution comprising Alizarin Red S and OH carbon nanotubes at a wavelength of 1559 nm.","PeriodicalId":434863,"journal":{"name":"Optical Engineering + Applications","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124500439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"View rotation spectacles","authors":"Maik Locher, J. Courtial","doi":"10.1117/12.2676739","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2676739","url":null,"abstract":"We propose novel medical spectacles with the aim to aid in the treatment of torsional diplopia. Using a pixelated approach these may be light, compact and cheap to produce. We found that for a large field of view, or when far from the eye these work well. There was a significant reduction in view quality when close to the eye, especially for the central field of view.","PeriodicalId":434863,"journal":{"name":"Optical Engineering + Applications","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130625960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermal stability of ultrafast laser-generated stress in fused silica","authors":"Carolyn Hokin, Brandon D. Chalifoux","doi":"10.1117/12.2677504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2677504","url":null,"abstract":"Ultrafast Laser Stress Figuring (ULSF) is a new process for shaping thin optics. The stability of ULSF generated stress, at room temperature and at elevated temperatures, is unknown. Exposing laser-figured samples to elevated temperature acts as a proxy for testing long-term stability of ultrafast laser-generated stress. We conducted an isochronal annealing study up to 500 °C, on fused silica wafers, figured with single-Zernike deformation components, measuring their shape after each cycle. We track changes in those deformations, demonstrating that figured samples show small amounts of relaxation under increasing temperature, beginning around 200-300 °C. This suggests ULSF produces stable mirror figuring only up to ~200 °C temperatures. Combined with previous measurements, this suggests ULSF may exhibit long-term stability at room-temperature.","PeriodicalId":434863,"journal":{"name":"Optical Engineering + Applications","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123558785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of astigmatism on the beam quality factor of Hermite-Gauss laser beams","authors":"C. Mabena, Nokwazi Mphuthi, Lebohang Bell, D. Naidoo","doi":"10.1117/12.2677349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2677349","url":null,"abstract":"The influence of phase aberrations on the beam quality factor of Hermite-Gauss beams is investigated. Analytical expressions of the beam quality factor of Hermite-Gauss beams due to astigmatism are derived. The results show that the width of the Hermite-Gauss beams is a significant parameter that determines how much each aberration affects the beam quality factor. This work will be beneficial and contribute to the design and development of high-power laser systems in various applications.","PeriodicalId":434863,"journal":{"name":"Optical Engineering + Applications","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123669869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lightweighting large optomechanical structures in astronomy instrumentation utilising generative design and additive manufacturing","authors":"James T. Wells, Marcell Westsik, Younes Chahid, A. MacLeod, Lawrence Bissell, R. Kotlewski, Scott McPhee, Jonathan Orr, Misael Pimentel Espirindio e Silva, Scott Mckegney, W. Cochrane, C. Breen, C. Atkins","doi":"10.1117/12.2676776","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2676776","url":null,"abstract":"Ground-based astronomical instruments have mass limits to ensure they can operate safely and accurately. Reducing the mass of optomechanical structures relieves mass budget for other components, improving the instrument’s performance. Many industries have adopted generative design (GD) and additive manufacturing (AM; 3D printing) to produce lightweight components. This is yet to be implemented in ground-based astronomical instrumentation; this paper aims to provide insight into the advantages and limitations of this approach. The project studied the Extremely Large Telescope (ELT) Mid-infrared Imager and Spectrograph (METIS) threemirror anastigmat (TMA); comparing the conventional, subtractive machined design with GD-AM designs. The TMA was selected due to its bespoke geometry constrained by an optical path, a conventional design which did not consider mass reduction, the size of the part (615mm × 530mm × 525mm) that necessitated a study of different AM methods, and the operational environment (70K & 10−6 Pa). The study created mass-optimised designs of the TMA using topology optimisation and field-driven design. The performance of these designs was analysed using finite element analysis and optical ray tracing. It was found that GD-AM designs pass the required optical, structural and modal requirements, with a greater than 30% weight reduction when compared to the conventional design. The study investigated wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM), a viable method of manufacturing components of the TMA’s size. To commence the validation of WAAM for cryogenic environments, samples of WAAM aluminium 5356 were created and studied. The internal and external dimensions of two samples were investigated using X-ray computed tomography and the outgassing rate of two sets of three samples were evaluated to quantify the difference between machined and as-built samples.","PeriodicalId":434863,"journal":{"name":"Optical Engineering + Applications","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130129999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ideal thin lens lookalike","authors":"Maik Locher, Adam Cepil, J. Courtial","doi":"10.1117/12.2676895","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2676895","url":null,"abstract":"We design an ideal thin lens lookalike surface using a new free-form optical construction method. The method incorporates a one-to-one correspondence to the desired ideal thin lens, resulting in a set of solvable differential equations. The view through the component was simulated and compared to the view through an ideal thin lens. While the resulting lookalike lens mimicked an ideal thin lens near perfectly, it only works well for one specific position — the design position.","PeriodicalId":434863,"journal":{"name":"Optical Engineering + Applications","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129690706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NUV and DUV high-magnification unified lens objectives: optical design","authors":"D. N. Frolov, O. A. Vinogradova, A. D. Frolov, Alexandr D. Pavlii","doi":"10.1117/12.2678322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2678322","url":null,"abstract":"The operation of the optical system in the short-wave part of the optical spectrum makes it possible to increase the value of the resolution. This is relevant for microscopy using lens objectives. It is proposed to design the monochromatic microscope optics for use in NUV and DUV spectral ranges. Also an increase in the resolution is possible when using immersion, for example, water. Upon reaching increased values of resolution, it is necessary to increase the scale of the image obtained on the microscope. The unification of structural parameters for the same type of lens objectives operating in a given spectral range becomes an original engineering solution.","PeriodicalId":434863,"journal":{"name":"Optical Engineering + Applications","volume":"12 18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125640207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}