{"title":"Scrap of electronics a challenge to recycling activities","authors":"K. Brodersen, D. Tartler, B. Danzer","doi":"10.1109/ISEE.1994.337310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEE.1994.337310","url":null,"abstract":"Information concerning the chemical substances that make up electronic devices is hardly available, so current processing of obsolete electronics is not effective. Providing chemical information by modern analytical chemistry means that electronics scrap is characterized. Based on this knowledge a laboratory scale combination process has been established, which takes care of both, metals and plastics, forming the parts of electronic devices. Considering these chemical aspects, a more ecological design of future electronics is possible.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":434669,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 1994 IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and The Environment","volume":"107 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116664079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The role of DFE in the pollution prevention strategy of an aerospace producer","authors":"J. Flynn","doi":"10.1109/ISEE.1994.337240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEE.1994.337240","url":null,"abstract":"An organization framework is described to accomplish \"pollution prevention\" utilizing principals of concurrent engineering and life cycle analysis. This total pollution prevention approach features an alignment of purpose of three teams: an Environmental Design Team, an Environmental Technology Team, and a Waste Minimization Steering Committee. Company wide policy standards, established by this consolidated team, drive pollution prevention. The need is discussed for technology development to eliminate pollution prevention barriers and an algorithm is presented for weighting diverse criteria when establishing technology program priorities. Some Pollution Prevention Alliances within the aerospace industry and between the aerospace industry and the electronics industry are discussed, including a current DFE tools development program. The presentation will particularly focus on approaches taken by \"Environmental Design Team\" to ensure environmental considerations at the earliest stages of product definition. These approaches include: Environmental Design Guidelines, Blanket Substitution Specifications, Part Family specific Environmental Norms, and a \"Walk-The-Process\" methodology for identifying pollution prevention opportunities and setting part family specific goals. A CAD system is described which puts, at the fingertips of designers, information required to apply \"environmental consideration\" at the point of design.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":434669,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 1994 IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and The Environment","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115695301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Prioritizing impacts: the second stage of life cycle assessment","authors":"T. Graedel","doi":"10.1109/ISEE.1994.337293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEE.1994.337293","url":null,"abstract":"The first stage of life cycle assessment, inventory analysis, may be complex in practice but is conceptually straightforward. The second stage, impact assessment, is much more conceptually difficult, because it ultimately involves making choices among different impacts on the environment. Several techniques for impact assessment of specific products have been proposed; none has yet seen general use. This paper presents and discusses some of the product ranking systems in use, analyzes their favorable and unfavorable characteristics, and suggests steps that can assist engineers in life cycle analyses even while techniques for relative ranking of environmental impacts remain under development.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":434669,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 1994 IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and The Environment","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130681207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A life cycle inventory and tradeoff analysis vapor degreasing versus aqueous cleaning","authors":"M. S. Callahan","doi":"10.1109/ISEE.1994.337255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEE.1994.337255","url":null,"abstract":"The life cycle inventory and tradeoff analysis conducted in this study explores the impacts of vapor degreasing with 1,1,1 Trichloroethane versus aqueous cleaning. To perform the assessment of tradeoffs, an impact analysis matrix was developed and employed. Results show that impact comparisons made at the local or shop level cannot be extrapolated to predict impacts on a global level. While vapor degreasers may use less energy than an aqueous cleaning system to operate, the production of chlorinated solvent is a major energy consumer which offsets any advantage.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":434669,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 1994 IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and The Environment","volume":"267 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122752781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The energy bucket and a not-so-drop-in-the-bucket portion of the waste stream, consumables","authors":"Dennis McGavis","doi":"10.1109/ISEE.1994.337247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEE.1994.337247","url":null,"abstract":"Hewlett-Packard's Network Printer Division (NPR), a LaserJet contributor to the Computer Products Organization (CPO), has helped launch a product stewardship program with the objective to provide products and services that are environmentally sound throughout their life cycle and conduct operations worldwide in an environmentally responsible manner. NPR's product mix includes high speed LaserJet network printers, network software, and network educational programs. Their business is characterized by rapid technology changes, short development life cycles and highly competitive, global markets. Energy use and contribution to the waste stream are two environmental stewardship buckets NPR has examined for improvements. The results of these examinations are shared by the authors.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":434669,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 1994 IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and The Environment","volume":"184 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117167568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Automated cleaning of electronic components","authors":"W. Drotning","doi":"10.1109/ISEE.1994.337286","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEE.1994.337286","url":null,"abstract":"Environmental and operator safety concerns are leading to the elimination of trichloroethylene and chlorofluorocarbon solvents in cleaning processes that remove rosin flux, organic and inorganic contamination, and particulates from electronic components. Present processes depend heavily on these solvents for manual spray cleaning of small components and subassemblies. Use of alternative solvent systems can lead to longer processing times and reduced quality. Automated spray cleaning can improve the quality of the cleaning process, thus enabling the productive use of environmentally conscious materials, while minimizing personnel exposure to hazardous materials. In addition, the use of robotic and automated systems can reduce the manual handling of parts that necessitates additional cleaning. The author describes the development of a prototype robotic system for cleaning electronic components in a spray cleaning workcell. An important feature of the prototype system is the capability to generate the robot paths and motions automatically from the CAD models of the part to be cleaned, and to embed cleaning process knowledge into the automatically programmed operations.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":434669,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 1994 IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and The Environment","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121089908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Designing revolution: policy for a clean and healthy electronics industry","authors":"P. Chakrabarti","doi":"10.1109/ISEE.1994.337275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEE.1994.337275","url":null,"abstract":"Design for environment (DFE) has been recognized as a design process that encourages cleaner manufacturing practices in the US electronics industry, along with strengthening industry competitiveness. A variety of opinions and policy alternatives exist as to the most effective means to implement DFE. This paper establishes DFE as a critical issue and evaluates US government policy alternatives for its research and implementation. The paper then makes recommendations based upon these policy evaluations. The research for the paper was conducted during the 1993 Washington Internships for Students of Engineering (WISE) program and was sponsored by IEEE-US Activities.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":434669,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 1994 IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and The Environment","volume":"233 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132007303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"'Green' hardware development process","authors":"L. Kaiser","doi":"10.1109/ISEE.1994.337299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEE.1994.337299","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes one possibility of a methodical procedure concerning the development of more ecological products, i.e. the product has minimum negative influence on the environment during the product phases development, production, operation and end-of-life. This procedure consists of independent steps: ecological product strategy, product specification and an accompanying measurement methodology. In order to control success the latter has been shown to be especially effective. The individual steps of the procedure and the first results of this approach are shown.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":434669,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 1994 IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and The Environment","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115716336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A first step in electronic ecodesign","authors":"H. R. Holt","doi":"10.1109/ISEE.1994.337260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEE.1994.337260","url":null,"abstract":"This paper lays a framework for the development of a methodology that includes environmental and energy conservation considerations in electronic design. Using the basic environmental principles of \"reduce, reuse, and recycle\", a number of design areas are addressed and augmented to include environmental issues. The concept of a design budget that includes environmental costs is introduced, and some suggestions are made on using \"the three Rs\" during the actual design process. Additional techniques are suggested for printed-circuit boards, for determining the proper components, for system manufacturing, packaging, distribution/shipping, and product disposal suggestions are made on development activities to help electronic designers apply environmentally-friendly techniques to the design process and to make decisions on design alternatives. The paper concludes by discussing the current business climate and the acceptance by manufacturing companies of the ecodesign concept.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":434669,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 1994 IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and The Environment","volume":"84 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122530413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Environmental life cycle assessment of face plates used in the telecommunications industry","authors":"K.G. Snowdon","doi":"10.1109/ISEE.1994.337242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEE.1994.337242","url":null,"abstract":"The environmental impact of telecommunications hardware is becoming increasingly important as legislation, customers and employees show heightened concern for the environment. An essential tool in quantifying the environmental impact of a product or process is the use of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). The application of a computerised LCA tool to face plates used in telecommunications equipment to provide mechanical support, interconnection and EMI (Electromagnetic Interference) shielding is described.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":434669,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 1994 IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and The Environment","volume":"119 14","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113961509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}