Proceedings of 1994 IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and The Environment最新文献

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Models for life cycle assessment of manufactured products 制成品生命周期评价模型
R. Tummala, B. E. Koenig
{"title":"Models for life cycle assessment of manufactured products","authors":"R. Tummala, B. E. Koenig","doi":"10.1109/ISEE.1994.337294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEE.1994.337294","url":null,"abstract":"One of the objectives of the life cycle is to evaluate environmental burdens with a product, process or activity by quantifying energy and materials used and wastes released to the environment. The assessment includes the entire life cycle of the product encompassing extraction and processing raw materials, manufacturing, transportation, recycling and disposal. This paper describes a set of mathematical models and a logic framework to systematically arrive at these assessments. This is done by emphasizing the physical aspect of manufacturing systems whose function is to transform raw materials into useful products using physical energy and skill specific human time. Under this theoretical structure, the production system is modularized into networks of processing centers, each of which is represented mathematically by models derived from material and energy balance equations.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":434669,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 1994 IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and The Environment","volume":"519 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123118219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 8
Reducing material use in protective packaging for computer products 减少电脑产品防护包装材料的使用
L. Nielsen
{"title":"Reducing material use in protective packaging for computer products","authors":"L. Nielsen","doi":"10.1109/ISEE.1994.337239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEE.1994.337239","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes the program Digital Equipment Corporation has put in place to address the reduction of packaging wastes and costs. The principles and some of the issues associated with the two phases of the program are described: improvements to existing packaging, and packaging reduction through the new product development process. Examples of various types of projects from both phases are used to illustrate the work of the program and some of the opportunities for packaging reduction in the electronics industry.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":434669,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 1994 IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and The Environment","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116099089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 9
Fluid head-source reduction process technology 流体头源还原工艺技术
G.A. Bendz, M.S. Horan, J.D. Jones, F.A. Tavares
{"title":"Fluid head-source reduction process technology","authors":"G.A. Bendz, M.S. Horan, J.D. Jones, F.A. Tavares","doi":"10.1109/ISEE.1994.337254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEE.1994.337254","url":null,"abstract":"The fluid head is an exciting new technology developed at IBM Endicott. It is based on the fluid bearing principle, where small volumes of high speed fluid, hold and support and process a panel. This process is confined very close to the product and is able to deliver controlled amounts of fluids resulting in: less water usage; emission reduction; better chemical containment; reduced atomization; less hazardous waste; and less energy consumption. In this paper, comparisons of equipment utilizing the fluid head in rinsing, and drying devices are compared with conventional dip and spray processes. Parameters of ionic contamination, debris removal, electrical usage, as well as water usage and reduction in floor space are compared.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":434669,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 1994 IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and The Environment","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114508063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A systematic methodology of material selection with environmental considerations 考虑环境因素的材料选择的系统方法
R.W. Chen, D. Navin-Chandra, T. Kurfess, F. Prinz
{"title":"A systematic methodology of material selection with environmental considerations","authors":"R.W. Chen, D. Navin-Chandra, T. Kurfess, F. Prinz","doi":"10.1109/ISEE.1994.337249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEE.1994.337249","url":null,"abstract":"Increasingly stringent regulations and widely expressed public concerns for the environment highlight the importance of making environmentally oriented decisions in product design. Traditionally, product design has been driven by marketing, economic, engineering, and manufacturing constraints. Until very recently, considerations of the impact that products have on the natural environment have not been included in design decision processes. Products affect the environment at various stages in their life cycle in many ways. Among them is the choice of materials used in the product. The key therefore is to bring environmental concerns into the material selection process. This paper presents a methodology for incorporating environmental considerations in the selection of materials at the design phase. The authors examine the environmental impacts of materials and develop a selection methodology. A case study of material selection in a housing of the electronic device is presented to illustrate their methodology for selecting materials that meet engineering and environmental requirements while maintaining the lowest cost to the manufacturer.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":434669,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 1994 IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and The Environment","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125726777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 27
Resource recovery strategies for end-of-life business machines 报废业务机器的资源恢复策略
J. R. Kirby, D. Pitts
{"title":"Resource recovery strategies for end-of-life business machines","authors":"J. R. Kirby, D. Pitts","doi":"10.1109/ISEE.1994.337308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEE.1994.337308","url":null,"abstract":"This paper identifies the critical aspects of an effective resource recovery strategy for computer equipment and highlights common issues which should be resolved if an original equipment manufacturer (OEM) of computer equipment is to undertake product take back. The roles of procurement, development, manufacturing, and marketing are also described as they interact with recovery centers to increase their effectiveness and financial performance. An overview is provided of a typical recovery center operation to reduce end-of-life machines and manufacturing scrap to raw material streams which can be recycled into new products or sold into noncomputer applications.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":434669,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 1994 IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and The Environment","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114500630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
The strategic and competitive implications of recycling and design for disassembly in the electronics industry 电子工业中回收和拆卸设计的战略和竞争意义
A. Clegg, D.J. Williams
{"title":"The strategic and competitive implications of recycling and design for disassembly in the electronics industry","authors":"A. Clegg, D.J. Williams","doi":"10.1109/ISEE.1994.337272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEE.1994.337272","url":null,"abstract":"Legislation placing responsibility on the primary manufacturer to recover products at the end of their life cycle and recycle/reprocess them in order to minimise dumped waste is being prepared, notably in Germany. Whilst such legislation may primarily be driven by the rapidly declining availability of landfill sites, secondary objectives include the conservation of materials and energy in support of the sustainable development concept. This paper summarises the results of an international survey of the approaches that companies producing electronic consumer goods, household appliances and business machines are adopting to prepare for anticipated legislation on product \"take-back\".<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":434669,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 1994 IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and The Environment","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125922008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 30
Requirements for robot assisted disassembly of not appropriately designed electronic products: lessons from first studies 机器人辅助拆卸设计不合理的电子产品的要求:第一次研究的经验教训
Alexandra Weigl
{"title":"Requirements for robot assisted disassembly of not appropriately designed electronic products: lessons from first studies","authors":"Alexandra Weigl","doi":"10.1109/ISEE.1994.337236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEE.1994.337236","url":null,"abstract":"For environmental and economical reasons future applications in automation may focus on robot assisted disassembly of a large variety of electronic products with the general aim to re-use valuable modules, sub-assemblies and components recovered from old products. This paper presents first activities, investigations and experiments in applying intelligent robots to autonomous disassembly of electronic products. In particular the structure of a flexible robot system, including suitable actuators and sensors is developed and disassembly difficulties which arose in the first experiments are analysed. As a representative example for electronic products a video camera recorder has been selected for practical disassembly experiments. The robot system used within this research work comprises a six-axes robot arm a three-fingered dexterous gripper, a two-jaw-gripper, a wrist force/torque-sensor and a multicamera imaging system.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":434669,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 1994 IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and The Environment","volume":"49 22","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131722074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 22
Energy use: the most important environmental impact of electronic equipment? 能源使用:电子设备对环境最重要的影响?
C. R. Sullivan
{"title":"Energy use: the most important environmental impact of electronic equipment?","authors":"C. R. Sullivan","doi":"10.1109/ISEE.1994.337248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEE.1994.337248","url":null,"abstract":"A large proportion of the environmental impact of electronic equipment occurs through energy consumption during the use phase of the equipment's life cycle. The importance of energy consumption is emphasized through a comparison of the amount of lead in a device's soldered electrical connections and the lead content of the coal needed to fuel a coal-burning power plant supplying the device's energy. The prospects for reducing energy consumption of electronic equipment are discussed. The example of an electronic alarm clock is examined in detail. Incentives for manufacturers to reduce energy consumption of their products are reviewed. Finally, the less direct, but sometimes more important, effects that electronic equipment can have on other types of energy use are addressed.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":434669,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 1994 IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and The Environment","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123261853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Product disposal and re-use issues for portable computer design 便携式电脑设计的产品处理和再利用问题
C. Hendrickson, L. Lave, F. McMichael, D. Siewiorek, A. Smailagic, Tse-Sung Wu
{"title":"Product disposal and re-use issues for portable computer design","authors":"C. Hendrickson, L. Lave, F. McMichael, D. Siewiorek, A. Smailagic, Tse-Sung Wu","doi":"10.1109/ISEE.1994.337297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEE.1994.337297","url":null,"abstract":"Portable computers including laptops, notebooks, sub-notebooks and portable digital assistants are a rapidly growing segment of the computer market. Manufacturers of portable computers have an opportunity to win public praise and to avoid censure and liability by embracing green design and sensible product disposal systems. This paper analyzes the environmental issues associated with disposal, re-use and recycling of these machines, focusing on potential design changes to alleviate environmental burdens. Portable computers can replace larger machines, resulting in lower energy use and lower overall material demand. Since the number of portable computers purchased may be as many as 100 million over the next decade, environmental concerns become increasingly important. Portable computers use batteries with toxic components, so there are disposal or recycling problems. Another significant issue in assessment of disposal and recycling processes is the expected life time of portable computers. Machine design with capability for easy upgrade can be expected to have a longer useful life. The paper uses experience gained in several generations of wearable computer designs at Carnegie Mellon University for illustration.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":434669,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 1994 IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and The Environment","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115980188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 11
Developing an environmental education program case study: Motorola 发展环境教育计划个案研究:摩托罗拉
P. Eagan, J. Koning, W. Hoffman
{"title":"Developing an environmental education program case study: Motorola","authors":"P. Eagan, J. Koning, W. Hoffman","doi":"10.1109/ISEE.1994.337281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEE.1994.337281","url":null,"abstract":"Introducing new methods and design principles throughout large corporations is often difficult and can be time consuming. It is particularly challenging to incorporate new concepts or ideas into corporate culture. Motorola's corporate management however decided to do just that by using an educational vehicle to introduce environmental issues into the company. Motorola approached the Department of Engineering Professional Development (EPD) at the University of Wisconsin-Madison in the Spring of 1992 with an intriguing proposal: to develop two new environmental courses, in a very short time frame, for their employees. Thus, two special courses, to highlight environmental concerns, were developed jointly by the University and Motorola. This unique training approach was used by Motorola in 1993 to affect corporate culture. This paper describes the educational challenges of course design and course content.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":434669,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 1994 IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and The Environment","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121664996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
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