Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists最新文献_第8页

Effect of printing technology, layer height, and orientation on assessment of 3D-printed models 打印技术、层高和方向对 3D 打印模型评估的影响

IF 2.6

Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejwf.2024.03.006

{"title":"Effect of printing technology, layer height, and orientation on assessment of 3D-printed models","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2024.03.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2024.03.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Three-dimensional (3D) printing technologies have become popular in orthodontics. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of printing technology, orientation, and layer height on the accuracy of 3D-printed dental models.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The maxillary arch of a post-treatment patient was scanned and printed at different orientations (0°, 90°) and layer thicknesses (25 µm, 50 µm, 100 µm, and 175 µm) using two different printing technologies (digital light processing and stereolithography). The 120 models were digitally scanned, and their average deviation from the initial model was analyzed using 3D algorithm. A multivariable linear regression analysis was used to estimate the effect of all variables on the average deviation from the initial model for the common layer thicknesses (50/100 µm). Finally, one-way ANOVA and Tukey posthoc test was used to compare the stereolithography (SLA) 25 µm and digital light processing (DLP) 175 µm groups with the groups that showed the least average deviation in the former analysis.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The multivariable linear regression analysis showed that the DLP 50 µm (mean ± SD: −0.022 ± 0.012 mm) and 100 µm (mean ± SD: −0.02 ± 0.009 mm) horizontally printed models showed the least average deviation from the initial model. Finally, the DLP 175 µm horizontally printed models (mean ± SD: 0.015 ± 0.005 mm) and the SLA 25 µm horizontally (mean ± SD: 0.011 ± 0.005 mm) printed models were more accurate.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>All the models showed dimensional accuracy within the reported clinically acceptable limits. The highest accuracy was observed with DLP printer, 175 µm layer thickness, and horizontal orientation followed by SLA printer, 25 µm layer thickness, and horizontal orientation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":43456,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists","volume":"13 4","pages":"Pages 169-174"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140772827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Male-to-female transgenders demonstrated unique perspectives on perceived facial attractiveness and orthognathic surgery need 男变女的变性人在感知面部吸引力和正颌手术需求方面表现出独特的视角。

IF 2.6

Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejwf.2024.03.001

{"title":"Male-to-female transgenders demonstrated unique perspectives on perceived facial attractiveness and orthognathic surgery need","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2024.03.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2024.03.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>The esthetic preference and decision concerning undergoing orthognathic surgery in the transgender population have not been reported. The aims of this study were to examine the influence of the sagittal mandibular position on the esthetic perception and perceived surgery need in male-to-female transgenders (MTFTs) compared with male and female laypeople.</p></div><div><h3>Materials and Methods</h3><p>A questionnaire study was performed by male-to-female transgender, male and female laypeople. Three-dimensional black & white male and female facial images with facial contour angle (FCA) of 3°, 1°, 5°, 9°,13°, 17°, and 21° were shown to the participants. The participants scored the images’ perceived facial attractiveness using visual analog scales (VAS) and indicated whether orthognathic surgery was needed.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The participants included 85 MTFTs, 85 males, and 85 females. The results revealed that there were significant differences in the VAS scores between the MTFT and male participants. The MTFTs rated the male images with prognathism of 1° and -3°FCA in significantly lower scores compared with the males (<em>P</em> = 0.033, <em>P</em> = 0.010). Female images with prognathism 1°FCA was rated by the MTFTs in significantly lower scores compared with the males (<em>P</em> = 0.041). A significantly higher number of surgery needs was found in the MTFTs compared with the other groups.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Gender influences esthetic perception and the decision to undergo orthognathic surgery. MTFTs have a unique perspective on facial esthetics, being more desirous of surgery than males and females. Clinicians should be aware of the ideal expectation in facial esthetics in MTFTs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":43456,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists","volume":"13 4","pages":"Pages 162-168"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140790164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Retrospective evaluation of the success rate and factors associated with the stability of alveolar ridge orthodontic miniscrews: Pilot study 牙槽嵴正畸微型螺钉成功率及稳定性相关因素的回顾性评估：试点研究。

IF 2.6

Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejwf.2024.02.001

{"title":"Retrospective evaluation of the success rate and factors associated with the stability of alveolar ridge orthodontic miniscrews: Pilot study","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2024.02.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2024.02.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>An uncommon location for placing miniscrews, used to provide anchorage control in various tooth movements, is the alveolar ridge. This study aimed to provide an evaluation of the success rate of alveolar ridge miniscrews and examine variables that might impact their success.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Charts for 295 patients who had miniscrews were screened. Twenty patients (5 male and 15 female: average age = 38.15 ± 15.10 years) with a total of 50 alveolar ridge miniscrews were analyzed. A customized data form was used to collect patients’ and miniscrews’ related variables. Kaplan–Meier estimator was used for the survival function, whereas Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to associate collected variables with alveolar ridge miniscrew survival.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>In total, 31 (62.0%) miniscrews were stable and 19 (38.0%) failed. The survival time for those that failed was 6.03 ± 7.08 months. The follow-up period for those that survived was 35.84 ± 19.47 months. Male gender versus female (hazard ratio [HR] 2.46; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.35–4.48; <em>P</em> = 0.003), and if the miniscrew was a replacement versus non-replacement (HR 0.27; 95% CI 0.07–0.99; <em>P</em> = 0.048) influenced the survival. Additionally, miniscrews that were used for both indirect and direct or indirect anchorage alone plus those with evidence of splinting showed a 100% survival rate, which led to an HR 0 (<em>P <</em> 0.001). When the previously mentioned variables were modeled, none seemed to have a significant effect on failure except for splinting and type of anchorage (<em>P <</em> 0.001), because none of the splinted miniscrews failed.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The failure rate of alveolar ridge miniscrews was (38.0%) over 6.03 ± 7.08 months. The survival rate was (62.0%) over 35.84 ± 19.47 months. The evidence of splinting and the type of anchorage had a significant effect on survival probability.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":43456,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists","volume":"13 4","pages":"Pages 181-188"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140766325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Uprighting a mesially impacted mandibular second molar with scissor bite using simple tubes 使用简易管道上提患有剪刀式咬合的下颌第二磨牙。

IF 2.6

Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejwf.2024.02.002

引用次数: 0

Integrating artificial intelligence: A step forward in orthodontic education 整合人工智能：正畸教育向前迈进了一步。

IF 2.6

Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejwf.2024.07.002

Vinod Krishnan

引用次数: 0

Bilateral distalization of maxillary first molars in a group of adult patients after extraction of maxillary second molars using infra-zygomatic mini-implants: A prospective clinical trial 一组成年患者在拔除上颌第二磨牙后使用颧骨下微型种植体进行上颌第一磨牙双侧远端化：前瞻性临床试验。

IF 2.6

Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejwf.2024.03.005

{"title":"Bilateral distalization of maxillary first molars in a group of adult patients after extraction of maxillary second molars using infra-zygomatic mini-implants: A prospective clinical trial","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2024.03.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2024.03.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>It is now possible to predictably distalize maxillary first molars in nongrowing patients with the infra-zygomatic gear distalizer and to improve malocclusions without having to extract the premolars and regardless of the patient's compliance. The purpose of this study was to investigate the amount and rate of distal movement of the maxillary first molars using our proposed appliance after extraction of maxillary second molars.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Ten nongrowing female patients successfully treated with our proposed appliance were the subjects of this study. The amount, rate, and type of distalization, were analyzed through upper jaw cone beam computed tomography (pre- and post-treatment) and scanned casts taken on a monthly interval.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The average amount of distalization of the maxillary first molars was 4.03 mm at the crown level and 2.88 mm at the root level. The rate of distalization had an average of 0.61 mm per month with a maximum of 0.79 mm in the first month because of the regional acceleratory phenomena after extracting the maxillary second molar.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The maxillary first molars were distalized in a significant manner and all patients reached a Class I relation within an average duration of 6.4 months. The proposed appliance proved to be a viable noncompliance modality to distalize maxillary first molars correcting maxillary Class II malocclusions characterized by maxillary protrusion or maxillary incisor crowding.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":43456,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists","volume":"13 4","pages":"Pages 155-161"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140779319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

3D analysis of upper airway morphology related to obstructive sleep apnea severity 与阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停严重程度相关的上气道形态三维分析。

IF 2.6

Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejwf.2024.03.003

{"title":"3D analysis of upper airway morphology related to obstructive sleep apnea severity","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2024.03.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2024.03.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is the most common sleep-related breathing disorder characterized by repetitive collapse of the upper airway during sleep. However, little evidence is available on the differences between the sub-regions of the upper airway morphology and OSA severity. Since orthodontists frequently perform cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) in the neck area, we aimed to investigate the relationship and the differences between upper airway morphology and OSA severity using CBCT.</p></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><p>The medical records, CBCT imaging of 21 OSA patients diagnosed by polysomnography, and the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) results were included to classify OSA severity as mild, moderate, or severe. The minimum cross-sectional areas (MCA) and volumes of the upper pharyngeal airway boundaries in four sub-regions: nasopharynx, retropalatal, retroglossal, and hypopharynx were measured. Dolphin Imaging software was used for upper airway segmentation. The correlation coefficient (r), one-way ANOVA, and the least significant difference post hoc multiple comparison test were applied to fulfill the objectives.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>A statistically significant relationship was found between the MCA of the nasopharynx and the AHI (r = −0.473, <em>P</em> < 0.05). Furthermore, a difference was found between mild and moderate and moderate and severe OSA severity in the MCA results of the retroglossal region (<em>P</em> < 0.05). However, no relationship was found between the upper airway volume and OSA severity.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>MCA was moderately negatively correlated to AHI only in the nasopharynx subregion. Moderate OSA presented significantly less MCA than mild and severe OSA only in the oropharynx and retroglossal subregions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":43456,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists","volume":"13 4","pages":"Pages 175-180"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140855557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Unplanned tooth movement in deepbite correction with Invisalign: A retrospective study 使用隐适美矫正器矫正深咬合时的意外牙齿移动：一项回顾性研究。

IF 2.1

Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejwf.2023.12.008

Mais M. Sadek , Reem Alhashmi

{"title":"Unplanned tooth movement in deepbite correction with Invisalign: A retrospective study","authors":"Mais M. Sadek , Reem Alhashmi","doi":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2023.12.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2023.12.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>This study aimed to investigate unplanned tooth movements in deepbite correction with Invisalign.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The sample consisted of 34 adult patients with deepbite malocclusion treated with Invisalign. Pretreatment and predicted digital models were exported from ClinCheck software, while the post-treatment model was obtained from an intraoral scan taken at the end of the first set of aligners. Digital models’ superimposition was done using the eModel “Compare” software. Frequency and percentage of occurrence of unplanned linear and angular movements, their magnitude, and direction were then determined. In addition, comparison of unplanned movements was performed between anterior and posterior teeth as well as between linear and angular measurements.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The percentage of unplanned movements ranged from 1.68% to 25.63% in the maxilla and 3.36% to 23.95% in the mandible, being most evident in the first and second molars. Unplanned movements were statistically significantly more frequent in posterior teeth compared with the anterior teeth (<em>P</em> > 0.05). In addition, the frequency of angular movements was statistically significantly higher for each tooth than linear movement (<em>P</em> < 0.05) with a higher mean value. Unplanned mesiodistal movements were the least frequent.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Unplanned linear as well as angular movements were evident in almost all teeth. Unplanned faciolingual inclination and mesiodistal angulation movements were the most frequently observed. Unplanned vertical movements can affect the predictability of deepbite correction and thus merit particular attention in those cases.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":43456,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists","volume":"13 3","pages":"Pages 136-144"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139944535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Accuracy of Dolphin Imaging software in predicting soft tissue changes of Class II Division 1 incisor relationship treated by all first premolar extraction compared with post-treatment lateral cephalogram Dolphin Imaging 软件在预测第一前磨牙全部拔除术治疗的 II 类 1 级切牙关系的软组织变化方面的准确性与治疗后侧位头相图的比较。

IF 2.1

Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejwf.2024.01.005

Nikunj Maniyar , A.T. Prakash , H.C. Kiran Kumar , Puja C. Yavagal

{"title":"Accuracy of Dolphin Imaging software in predicting soft tissue changes of Class II Division 1 incisor relationship treated by all first premolar extraction compared with post-treatment lateral cephalogram","authors":"Nikunj Maniyar , A.T. Prakash , H.C. Kiran Kumar , Puja C. Yavagal","doi":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2024.01.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2024.01.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>To quantify the accuracy of Dolphin Imaging software in predicting soft tissue changes of Class II Division 1 incisor relationship treated by all first premolar extraction compared with actual changes.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Pretreatment and post-treatment lateral cephalograms of 30 young adult subjects (25 females and 5 males; age range of 16 to 21 years) were imported and traced in Dolphin Imaging software (version 11.95). Tracings of actual treatment results and the Dolphin predicted treatment outcome were superimposed to calculate the prediction errors. The mean difference for the Holdaway soft tissue analysis and at each landmark was measured in both the X and Y axes. Paired <em>t</em> test was used to compare the statistical differences in Holdaway soft tissue analysis parameters.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>There were significant differences between the predicted and actual values in three parameters of the Holdaway soft tissue analysis (<em>P</em> < 0.05). The overall accuracy of estimation was better in vertical direction than horizontal. Prediction of upper and lower lip landmarks was overestimated horizontally and underestimated vertically, whereas that belonging to chin was underestimated horizontally and overestimated vertically. Soft tissue nasion and soft tissue A-point were most accurately predicted, whereas the least accuracy was found in soft tissue chin region.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Dolphin Imaging Software (version 11.95) can be accurate enough for use in patient communication and education but should be used with caution. It is most accurate in predicting soft tissue changes in the nasion and A-point regions, but least accurate in chin region.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":43456,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists","volume":"13 3","pages":"Pages 128-135"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140176988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

En masse retraction of anterior teeth through rapid periodontal distraction by a retraction screw: A randomized control trial 通过牵引螺钉快速牵引牙周，对前牙进行大规模牵引：随机对照试验。

IF 2.1

Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejwf.2024.01.004

Hibu Dora , Mubasshir Ahmed Shaikh , Seema Gupta , Sameena Begum Maqhbool , Salim Shamsuddin , Saraswati Raghunath Kokate

{"title":"En masse retraction of anterior teeth through rapid periodontal distraction by a retraction screw: A randomized control trial","authors":"Hibu Dora , Mubasshir Ahmed Shaikh , Seema Gupta , Sameena Begum Maqhbool , Salim Shamsuddin , Saraswati Raghunath Kokate","doi":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2024.01.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2024.01.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Rapid distraction of the periodontal ligament is an effective method to shorten the orthodontic treatment time. The objectives of the present study were to assess the effects of an HYCON device (Adenta GmbH, Germany) on the rate of en masse retraction of the anterior teeth, duration of retraction, anchorage loss, root resorption, and soft tissue changes.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This study was conducted on 60 female patients aged >18 years, divided randomly into two equal groups: Group 1 comprised 30 patients with HYCON, and group 2 comprised 30 patients with nickel-titanium closed coil springs. Skeletal, dental, and soft tissue changes were evaluated on pre- and post-retraction lateral cephalograms, and the rates of anterior tooth movement and anchorage loss were assessed monthly on the dental casts of the patients. Root resorption was assessed using intraoral periapical radiograph. Student's <em>t</em> test was used for the analysis of parametric data, and the Mann-Whitney <em>U</em> test was used for nonparametric data.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>HYCON significantly shortened the retraction duration by 3 months. The rate of anterior teeth retraction was two times faster in group 1, compared with group 2. There was a significant difference in the anchorage loss between the groups in only first 2 months of treatment. Group 2 showed significantly more root resorption and soft tissue changes than group 1 (<em>P</em> < 0.05).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>HYCON is an effective device for significantly shortening the duration of retraction with anchorage loss of 2 to 2.5 mm. However, careful monitoring for possible root resorption should be performed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":43456,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists","volume":"13 3","pages":"Pages 113-122"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140176989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0