Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists最新文献

{"title":"25 - Article analysis of bone and gingival thickness in different palatal regions using cone-beam computed tomography in subjects with and without maxillary transverse deficiency","authors":"Gustavo Favarato Ruy ,&nbsp;Selly Sayuri Suzuki ,&nbsp;Aguinaldo Silva Garcez ,&nbsp;Caroline Binda ,&nbsp;Pedro Paulo Dalla de Andrade","doi":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.07.029","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.07.029","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Transverse maxillary deficiency is a highly prevalent malocclusion, present in all age groups, in individuals who have already passed the bone growth phase, using techniques of maxillary disjunction assisted by mini-implants. The objective was to compare measurements in different regions of the palatine bone and soft tissue of the palate in Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) in individuals with and without transverse maxillary deficiency, identifying the most favorable sites for insertion of mini implants. The research consisted of a retrospective study with 65 CBCT, 16 tomographies of men and 15 of women, 31 years old on average, with transverse maxillary deficiency. And, 14 tomographies of men and 20 of women, with an average of 33.3 years without transverse maxillary deficiency. The measurements were obtained in 3 positions on the hard palate: distal of the first premolar, distal of the second premolar and distal of the first molar. Statistical analyses were performed using the Shapiro-Wilk test and paired t-test. The results showed that the thickness of the palatine bone was greater in the distal region of the first premolars, decreasing in the distal regions of the second premolars and first molars, with the highest values being at the palatine suture in both groups. Gingival thickness was greater in group A at the distal region of the first premolars. The width of the palatine vault bone ridge was greater in group B at the height of the alveolar bone crest. The width of the gingival ridge was greater at the height of the alveolar bone crest at the distal region of the second premolars in group B, while in group A it was at the distal region of the first molars. The thickness of the gingival mucosa was greater in group A at the median height of the root in the distal region of the first molars. The anatomical structure of the palatine bone differs greatly between individuals, making it important to analyze CBCT for planning the palatine mini-implants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":43456,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists","volume":"14 6","pages":"Page 406"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145705656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"28 - Artificial intelligence in upper airway assessment: A pilot study in Class III patients undergoing orthognathic surgery","authors":"Joberth Rainner Baliza De Paula ,&nbsp;Liris Cristina Nepomuceno Pinto ,&nbsp;Luana Karine Amaro Silva ,&nbsp;Arthur Cunha ,&nbsp;Henrique Martins Da Silveira ,&nbsp;José Augusto Mendes Miguel","doi":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.07.032","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.07.032","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Advances in artificial intelligence (AI) in dentistry have been driven by improvements in data processing, algorithmic programming, and computational software. In recent decades, the rapid development of AI has enhanced safety in orthodontics, improving diagnostic predictability and treatment planning efficiency. This pilot study aimed to evaluate the use of AI in assessing upper airway dimensions in Class III patients undergoing bimaxillary orthognathic surgery. The software 3D Slicer (Version 5.9.0, Revision 33451) was used and compared with Dolphin Imaging^Ⓡ (Chatsworth, Califórnia,. EUA). Six patients (mean age: 18.7 ± 2.42 years; mean BMI: 26.5 ± 7.2 kg/m²) underwent upper airway measurements before surgery (T0) and six months postoperatively (T1). The mean airway area (AA) and airway volume (AV) using 3D Slicer were 1,403 ± 416 mm² at T0 and 1,405 ± 143 mm² at T1, and 35,687 ± 12,924 mm³ at T0 and 35,026 ± 4,307 mm³ at T1. The mean airway area and airway volume using Dolphin Imaging^Ⓡ were 1,526 ± 375 mm² at T0 and 1,528 ± 182 mm² at T1, and 36,921 ± 11,672 mm³ at T0 and 36,260 ± 3,980 mm³ at T1. A correlation matrix using Pearson's coefficients was employed for analysis. Overall, correlations were moderate (0.5 &lt; |r| &lt; 0.7) but not statistically significant (p &gt; 0.05). Strong correlations (|r| &gt; 0.7) were observed, such as T0 AA Dolphin and T0 3D Slicer (r = 1.000, p &lt; 0.001). Bland-Altman analyses were also performed, estimating bias, lower and upper agreement limits, and 95% confidence intervals. The results demonstrated a small mean bias (-2.50) but wide agreement limits. The AI-based 3D Slicer software demonstrated comparable performance to Dolphin Imaging^Ⓡ in measuring upper airway dimensions in Class III patients undergoing orthognathic surgery. The correlation analysis indicated a strong agreement between the two methods, though not all correlations were statistically significant. Bland-Altman analysis showed minimal bias but large agreement ranges, suggesting some variability between the two software programs. Further studies with larger sample sizes are recommended to validate these findings and refine AI applications in airway assessment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":43456,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists","volume":"14 6","pages":"Page 407"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145705660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"80 - Digital orthodontic planning: A practical guide for orthodontists clincheck for invisible aligners","authors":"Letícia Vieira Koch ,&nbsp;Jurandir Barbosa ,&nbsp;Roberta Basting ,&nbsp;Victor Angelo Martins Montalli","doi":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.07.084","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.07.084","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The digital tools currently available provide numerous new possibilities for planning and diagnosis in orthodontics. Among the technological innovations, the digital execution of orthodontic setups stands out, replacing the previously used plaster models. This technology is widely employed in the fabrication and planning of clear aligners, both in-office and by specialized companies. Data interpretation and the study of this new planning approach present challenges for orthodontists in the context of advancing digital orthodontics. This study aimed to develop educational material in the form of an e-book with video lessons, offering a practical approach and serving as a source of consultation and support in the study, interpretation, and management of virtual planning by orthodontists, with the goal of democratizing and facilitating access to this recent tool in digital orthodontics. The educational material was structured into the following topics: history, introduction to virtual planning, analysis of movement complexity, use of auxiliary devices, interproximal reductions, interproximal collisions, staging of movements, and application of attachments. The material was made available for free download through Instagram and a website, with promotional strategies carried out in collaboration with the educational institution and the authors involved. The relevance of the developed material was assessed using the Net Promoter Score (NPS) tool, applied at the end of the reading for users who downloaded the material. The scores obtained indicated excellent acceptance and utilization of the material, highlighting its importance as an educational resource for digital orthodontics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":43456,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists","volume":"14 6","pages":"Page 426"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145705782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"87 - Effects of aging on the mechanical properties of GraphyⓇ orthodontic aligners: An in vitro study","authors":"Vande Vannet Bart ,&nbsp;Ursat Pauline ,&nbsp;Ursat Eric ,&nbsp;Hocquel Thibaut ,&nbsp;Canceill Thibault","doi":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.07.091","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.07.091","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><strong>Background:</strong> Direct 3D printing of aligners using Tera Harz TC-85 material (Graphy^Ⓡ, Seoul, Republic of Korea) eliminates the need for printed dental models, offering a potentially more precise, efficient, and cost-effective alternative. Current guidelines recommend wearing aligners for 22 hours daily and replacing them every 15 days.</div><div><strong>Objectives:</strong> This in vitro study evaluates the mechanical properties of Tera Harz TC-85 aligners at different time intervals (D0, D7, D14) in artificial saliva to assess force delivery and deformation over time.</div><div><strong>Methods:</strong> Eighteen identical Class I aligners (GRAPHY^Ⓡ, Forestadent Bernhard Foerster GmbH^Ⓡ, Pforzheim, Germany) were divided into three groups (D0, D7, D14) and subjected to continuous aging in Fusayama-Mayer artificial saliva (Serlabo Technologies, Vedene, France) at 37°C. Following aging, aligners underwent traction testing using a Universal Testing Machine (LRX Plus Dynamometer Lloyd Instruments) to measure maximum tensile and yield strength.</div><div><strong>Results:</strong> The average rupture force was 169.98 N (SD 32.32, CV 19.02%) at the molars and 222.67 N (SD 35.56, CV 15.97%) at the incisors. Deformation at D0 was significantly different from D7 and D14 in both incisors and molars (p &lt; 0.001).</div><div><strong>Conclusions:</strong> The mechanical stability of Tera Harz TC-85 suggests that aligners should be replaced weekly rather than every 15 days. Direct 3D printing does not reduce the total number of aligners needed, as shape memory becomes unstable over time.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":43456,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists","volume":"14 6","pages":"Page 428"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145705787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"82 - Does the proportion of maxillary and mandibular incisor influence smile aesthetics?","authors":"Juliana Do Espirito Santo Russo ,&nbsp;Rafael Bittencourt ,&nbsp;Sergio Mota-Júnior ,&nbsp;Diego Lorenzoni ,&nbsp;Claudia Mattos","doi":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.07.086","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.07.086","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The exposure of maxillary incisors (MxI) and mandibular incisors (MdI) can influence smile perception, yet its impact on attractiveness needs further investigation.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To evaluate how MxI and MdI exposure affects smile attractiveness perception by laypeople.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The study, approved by the Ethics Research Committee, used photographs of two young female volunteers (extraoral and intraoral) with slightly open mouths. Images were altered in an image manipulation program to remove distracting factors and create 5 variations of incisors exposure: 100% MxI exposure (100MxI), 80% MxI - 20% MdI exposure (80MxI-20MdI), 60% MxI - 40% MdI exposure (60MxI-40MdI), 40% MxI - 60% MdI exposure (40MxI-60MdI), and 20% MxI-80% MdI exposure (20MxI-80MdI). Participants evaluated image attractiveness using a 0-10 visual analog scale through the Qualtrics XM online platform. Statistical analysis employed repeated measures ANOVA.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among 50 evaluators (33 women, 17 men, mean age 36 years), images showing 100MxI (mean 7.48) and 80MxI-20MdI (mean 7.73) received significantly higher attractiveness scores than the remaining images. Attractiveness scores decreased progressively with increased MdI exposure, with 40MxI-60MdI and 20MxI-80MdI rated least attractive (mean 3.55 and 2.37, respectively).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The MxI-MdI exposure proportion significantly influenced smile aesthetic perception, with greater MxI exposure considered more attractive.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":43456,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists","volume":"14 6","pages":"Page 426"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145705251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"7 - A Corrective technique for transverse maxillary deficiency: MARPE or SARPE?","authors":"Manal Sabour ,&nbsp;Meryem Bellamine ,&nbsp;Ihsane Benyahya","doi":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.07.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.07.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Transverse maxillary deficiency (TMD) is characterized by a constricted maxilla, leading to functional and aesthetic issues. It typically involves maxillary expansion to improve occlusion and facial harmony. Among the available methods, Surgically Assisted Rapid Palatal Expansion (SARPE) and Mini- screw Assisted Rapid Palatal Expansion (MARPE) are two primary techniques used for correcting TMD, particularly in adult patients.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This systematic review aims to compare indications, advantages, limitations, and clinical outcomes of both techniques.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The research was carried out across 3 scientific databases: PubMed, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library. Studies were selectively screened for relevance, adhering to PRISMA guidelines. The quality assessment of studies was performed using the RISK-OF-BIAS 2 tool for randomized trials and ROBINS-I for cohort studies.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>MARPE is ideal for moderate deficiencies in younger patients with partially fused sutures, non-surgical nature allows for quicker recovery and fewer complications . Whereas SARPE is preferred for severe deficiencies in adults with fully fused sutures. highly effective for complex cases, requiring surgery, longer recovery time and higher costs.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Ultimately, The choice between MARPE and SARPE should be individualized, based on a thorough evaluation of the patient’s clinical condition, age, and treatment goals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":43456,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists","volume":"14 6","pages":"Page 399"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145705252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"4 - A comparative study of mandibular kinematics in an orthodontic population using optical jaw tracking technology","authors":"Ariana Azevedo ,&nbsp;Joana Silva ,&nbsp;Eugénio Martins ,&nbsp;Alberto Canabez ,&nbsp;Domingo Martin ,&nbsp;Conchita Martin","doi":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.07.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.07.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Mandibular kinematics is essential for assessing orofacial functions and understanding dysfunctions related to different types of malocclusion. Recording real-time mandibular dynamics aids in understanding kinematics, essential for treatment planning and outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To analyze mandibular kinematics within an orthodontic population employing the Modjaw optical tracking system.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A total of one hundred fifty-four patients participated in this observational study. Initial orthodontic records were analyzed. Mandibular kinematics was recorded using Modjaw^Ⓡ. Skeletal and dental parameters were determined by cephalometric analysis (ANB angle for skeletal classification).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Significant variations in mandibular kinematics were detected across skeletal classes. The findings indicate that maxillomandibular relationships have a direct influence on mandibular movement and orthodontic treatment planning.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Individuals classified as Class III demonstrated significantly lower values in multiple key parameters, indicating that skeletal classification is crucial in influencing mandibular kinematic characteristics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":43456,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists","volume":"14 6","pages":"Page 398"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145705197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"71 - Dentoskeletal effects of digital cast herbst+hyrax appliance in the treatment of a Class II/1 malocclusion: A case report","authors":"Nermin Taghiyeva ,&nbsp;F. Deniz Uzuner","doi":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.07.075","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.07.075","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Herbst appliance is a fixed functional appliance used in the treatment of skeletal Class II anomaly. This case report presents the skeletal and dental changes achieved using a digital cast Herbst appliance combined with hyrax screw in the treatment of a 15-year-old male patient with skeletal Class II anomaly. The growing male patient (mp3u) has skeletal Class II anomaly with maxillary prognathism (SNA:86°, SNB:80°), low angle pattern (SNGoGn:25°), Class II Division 1 malocclusion, 8mm overjet and 2.5 mm maxillary crowding. The digital oral scanning was done by iTero^Ⓡ and on 3D models, digital cast of the combined Hyrax+Herbst appliance was designed. The digital cast Herbst appliance was used with a total duration of 7 months. The hyrax screw was activated 2 months; twice (0.25 mm per turn) weekly in the first, once weekly in the second month, for a total of 12 turns. During the treatment the appliance was well tolerated. After treatment, significant improvement was observed in convex facial profile, SNA angle decreased to 82°, SNB angle to 78°, mild posterior rotation occurred (SNGoGn:28°) and the molar relationship was corrected to bilateral Class I. Maxillary incisors demonstrated notable retrusion and 1-NB increased from 4 mm to 6 mm, reflecting minor proclination. The 3 mm activation of the expansion screw translated into an approximate 2 mm increase in transverse arch width. This reduced maxillary crowding from 2.5 mm to 0.5 mm. The retrusion of maxillary incisors and maxilla was favorable for this patient that may contributed to the combined application of the Hyrax and the Herbst. Whereas no mandibular advancement had occurred which may attribute to the mandibular posterior rotation. As a conclusion, expansion combined with Herbst treatment is suitable for the patients with skeletal Class II anomaly due to maxillary protrusion with low angle tendency and maxillary incisor protrusion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":43456,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists","volume":"14 6","pages":"Page 423"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145705203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"64 - Corrosion- related alterations in surface properties and roughness of orthodontic wires","authors":"Martin Adriazola ,&nbsp;Marcelo Goiato ,&nbsp;Fernanda Vicioni-Marques ,&nbsp;VIctor Perinazzo Sachi ,&nbsp;Livia Maria Alves Valentim ,&nbsp;André Pinheiro de Magalhaes Bertoz","doi":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.07.068","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.07.068","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Abstract</h3><div>The surface characteristics of orthodontic wires play a crucial role in their clinical performance, particularly when exposed to varying oral environments. This study aimed to investigate the surface free energy and surface roughness (SR) of metallic alloys under the influence of acid solutions.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The experiment involved the use of 270 rectangular wire samples measuring 0.019 × 0.025 in. These samples were sourced from three different commercial brands: Dentsply GAC, American Orthodontics, and Orthoclassic. This in vitro study categorized the samples into three groups based on the solutions employed: deionized water, citric acid, and phosphoric acid. Each group consisted of 90 samples, with 30 samples representing each type of alloy—stainless steel, nickel-titanium, and titanium molybdenum alloy (TMA). The wire segments were immersed in their respective solutions for 72 hours at a controlled temperature of 37 °C, with continuous orbital agitation at 130 rpm. After the immersion period, the study analyzed both surface free energy and SR. The mean values obtained were subjected to an analysis of variance at a significance level of 5%.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>All alloys displayed hydrophobic behavior, as indicated by interaction free energy values &lt; 0. In acidic environments (phosphoric acid and citric acid), significant differences were observed among different brands and alloys, affecting surface energy and interaction free energy. Variations in SR among metallic alloys included steel with the lowest SR variations, followed by nickel-titanium and TMA. Notably, the TMA alloy stood out with significantly higher surface energy compared with that of the other alloys (P &lt; 0.001).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>In this study, all examined alloys demonstrated a hydrophobic nature, suggesting a limited attraction to water. Notably, TMA exhibited the least hydrophobic behavior among the alloys studied. However, when exposed to citric acid, TMA displayed the most substantial alterations in its surface properties. These results underscored the significance of accounting for the distinctive properties of each alloy and their responses to diverse challenges, such as exposure to acidic solutions, during the selection of orthodontic wires for orthodontic treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":43456,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists","volume":"14 6","pages":"Pages 420-421"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145705256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"59 - Comparison of U1-Sn and Lip E-lines with orthodontic standards","authors":"Clarimar Soto ,&nbsp;Andrea Gonzalez-Carbonell ,&nbsp;Lydia Lopez-Del Valle ,&nbsp;Sona Rivas-Tumanyan","doi":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.07.063","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.07.063","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>It has been shown that Puerto Ricans, both male and female, have prominent lips compared to Caucasians. In orthodontics, patients are evaluated using standards established based on Caucasian populations. Therefore, it would be ideal to establish a standard norm for lip soft tissue values based on Puerto Rican population values.</div></div><div><h3>Aims</h3><div>To examine and compare the Upper Lip-Esthetic line and Lower Lip-Esthetic line values in the lateral cephalometric radiographs of adult Puerto Ricans patients of the UPR-Graduate Orthodontics Clinic with cephalometric norms.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This is a Cross-sectional study of 34 orthodontic dental records and lateral cephalometric radiographs. The study was conducted by tracing pre-treatment lateral cephalometric radiograph in Dolphin Imaging Program of patients with normal inclination of maxillary incisors between 18-35 years old. We collected three variables: the axial inclination of the most labial maxillary incisor, the upper lip and the lower lip to a line from the nose’s tip to soft tissue pogonion called esthetic line. Selection criteria included patients with U1-Sn measurement within the normal value (102.9° ±5.5°) according to the ABO 2012 cephalometric analysis and lips at normal rest position in cephalometric radiograph. Ricketts’s soft tissue measurement values (in mm) were summarized in terms of means (standard deviations) and medians (interquartile ranges). The study group estimates were compared to the esthetic norms using one-sample t-test or one-sample median test (at alpha = 0.05). Sample size provided us with over 97% power to detect a 1 mm difference (with 1 mm SD) from the norm.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Mean U1-Sn for females was 103.39 SD= 2.88 and for males 103.44 SD= 2.95. Mean Upper Lip-EL -1.32 SD= 2.01 for females and -2.51 SD=2.98 for males. Mean Lower Lip-EL was 1.81 SD=1.73 for females and 0.75 SD=3.63 for males. No statistical differences were found for gender and mean U1-Sn, Upper Lip-EL and Lower Lip-EL (p value 0.967, 0.18 and 0.29) respectively. Lips in the Puerto Rican sample studied are more procumbent than what cephalometric norms suggest.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Clinical and statistical differences were found for Upper Lip-EL and Lower Lip-EL measurements in the PR population compared to orthodontic standards.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":43456,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists","volume":"14 6","pages":"Pages 418-419"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145705311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}