Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists最新文献

{"title":"From Artificial intelligence (AI) to Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) – the road ahead","authors":"Vinod Krishnan (Editor-in-Chief)","doi":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.01.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2025.01.002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43456,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists","volume":"14 1","pages":"Pages 1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143102156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The use of ChatGPT and Google Gemini in responding to orthognathic surgery-related questions: A comparative study","authors":"Ahmed A. Abdel Aziz ,&nbsp;Hams H. Abdelrahman ,&nbsp;Mohamed G. Hassan","doi":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2024.09.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2024.09.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aim</h3><div>This study employed a quantitative approach to compare the reliability of responses provided by ChatGPT-3.5, ChatGPT-4, and Google Gemini in response to orthognathic surgery-related questions.</div></div><div><h3>Material and Methods</h3><div>The authors adapted a set of 64 questions encompassing all of the domains and aspects related to orthognathic surgery. One author submitted the questions to ChatGPT3.5, ChatGPT4, and Google Gemini. The AI-generated responses from the three platforms were recorded and evaluated by 2 blinded and independent experts. The reliability of AI-generated responses was evaluated using a tool for accuracy of information and completeness. In addition, the provision of definitive answers to close-ended questions, references, graphical elements, and advice to schedule consultations with a specialist were collected.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Although ChatGPT-3.5 achieved the highest information reliability score, the 3 LLMs showed similar reliability scores in providing responses to orthognathic surgery-related inquiries. Moreover, Google Gemini significantly included physician recommendations and provided graphical elements. Both ChatGPT-3.5 and -4 lacked these features.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study shows that ChatGPT-3.5, ChatGPT-4, and Google Gemini can provide reliable responses to inquires about orthognathic surgery. However, Google Gemini stood out by incorporating additional references and illustrations within its responses. These findings highlight the need for an additional evaluation of AI capabilities across different healthcare domains.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":43456,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists","volume":"14 1","pages":"Pages 20-26"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142570124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Three-dimensional assessment of alveolar bone changes and root resorption in extraction patients after fixed orthodontic treatment: A prospective study","authors":"Himani Gupta ,&nbsp;Vinay Kumar Chugh ,&nbsp;Rinkle Sardana ,&nbsp;Navleen Kaur Bhatia ,&nbsp;Pravin Kumar ,&nbsp;Surjit Singh","doi":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2024.08.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2024.08.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The aim of this study was to evaluate the alveolar crestal bone height, alveolar bone thickness, and root resorption in mandibular incisors after fixed orthodontic treatment.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A total of 35 patients (mean age 17.02 ± 3.24 years) with moderate to severe mandibular anterior crowding requiring first premolar extraction were included. Cone beam computed tomography scans of the mandibular anterior region were obtained from the patients before and after orthodontic treatment. The alveolar crestal bone height, cortical bone thickness (CBT) (at apex and midroot level), labial and lingual alveolar bone thickness, and root resorption were assessed for all mandibular incisors. Paired Student's <em>t</em> test was used to compare pretreatment and post-treatment alveolar bone changes and root resorption.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A significant decrease in lingual crestal bone height was observed in all mandibular incisors after orthodontic treatment (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). Lingual CBT decreased at the midroot level significantly for all mandibular incisors after completion of orthodontic treatment (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). A significant decrease in total lingual bone thickness was observed in all mandibular incisors (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). Root lengths of mandibular incisors decreased significantly in the sagittal and coronal sections after orthodontic treatment (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Fixed orthodontic treatment with premolar extraction results in a significant reduction of alveolar crestal bone height, CBT (at midroot level), and alveolar bone thickness on the lingual aspect of mandibular incisors. Significant orthodontically induced inflammatory root resorption was observed in all mandibular incisors after orthodontic treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":43456,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists","volume":"14 1","pages":"Pages 27-33"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142477162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge, attitude, and perception of orthodontic students, and orthodontists regarding role of artificial intelligence in field of orthodontics—An online cross-sectional survey","authors":"Seema Gupta,&nbsp;Santosh Verma,&nbsp;Arun K. Chauhan,&nbsp;Mainak Saha Roy,&nbsp;Wangonsana Rajkumari,&nbsp;Chirag Sahgal","doi":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2024.08.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2024.08.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Artificial intelligence (AI) is an emerging technology in orthodontics. The objective of this survey was to evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and perception (KAP) of orthodontists and postgraduate students regarding the plausible employment of AI within the realm of orthodontics.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>An observational, cross-sectional, online questionnaire survey was conducted with 440 participants (264 postgraduates and 176 faculty members). The questionnaire was divided into four domains: Part A, focused on sociodemographic characteristics, Part B (eight questions) identifying the basic knowledge of the participants about the use of AI in the field of orthodontics, Part C (six questions) assessing the participants’ perceptions of the use of AI, and Part D (five questions) assessing the attitudes of participants towards AI. The KAP scores of the participants regarding the use of AI in the field of orthodontics were assessed using a three-point Likert scale for 17 questions and two multiple-choice questions. Responses were analyzed using the chi-square test, Kruskal–Wallis test, and Mann–Whitney test.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 266 participants completed the survey, and the majority agreed with the use of AI in the field of orthodontics, particularly for 3-dimensional diagnosis of orthognathic surgeries, cephalometric analysis, and prediction of treatment outcomes. Most participants felt that AI training should be incorporated into the postgraduate curriculum (73%), and were willing to incorporate it into clinical practice (74%). Barriers to the use of AI were high costs, lack of technical knowledge, and lack of awareness. The participants’ KAP scores showed a weak negative correlation with age, years of experience, and designation.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The present study concluded that most of the participants were optimistic about the future of AI in orthodontics. Although most orthodontists and postgraduate students had knowledge of AI, there were many barriers to its use in the field of orthodontics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":43456,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists","volume":"14 1","pages":"Pages 3-11"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142356060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Periosteum response to static forces stimulates cortical drifting: A new orthopedic target","authors":"Mani Alikhani ,&nbsp;Mona Alikhani ,&nbsp;Chinapa Sangsuwon ,&nbsp;Serafim P. Oliveira ,&nbsp;Fanar Abdullah ,&nbsp;Cristina C. Teixeira","doi":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2024.07.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2024.07.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The mechanism of cortical bone adaptation to static forces is not well understood. This is an important process because static forces are applied to the cortical bone in response to the growth of soft tissues and during Orthodontic and Orthopedic corrections. The aim of this study was to investigate the cortical bone response to expanding forces applied to the maxilla.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Overall, 375 adult Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups: 1) static force group, 2) static force plus stimulation group, and 3) sham group. In addition to static force across the maxilla, some animals were exposed to anti-inflammatory medication. Samples were collected at different time points and evaluated by micro-computed tomography, fluorescence microscopy, immunohistochemistry, and gene and protein analyses.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The application of expansion forces to the maxilla increased inflammation in the periosteum and activated osteoclasts on the surface of the cortical plate. This activation was independent of the magnitude of tooth movement but followed the pattern of skeletal displacement. Bone formation on the surface of the cortical plate occurred at a later stage and resulted in the relocation of the cortical boundary of the maxilla and cortical drifting.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study demonstrates that cortical bone adaptation to static forces originates from the periosteum, and it is an inflammatory-based phenomenon that can be manipulated by the clinician. Our findings support a new theory for cortical adaptation to static forces and an innovative clinical approach to promote cortical drifting through periosteal stimulation. Being able to control cortical drift can have a significant impact on clinical orthodontic and dentofacial orthopedics by allowing corrections of severe deformities without the need for maxillofacial surgery.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":43456,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists","volume":"13 6","pages":"Pages 293-302"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142113202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Orofacial dysfunction in cleft lip and palate patients using the nordic orofacial test-screening","authors":"Neda Eslami ,&nbsp;Erfan Bardideh ,&nbsp;Pourya Tatari ,&nbsp;Lohrasb Dehghani","doi":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2024.05.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2024.05.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>The Nordic Orofacial Test-Screening (NOT-S) protocol serves as a widely recognized tool for assessing orofacial dysfunction comprehensively. This study aimed to compare orofacial dysfunction between unilateral (UCLP) and bilateral (BCLP) cleft lip and palate patients using the NOT-S.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and Methods</h3><div>This descriptive cross-sectional study enrolled 104 patients, comprising 72 with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) and 32 with bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLP) referred to the cleft lip and palate clinic of Mashhad Dental School. Orofacial dysfunction was assessed using the Nordic Orofacial Test-Screening (NOT-S), which includes a structured interview and clinical examinations encompassing 6 domains each. Statistical analysis utilized Mann–Whitney, Fisher's exact, and Chi-square tests, with significance set at <em>P</em> &lt; 0.05.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>No significant differences were found in structured interview (<em>P</em> = 0.45), clinical examination (<em>P</em> = 0.45), or total NOT-S score (<em>P</em> = 0.11) between the two types of cleft lip and palate.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Based on NOT-S assessment, patients with unilateral (UCLP) and bilateral (BCLP) cleft lip and palate exhibited comparable orofacial dysfunctions. In the structured interview, the most prevalent issues were identified in the domain of chewing and swallowing for both cleft types. In clinical examination, unilateral cleft lip and palate patients commonly experienced facial problems at rest, while bilateral cleft lip and palate patients frequently encountered challenges with speaking. However, these differences were not statistically significant.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":43456,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists","volume":"13 6","pages":"Pages 288-292"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141724670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dr. Lawrence F. Andrews (1929–2024)","authors":"Will A. Andrews DDS","doi":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2024.11.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2024.11.004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43456,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists","volume":"13 6","pages":"Pages 310-311"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142757532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the potential applications of intraoral scanners in the treatment of cleft lip and palate deformity—A scoping review of literature","authors":"Karthik Sennimalai ,&nbsp;Madhanraj Selvaraj ,&nbsp;Hamza Parvez Siddiqui ,&nbsp;Nitika Monga ,&nbsp;Kathijathul Hidhaya Sameemullah","doi":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2024.06.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2024.06.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>In the realm of cleft lip and palate (CLP) care, the integration of intraoral scanners (IOS) may offer a promising avenue, enabling precise digital imaging, record-keeping, treatment planning and execution. This scoping review aimed to explore the current applications of IOS in CLP patients and discuss potential future directions for optimizing the utilization of IOS in cleft care.</div></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><div>The review was registered apriori in the Open Science Framework (OSF) Registries (<span><span>https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/KPD34</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>). A systematic search was conducted across various databases like Ovid MEDLINE, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, Grey literature, and Trial registries using a broad search strategy. The articles published in any language till December 20, 2023 were considered. Studies that demonstrated the application of intraoral scanning in nonsyndromic CLP patients were included. A validated sixteen-item content assessment tool was used to evaluate the included studies. Two independent reviewers performed data extraction and content assessment.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Fifteen research studies and thirteen case reports/series were included in the final analysis. Various applications included capturing intraoral and extraoral images, scanning orthodontic study models, assessing dental changes, monitoring treatment changes related to nasoalveolar molding therapy, and fabricating appliances. The content assessment showed below-average mean scores of 34.79 ± 9.37% for research studies and 39.7 ± 0.14% for case reports/series. This can be attributed to insufficient information on scanning parameters, methodology, accuracy, patient outcomes, limitations, and potential solutions. The reproducibility of landmark identification in IOS was within 0.2 mm. Patients and caregivers preferred digital impressions over traditional alginate methods, reporting positive experiences in 84.8% of cases.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Intraoral scanners offer good clinical accuracy and validity in assessing dentofacial and nasolabial morphology in cleft patients. Adopting IOS can streamline clinical workflows, enhance treatment accuracy, and improve patient outcomes in managing cleft lip and palate.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":43456,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists","volume":"13 6","pages":"Pages 265-278"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141856779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microplastics and orthodontic aligners: The concerns arising from the modernization of practice through polymers and plastics","authors":"Nearchos Panayi ,&nbsp;Spyridon N. Papageorgiou ,&nbsp;George Eliades ,&nbsp;Theodore Eliades","doi":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2024.10.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2024.10.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Plastic aligners have transformed orthodontics, offering a discreet, comfortable, and aesthetically pleasing alternative to traditional fixed appliances. While they have advantages over fixed appliances, they come with environmental and health concerns due to the use of nonbiodegradable plastics, such as the leaching of Bisphenol-A (BPA) and microplastics that can impact human health directly through ingestion. Studies have shown that plastic aligners release microplastics during use, raising concerns about their potential health effects and environmental pollution. The potential health effects of ingested microplastics extend beyond gut microbiota disruption to impact various systems in the body. Research suggests that microplastic exposure can lead to respiratory complications, cardiovascular risks, and implications for brain health and cognitive function. The mechanisms of microplastic uptake into the body through inhalation, ingestion, and skin contact are essential for understanding how these particles interact with human tissues and organs. By prioritizing patient safety, responsible practices, and advancing scientific knowledge the orthodontic community can work towards mitigating the potential health impacts associated with microplastic exposure from aligners.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":43456,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists","volume":"13 6","pages":"Pages 259-264"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142682224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transforming orthodontic care: Integrating the biopsychosocial model for optimal patient outcomes","authors":"Vinod Krishnan (Editor-in-Chief)","doi":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2024.11.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejwf.2024.11.002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43456,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists","volume":"13 6","pages":"Pages 257-258"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142757531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}