SA Journal of Radiology最新文献

{"title":"Differentiation between various types and subtypes of intracranial meningiomas with advanced MRI.","authors":"Mousam Panigrahi,&nbsp;Narendra K Bodhey,&nbsp;Saroj K Pati,&nbsp;Nighat Hussain,&nbsp;Anil K Sharma,&nbsp;Arvind K Shukla","doi":"10.4102/sajr.v26i1.2480","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/sajr.v26i1.2480","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Meningiomas are the most prevalent of all intracranial tumours. Although they are mostly benign, about 20% of meningiomas are atypical or malignant. Knowledge of their histologic grade can be clinically useful while planning surgery.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To differentiate between various grades and subtypes of meningiomas with advanced MR parameters.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We assessed the advanced MR imaging characteristics of 27 histopathologically confirmed meningiomas on a 3T MRI, of which 23 were grade I meningiomas (2 fibroblastic, 9 meningothelial, 9 transitional, 3 unspecified) and 4 were grade II/III meningiomas (2 atypical, 1 papillary, 1 anaplastic). Analysis of the ADC, FA, λ1, λ2, λ3 and mean diffusivity was performed using standard post-processing software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean size of atypical meningiomas (5.9 cm ± 0.7 cm) was significantly higher (<i>p</i> = 0.038, 95% confidence interval [CI]) than that of typical meningiomas (4.6 cm ± 1.6 cm) with a cut-off value of 6.05 cm (75% sensitivity and 87% specificity). The mean cerebral blood flow (CBF) (ASL) of atypical meningiomas (286.70 ± 8.06) was significantly higher (<i>p</i> = 0.0000141, 95% CI) than that of typical meningiomas (161.09 ± 87.04) with a cut-off value of 276.75 (66.7% sensitivity and 75% specificity). Among the typical meningiomas, transitional subtypes had the lowest ADC. High FA and planar coefficient (CP) values and low λ3 and spherical coefficient (CS) values were seen in fibroblastic meningiomas. Fibroblastic meningiomas also showed the lowest vascularity among typical meningiomas.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Tumour size and ASL perfusion are two parameters that could differentiate between typical and atypical meningiomas while ADC, FA, λ3, CP, CS, rCBF and rCBV may be helpful in distinguishing different subtypes of typical meningiomas.</p>","PeriodicalId":43442,"journal":{"name":"SA Journal of Radiology","volume":" ","pages":"2480"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9634949/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40446723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radiation induced cataracts in interventionalists occupationally exposed to ionising radiation.","authors":"André Rose,&nbsp;William I D Rae,&nbsp;Margaret A Sweetlove,&nbsp;Lumko Ngetu,&nbsp;Mohamed A Benadjaoud,&nbsp;Wayne Marais","doi":"10.4102/sajr.v26i1.2495","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/sajr.v26i1.2495","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Occupational exposure to ionising radiation may have detrimental health effects. Longer and more complex fluoroscopic procedures have placed interventionalists at increased occupational health risks especially for developing cataracts in the radiosensitive lenses of the eyes.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to determine the prevalence of occupational related cataracts and describe the risk factors for cataracts in occupationally exposed interventionalists compared with unexposed doctors.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A cross-sectional study using multiple methods. A survey was conducted. The radiation workload was determined based on a self-administered questionnaire and dose area product values determined in previous studies. Both groups had slit lamp examinations. The data were analysed analytically using R software version 9.3.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study included 98 interventionalists. The combined prevalence of posterior sub-capsular (PSC) and cortical cataracts was 18.8% in the exposed and 13.9% in the unexposed group. The prevalence of PSC cataracts in the exposed group was 5.9% and 2.8% in the unexposed group, with an odds ratio (OR) of 2.2 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.58; 8.61). Posterior sub-capsular cataracts were more common in the left eye. The increase in cataracts was not statistically significant in the exposed group but is of clinical significance.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings are important as they highlight the need for greater vigilance for protecting the radiation healthcare workforce in a developing country setting.</p><p><strong>Contribution: </strong>The research is the first of its kind in South Africa and Africa and contributes to determining the prevalence in this highly skilled and occupationally vulnerable group.</p>","PeriodicalId":43442,"journal":{"name":"SA Journal of Radiology","volume":" ","pages":"2495"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9575381/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40646892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic yield and accuracy of paediatric image-guided fine needle aspiration biopsy of deep organ tumours.","authors":"Tichayedza Bondera,&nbsp;Pawel Schubert,&nbsp;Anel van Zyl,&nbsp;Richard Pitcher,&nbsp;Asif Bagadia","doi":"10.4102/sajr.v26i1.2485","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/sajr.v26i1.2485","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Paediatric tumour cytological diagnosis by image-guided fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) with rapid on-site evaluation (ROSE) has not gained wide acceptance despite increasing publications advocating the procedure.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The primary aim was an audit of the diagnostic yield and accuracy of paediatric image-guided FNAB with ROSE at a single institution. Evaluation of safety was a secondary aim.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Details of consecutive cases of paediatric image-guided FNAB with ROSE for suspected non-benign deep-seated lesions performed from 01 January 2014 to 30 April 2020 were retrieved from the institutional radiology and laboratory databases. Diagnostic yield and accuracy were evaluated using clinico-pathological-radiological correlation and/or subsequent histological specimen diagnosis correlation. Complications and the frequency of key radiological features potentially affecting yield and accuracy were described.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 65 cases retrieved, cytology showed malignancy in 52, benign features in five and one indeterminate diagnosis; seven samples were insufficient for cytological assessment. Of the 65 cases, 58 had subsequent formal histological diagnosis. The overall diagnostic yield was 98.5%, with 94.5% sensitivity, 100.0% specificity, 100.0% positive predictive value, 75.0% negative predictive value and 95.3% diagnostic accuracy. All cases (<i>n</i> = 26) demonstrating restricted diffusion on MRI yielded adequate samples and cyto-histopathological correlation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Paediatric image-guided FNAB with ROSE has a relatively high diagnostic yield, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and accuracy in the diagnosis of deep-seated tumours. The relatively low negative predictive value may reflect insufficient samples obtained from cystic and/or benign lesions. Sampling from areas of restricted MRI diffusion may enhance diagnostic yield.</p>","PeriodicalId":43442,"journal":{"name":"SA Journal of Radiology","volume":" ","pages":"2485"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9575341/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40646891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temporal trends in ultrasound utilisation in the radiology department of a tertiary hospital.","authors":"Nwabisa Siyeka,&nbsp;Michelle Da Silva,&nbsp;Richard D Pitcher","doi":"10.4102/sajr.v26i1.2449","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/sajr.v26i1.2449","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Little is known about the combined impact of increasing ultrasound usage by clinical disciplines outside radiology and technical advances in other specialised radiological modalities on the role of ultrasound in tertiary-level radiology departments.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The aim of this study was to evaluate temporal trends in ultrasound utilisation in a tertiary-level radiology department.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>An institutional review board-approved retrospective descriptive study in the radiology department of Tygerberg Hospital (TBH). The nature and number of ultrasound performed in 2013 and 2019 were retrieved from the TBH radiology information system (RIS). These were compared, expressed as a proportion of the overall annual radiology workload and stratified by location (ultrasound suite, interventional suite, mammography suite). Ultrasound suite examinations were analysed by body part and age (0-13 years; > 13 years) and interventional suite workload by procedure.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The overall radiology workload decreased by 8%, reflecting the interplay between decreased plain radiography (-19%) and general fluoroscopy (-0.3%) and increased computed tomography (27%), magnetic resonance (23%) and fluoroscopically guided procedures (22%).There was a 12% increase in ultrasound utilisation. Ultrasound remained the second most common specialised imaging investigation throughout, after computed tomography. Ultrasound suite services were stable (-1%) representing a balance between decreased abdominal (-22%) and arterial (-16%) scans, and increased musculoskeletal (67%), small part (65%) and neonatal brain scans (41%). There were substantial increases in interventional (90%) and mammography suite (199%) services.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Ultrasound remains a key modality in the tertiary-level radiology department, with an evolving pattern of clinical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":43442,"journal":{"name":"SA Journal of Radiology","volume":" ","pages":"2449"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9453146/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33461882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stereotactic breast biopsies: Radiological-pathological concordance in a South African referral unit.","authors":"Natasha Alexander,&nbsp;Ilana Viljoen,&nbsp;Susan Lucas","doi":"10.4102/sajr.v26i1.2463","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/sajr.v26i1.2463","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Stereotactic breast biopsies have become the gold standard for tissue diagnosis in non-palpable, sonographically occult breast abnormalities seen on mammogram. Only limited data exist in South Africa on the correlation between imaging findings and stereotactic biopsy histology.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To describe the mammographic findings and histological diagnosis in patients who underwent stereotactic breast biopsy at a referral hospital. In addition, to evaluate the proportion of malignancy in each Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) category.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A retrospective review of stereotactic breast biopsies was performed. Imaging characteristics (including BI-RADS category) and histological diagnosis were recorded. Using histopathology, cases were classified as benign, high-risk or malignant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 131 biopsies, from 123 patients, were included in the study. Most biopsies were performed on asymptomatic patients (79.3%, 104/131). The majority were categorised as BI-RADS 4 and demonstrated calcifications. Histology revealed a malignant diagnosis in 40 (30.5%) patients, a high-risk lesion in 8 (6.1%) patients and a benign diagnosis in 83 (63.4%) patients. There was a stepwise increase in the proportion of malignancy from BI-RADS category 3 to 5. When compared with surgical histology, the stereotactic biopsies demonstrated an overall ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) underestimation rate of 10.3%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Despite resource restrictions, stereotactic breast biopsies performed in a South African context produce radiological-pathological concordance in keeping with BI-RADS guidelines, as well as with local and international studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":43442,"journal":{"name":"SA Journal of Radiology","volume":" ","pages":"2463"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9453183/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33461883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effectiveness of the pregnancy adapted YEARS algorithm to safely identify patients for CT pulmonary angiogram in pregnant and puerperal patients suspected of having pulmonary embolism.","authors":"Riaan Potgieter,&nbsp;Piet Becker,&nbsp;Farhana Suleman","doi":"10.4102/sajr.v26i1.2454","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/sajr.v26i1.2454","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pulmonary thromboembolism is one of the leading causes of maternal death worldwide. Globally there has been increasing physician reliance on CT pulmonary angiogram for definitive diagnoses and exclusion of pulmonary thromboembolism. The problem, however, arises when considering the high radiation penalty from performing these investigations, highlighted by the low diagnostic yield. Of recent, the pregnancy-adapted YEARS algorithm has shown promise in international studies as a possible alternative for stratifying risk of pulmonary thromboembolism during the pregnancy and puerperal period.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To determine the effectiveness of the pregnancy adapted YEARS algorithm to safely minimise the number of true negative CT pulmonary angiograms for patients suspected of having pulmonary embolism in our clinical setting.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A cross-sectional study was performed in a tertiary hospital in Gauteng on puerperal and pregnant patients suspected of having pulmonary embolism. We retrospectively applied the pregnancy adapted YEARS algorithm and reviewed the various outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The pregnancy adapted YEARS algorithm proved effective in safely identifying patients for CT pulmonary angiography. By retrospectively applying the algorithm, there could have been a 25.7% scan reduction, whilst maintaining a negative predictive value of 100.0%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>As physician reliance on radiological investigations increases, we must remain cognisant of the added radiation exposure and the long-term adverse effects of ionising radiation. The pregnancy-adapted YEARS algorithm provides a safe, reproducible alternative to aid our bid going forward.</p>","PeriodicalId":43442,"journal":{"name":"SA Journal of Radiology","volume":" ","pages":"2454"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9350534/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40592565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A 6-year audit of public-sector MR utilisation in the Western Cape province of South Africa.","authors":"Yusuf Parak,&nbsp;Razaan Davis,&nbsp;Michelle Barnard,&nbsp;Amanda Fernandez,&nbsp;Keith Cloete,&nbsp;Matodzi Mukosi,&nbsp;Richard D Pitcher","doi":"10.4102/sajr.v26i1.2464","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/sajr.v26i1.2464","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Disparities in MR access between different countries and healthcare systems are well documented. Determinants of unequal access within the same healthcare system and geographical region are poorly understood.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>An analysis of public sector MR utilisation in South Africa's Western Cape province (WCP).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective study of WCP MR and population data for 2013 and 2018. MR units/10⁶ people, studies, and studies/10³ people were calculated for each year, for the whole province and the 'western' and 'eastern' referral pathways, stratified by age (0-14 years, > 14 years).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Between 2013 and 2018, the WCP population increased 8% (4.63 vs 5.08 × 10⁶ people) while MR resources were unchanged ('western' = 2 units; 'eastern' = 1), equating to decreasing access (units/10⁶ people) for the province (0.65 vs 0.59; -9.2%), the 'western' (0.97 vs 0.9; -7.2%) and 'eastern' (0.39 vs 0.35; -10.3%) pathways. In 2013, 40% (4005/10 090) of studies were in the 'eastern' pathway serving 55% (2 066 079/4 629 051) of the population. Between 2013 and 2018 'eastern' population growth (<i>n</i> = 286 781) exceeded 'western' (<i>n</i> = 168 469) by 70% (<i>n</i> = 118 312). By 2018, 38% (7939/12 848) of studies were performed in the 'eastern' pathway, then serving 56% (2 849 753/5 084 301) of the population. Among 0-14-year-olds, 'western' utilisation (studies/103 people) exceeded 'eastern' by a factor of approximately 2.4 throughout. In patients > 14 years, the utilisation differential increased from 1.78 to 1.98 in the review period.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Ensuring equitable services on the same healthcare platform requires ongoing surveillance of resource and population distribution. MR access can serve as a proxy for equity in highly specialised services.</p>","PeriodicalId":43442,"journal":{"name":"SA Journal of Radiology","volume":" ","pages":"2464"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9350559/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40592564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revisiting the forgotten remnant: Imaging spectrum of Meckel's diverticulum.","authors":"Manish Kumar,&nbsp;Priya Singh,&nbsp;Priti Kumari,&nbsp;Rohit Kaushik","doi":"10.4102/sajr.v26i1.2431","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/sajr.v26i1.2431","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Meckel's diverticulum is a true diverticulum of the alimentary tract occurring resulting from the persistence of remnants of the vitello-intestinal duct. They are often asymptomatic and incidentally diagnosed during surgery. Complications such as intestinal obstruction, diverticulitis, intestinal haemorrhage and perforation may occur with Meckel's diverticulum, which renders them symptomatic. The clinical and imaging diagnosis of Meckel's diverticulum is very challenging. As a result of the rare occurrence of complicated Meckel's diverticulum and the difficult preoperative diagnosis, knowledge of its imaging features is limited. The presented case series describes a spectrum of complications caused by Meckel's diverticulum and its CT imaging features. It highlights the importance of a high clinical suspicion by carefully searching for a Meckel's diverticulum on CT in its characteristic location to avoid missing it preoperatively.</p>","PeriodicalId":43442,"journal":{"name":"SA Journal of Radiology","volume":" ","pages":"2431"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9350442/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40592562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum: Radiology subspecialisation in Africa: A review of the current status.","authors":"Efosa P Iyawe,&nbsp;Bukunmi M Idowu,&nbsp;Olasubomi J Omoleye","doi":"10.4102/sajr.v26i1.2347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/sajr.v26i1.2347","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.4102/sajr.v25i1.2168.].</p>","PeriodicalId":43442,"journal":{"name":"SA Journal of Radiology","volume":" ","pages":"2347"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9257928/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40507753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A lumpy bumpy stomach: The more the murkier.","authors":"Binit Sureka,&nbsp;Siddhi Chawla,&nbsp;Sudeep Khera,&nbsp;Ashish Agarwal,&nbsp;Chhagan L Birda,&nbsp;Sandeep Bairwa","doi":"10.4102/sajr.v26i1.2437","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/sajr.v26i1.2437","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This report describes the radiological and endoscopic findings in a 54-year-old male who presented with epigastric pain. The patient underwent an upper gastrointestinal (GI) barium study followed by axial imaging, which demonstrated nodular gastric wall thickening. The classic findings of aggressive primary gastric diffuse large B-Cell lymphoma are presented with a brief review differentiating the pathological subtypes, important for patient prognostication and planning of therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":43442,"journal":{"name":"SA Journal of Radiology","volume":" ","pages":"2437"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9257741/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40591351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}