2012 OceansPub Date : 2012-10-01DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.2012.6405025
B. Hooper, J. Dugan
{"title":"Grazing angle dependence of IR radiance of the Hudson river","authors":"B. Hooper, J. Dugan","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.2012.6405025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2012.6405025","url":null,"abstract":"We retrieve water currents in rivers and estuaries from remotely collected MWIR imagery by detecting a signal consisting of small-scale temperature variations and observing their advection by the local mean flow [1]. This thermal signature being measured is a function of a wide range of environmental variables, and a primary issue is to better understand these dependencies. An experiment was designed and conducted with both an airborne and a stationary camera that was mounted on the top of the Palisades, overlooking a site on the Hudson having slowly varying, smooth bathymetry and supporting instruments installed in and above the water. Imagery was collected over several weeks having a range of tidal flows and atmospheric conditions. This contribution provides a short overview of the experiment and focuses on model predictions for the sources of radiance at the two cameras.","PeriodicalId":434023,"journal":{"name":"2012 Oceans","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123808853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
2012 OceansPub Date : 2012-10-01DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.2012.6404994
Jesse Pentzer, E. Wolbrecht
{"title":"Improving autonomous underwater vehicle navigation using inter-vehicle ranging","authors":"Jesse Pentzer, E. Wolbrecht","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.2012.6404994","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2012.6404994","url":null,"abstract":"One-way-travel-time (OWTT) acoustic ranging has received considerable attention as improvements to acoustic modems and electronic clocks have made it a feasible navigation tool. This paper reports the results of simulations investigating the effect of utilizing inter-vehicle ranging for autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) navigation. In these simulations, a fleet of AUVs operates in shallow water with a pair of fixed transponders. A rigid timing cycle for acoustic communications was implemented with a message queuing approach to simulate the handicaps of underwater acoustic communication. Furthermore, a simple path following algorithm was used to navigate the AUVs through a waypoint course, and a kinematic motion model was used to simulate AUV movement. The position of each vehicle in the fleet was estimated independently by combining the propagation steps of an extended Kalman filter with the update equations of an extended information filter. Results of the simulations showed the addition of inter-vehicle ranging improved accuracy by 1-2 cm when navigating using four fixed transponders and by 9-24 cm when navigating using two fixed transponders.","PeriodicalId":434023,"journal":{"name":"2012 Oceans","volume":"193 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114345976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
2012 OceansPub Date : 2012-10-01DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.2012.6405013
Xiaopeng Huang, R. Netravali, H. Man, V. Lawrence
{"title":"Multi-sensor fusion of Electro-Optic and infrared signals for high resolution visible images: Part II","authors":"Xiaopeng Huang, R. Netravali, H. Man, V. Lawrence","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.2012.6405013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2012.6405013","url":null,"abstract":"Electro-Optic (EO) image sensors exhibit the properties of high resolution and low noise level, but they cannot reflect information about the temperature of objects and do not work in dark environments. On the other hand, infrared (IR) image sensors exhibit the properties of low resolution and high noise level, but IR images can reflect information about the temperature of objects all the time. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a novel framework to enhance the resolution of EO images using the information (e.g., temperature) from IR images, which helps distinguish temperature variation of objects in the daytime via high-resolution EO images. The proposed novel framework involves four main steps: (1) select target objects with temperature variation in original IR images; (2) fuse original RGB color (EO) images and IR images based on image fusion algorithms; (3) blend the fused images of target objects in proportion with original gray-scale EO images; (4) superimpose the target objects' temperature information onto original EO images via the modified NTSC color space transformation. Therein, the image fusion step will be conducted by the quantitative (Yang et al. proposed adaptive multi-sensor fusion algorithm) approach in this part. Revealing temperature information in EO images for the first time is the most significant contribution of this paper. Simulation results will show the transformed EO images with the targets' temperature information.","PeriodicalId":434023,"journal":{"name":"2012 Oceans","volume":"179 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116437837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
2012 OceansPub Date : 2012-10-01DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.2012.6404816
Chunsheng Liu, B. Maranda
{"title":"Comparing arctan and maximum likelihood methods for bearing estimation","authors":"Chunsheng Liu, B. Maranda","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.2012.6404816","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2012.6404816","url":null,"abstract":"One well-known system for estimating the bearing to an underwater acoustic source consists of two crossed dipole sensors and an omni-directional sensor. At DRDC Atlantic, several bearing estimation methods for this three-channel system in the presence of ocean noise have been examined with the goal of minimizing the bearing error. However, any practical bearing-estimation algorithm must remain efficient enough for implementation in a real-time sonar processor. In this paper, we discuss some of the different methods used and their trade-offs based on estimate accuracy and computational efficiency.","PeriodicalId":434023,"journal":{"name":"2012 Oceans","volume":"164 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121470374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
2012 OceansPub Date : 2012-10-01DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.2012.6405042
James H. VanZwieten, M. Young, K. V. von Ellenrieder
{"title":"Design and analysis of an ocean current turbine performance assessment system","authors":"James H. VanZwieten, M. Young, K. V. von Ellenrieder","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.2012.6405042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2012.6405042","url":null,"abstract":"To quantify the performance of experimental ocean current turbines (OCTs) during offshore testing, important performance metrics are presented along with a proposed sensor suite and the mathematical relationships that can be used to calculate them. A numerical simulation of an OCT and numeric models of the selected sensors are utilized to synthesize measurements which are used to calculate relative free stream flow velocity, electric power output, total system efficiency, shaft power, and rotor efficiency. By evaluating the calculated performance metrics, both with and without sensor limitations, the impact of the sensor limitations on the calculated performance metrics are evaluated. The impact of averaging times on the repeatability of performance calculations are also evaluated for several operating conditions to guide offshore testing requirements. It is found that for a 2 m significant wave height the selected sensor system increases the standard deviation of the calculated performance metrics for 1 min averages and an operating depth of 10 m by 5-20%. For a depth of 20 m the OCT performance is more consistent and the sensors increase the variability of the calculated performance metrics by between 30-50% for 1 min averages. For the same significant wave height and a depth of 10 m the standard deviation of the 1 min averaged sensor measured system and rotor efficiencies for are shown to range from 0.9 and 3.3% of their mean value. However this can be decreased to a 0.13 and 0.52% if the operating depth is decreased to 10 m and the averaging time is increased to 10 min.","PeriodicalId":434023,"journal":{"name":"2012 Oceans","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124470432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
2012 OceansPub Date : 2012-10-01DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.2012.6404937
J. Patterson, J. Thomas, L. Rosenfeld, J. Newton, L. Hazard, J. Scianna, R. Kudela, E. Mayorga, C. Cohen, M. Cook, M. Otero, J. Adelaars
{"title":"Addressing ocean and coastal issues at the West Coast scale through regional ocean observing system collaboration","authors":"J. Patterson, J. Thomas, L. Rosenfeld, J. Newton, L. Hazard, J. Scianna, R. Kudela, E. Mayorga, C. Cohen, M. Cook, M. Otero, J. Adelaars","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.2012.6404937","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2012.6404937","url":null,"abstract":"The U.S. Integrated Ocean Observing System (U.S. IOOS®) is a network of eleven regional ocean observing systems coordinating observations of the nation's oceans, coasts, and Great Lakes. Three of these regional systems span the continental U.S. West Coast: the Southern California Coastal Ocean Observing System (SCCOOS), the Central and Northern California Ocean Observing System (CeNCOOS), and the Northwest Association of Networked Ocean Observing Systems (NANOOS). Each regional coastal ocean observing system (RCOOS) provides key observations, data, and information products that meet unique place-based needs through collaborations between academic institutions, state, tribal and federal agencies, private industry, and non-profit organizations. Some of the issues tackled by the RCOOS are: surface currents, ocean waves, harmful algae blooms and hypoxia, and ocean acidification.","PeriodicalId":434023,"journal":{"name":"2012 Oceans","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124521042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
2012 OceansPub Date : 2012-10-01DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.2012.6404840
C. Sylvester
{"title":"Next-generation coastal mapping to further the National Ocean Enterprise","authors":"C. Sylvester","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.2012.6404840","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2012.6404840","url":null,"abstract":"The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), the US Naval Oceanographic Office (NAVO) and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) formed the Joint Airborne Lidar Bathymetry Technical Center of eXpertise (JALBTCX) in 1998 under a collaborative agreement to support coastal mapping and charting requirements at their respective agencies. The two-decade legacy of the JALBTCX includes the development of state-of-the-art remote sensing platforms in coordination with industry and academia. The Coastal Zone Mapping and Imaging Lidar (CZMIL) is the Center's next-generation remote sensing technology initiative. Fielded and operated by the (USACE), it provides advanced coastal mapping capabilities and environmental information products to researchers, engineers and decision makers in government and academia. Previous technology initiatives of the JALBTCX produced the Scanning Hydrographic Operational Airborne Lidar Survey (SHOALS) system and the Compact Hydrographic Airborne Rapid Total Survey (CHARTS) system. The third-generation CZMIL system builds upon these initiatives by integrating state-of-the-art laser, receiver, scanner, and imaging hardware with a custom data processing package to facilitate efficient field-to-finish survey operations. This paper compares CZMIL data coverage acquired along the West Ship Island, MS to previous coverage acquired with JALBTCX's SHOALS and CHARTS systems. The comparison demonstrates CZMIL's system performance in shallow, turbid coastal environments where the capabilities of legacy systems were limited by water clarity. CZMIL data supports the development of traditional and innovative information products to address regional environmental challenges. Accessible via web services a consumable and understandable form, the products provide critical, baseline ocean information layers that are required to achieve a conceptual National Ocean Enterprise.","PeriodicalId":434023,"journal":{"name":"2012 Oceans","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124080227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
2012 OceansPub Date : 2012-10-01DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.2012.6404796
Xiaopeng Huang, Yong Liu
{"title":"Capacity criterion-based power allocation for OFDM cooperative underwater acoustic communications with limited feedback","authors":"Xiaopeng Huang, Yong Liu","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.2012.6404796","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2012.6404796","url":null,"abstract":"The underwater acoustic (UWA) communication has been regarded as one of the most challenging wireless communications due to the unique properties, such as limited bandwidth, extended multipath delay, medium inhomogeneities, rapid time-variation and large Doppler shifts. Cooperative relaying technique is a promising technique to provide high rate data transmission. However, literature on cooperative communications in UWA environments is very scarce. In this paper, we propose a novel UWA cooperative communication system, which involves the Deocde-and-Forward (DF) transmission protocol, Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) and the Lloyd algorithm-based limited feedback procedure for the first time. We take capacity criterion-based power allocation strategy as an example to demonstrate the performance of our proposed system. Simulation results show the system capacity performance based on uniform allocation (non-feedback), several bits of feedback and perfect feedback.","PeriodicalId":434023,"journal":{"name":"2012 Oceans","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127554204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
2012 OceansPub Date : 2012-10-01DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.2012.6404871
C. Teague, D. Barrick
{"title":"Estimation of wind turbine radar signature at 13.5 MHz","authors":"C. Teague, D. Barrick","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.2012.6404871","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2012.6404871","url":null,"abstract":"The radar cross sections (RCS) and frequency spectra of a wind turbine consisting of three conducting blades of 42 m radius, with a vertical mast of 65 m over a perfect ground plane, was estimated using the Numerical Electromagnetics Code (NEC). The NEC input deck generation, parsing the NEC output to select the RCS numbers, plotting the time series, and calculating and plotting the frequency spectra were all done by bash shell scripts. The shell scripts generally set up several environment variables and then called Ruby, Octave or Gnuplot programs to perform the text manipulations, data calculations and plot generation. Calibrated plots of time series and frequency spectra for several cases are included. The effect of a dielectric blade is briefly considered.","PeriodicalId":434023,"journal":{"name":"2012 Oceans","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125807008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
2012 OceansPub Date : 2012-10-01DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.2012.6405097
J. Prudell, A. Schacher, K. Rhinefrank
{"title":"Direct drive ocean wave energy electric plant design methodology","authors":"J. Prudell, A. Schacher, K. Rhinefrank","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.2012.6405097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2012.6405097","url":null,"abstract":"Conversion of power from ocean waves requires power take off systems which are designed to accommodate a wide range of power variations. Power smoothing has traditionally been designed into the primary mechanical power conversion process. With a direct drive design, power smoothing is achieved by power electronics. The following paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the system requirements and design philosophy for the electric plant of a direct drive ocean wave energy converter (WEC). Annual real seas data was used to model power flow from rotary Permanent Magnet Generators (PMG) through the electric plant to the grid. Component pricing and site specific wave climates are incorporated into simulations to guide the electric plant design development. The results of these simulations provide design recommendations on WEC electric plant configuration and component specification for the lowest capital cost and high energy production.","PeriodicalId":434023,"journal":{"name":"2012 Oceans","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122254476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}