Tobacco Use Insights最新文献

{"title":"Longitudinal Transition Patterns of Tobacco Use Among Youth and Young Adults Never Tobacco Product Users: Findings From the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study, 2014-2019.","authors":"Meagan A Bluestein,&nbsp;Arnold E Kuk,&nbsp;Melissa B Harrell,&nbsp;Baojiang Chen,&nbsp;Emily T Hébert,&nbsp;Adriana Pérez","doi":"10.1177/1179173X231161314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1179173X231161314","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>To identify, visualize, and describe the prevalence of within-product patterns of tobacco use behaviors for e-cigarettes, cigarettes, and hookah (TP) by 3 age groups (ie, 12-14-year-old, 15-17-year-old, and 18-20-year-old) with U.S. nationally representative data.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In 2014-2015, never users of each (TP) and age group were followed-up longitudinally between 2015-2019 using five transition states: non-susceptible to (TP) use, susceptible to (TP) use, ever (TP) use, past 30-day (TP) use, and discontinued past 30-day (TP) use. Sankey diagrams were used to graphically visualize patterns in tobacco use behaviors across time.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 12-14-year-old who were never users and susceptible to each TP from 2014-2017, 7% initiated ever e-cigarette use and 9.4% first reported past 30-day use by 2018-2019; 5.8% initiated ever cigarette use and 3% first reported past 30-day cigarette use by 2018-2019; and, 4.5% initiated ever hookah use and 1.0% first reported past 30-day hookah use by 2018-2019. Among 15-17-year-old who were never users and susceptible to each TP from 2014-2017, 4.2% initiated ever e-cigarette use and 9.0% first reported past 30-day use by 2018-2019; 4.5% initiated ever cigarette use and 3% first reported past 30-day cigarette use by 2018-2019; and, 4.5% initiated ever hookah use and 2.4% first reported past 30-day hookah use by 2018-2019. Among 18-20-year-old who were never users and susceptible to each TP from 2014-2017, 3.2% initiated ever e-cigarette use and 3.6% first reported past 30-day e-cigarette use by 2018-2019; 3.0% initiated ever cigarette use and 2.3% first reported past 30-day cigarette use; and, 2.8% initiated ever hookah use and 1.0% first reported past 30-day hookah use by 2018-2019.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>From 2014 to 2019, onset and progression of e-cigarette, cigarette, and hookah use occurred more frequently in 12-14 and 15-17-year-old than in young adults 18-20-year-old.</p>","PeriodicalId":43361,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Use Insights","volume":"16 ","pages":"1179173X231161314"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/b0/76/10.1177_1179173X231161314.PMC10009036.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9428890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the Impact of the Massachusetts Temporary Flavor Ban on Licensed Tobacco Retailers.","authors":"Matthew C Nali,&nbsp;Vidya Purushothaman,&nbsp;Zhuoran Li,&nbsp;Raphael Cuomo,&nbsp;Tim K Mackey","doi":"10.1177/1179173X231192821","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1179173X231192821","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>In 2019, the state of Massachusetts signed into law the first statewide sales restrictions of flavored ENDS/tobacco products for both physical and online shops in response to a previous executive order to curb E-Cigarette, or Vaping Product, Use Associated Lung Injury (EVALI) cases that were surging throughout the nation.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>This study obtained licensure data from the Massachusetts Department of Revenue, to observe the changes in retail licensure comparing the pre ban (October 2018-August 2019) and post ban periods (October 2020- August 2021). A series of linear regression tests were conducted on both periods using census tract data to explore potential associations with sociodemographic covariates, including median age, median household income, and population proportion by gender, age, and race/ethnicity groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Analysis of the Massachusetts post-ban period (October 2020-August 2021) found that new tobacco retail licenses issued decreased by 52.9% (n = 968) when compared to the pre-ban period (October 2018-August 2019) of 1831. A significant positive association was discovered between change in new retailer count and proportion male population (2.48 ± 1.05, <i>P</i> = .018) as well as proportion Hispanic population (1.19 ± .25, <i>P</i> < .001) at the census tract level.</p><p><strong>Conclusion/discussion: </strong>Our analysis indicates that, following the temporary MA flavor sales ban, the total number of licenses decreased, though decreases were more pronounced for new licenses when compared to continuing licenses. Higher increases in new tobacco retailer density were significantly associated with concentration of male and Hispanic populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":43361,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Use Insights","volume":"16 ","pages":"1179173X231192821"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/15/dd/10.1177_1179173X231192821.PMC10392200.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10305498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exposure to E-Cigarette Advertising and Its Association With E-Cigarette Use Among Youth and Adolescents in Two Largest Cities in Vietnam 2020.","authors":"Thi Thanh Huong Le,&nbsp;Tu Hoang Le,&nbsp;Minh Dat Le,&nbsp;Tien Thang Nguyen","doi":"10.1177/1179173X231179676","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1179173X231179676","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>E-cigarette products have become more popular due to the marketing campaigns on various sources but caused adverse health impacts to users, especially adolescents and youths. This paper aims to describe the situation of exposure to e-cigarette advertisements of youth and adolescents living in two cities of Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh in 2020 and identify the associated factors of e-cigarette marketing with e-cigarettes use in these groups.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>This was a cross-sectional study. The study participants were 1211 youth and adolescents aged 15-24 living in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City during the time of data collection (from January 2020 to September 2020). Two primary outcome variables included the ever e-cigarettes use and the intention to use e-cigarettes. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to assess the association between the outcome variables and e-cigarette marketing exposure.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The proportion of participants who ever use e-cigarettes was 7.4% and a proportion of 4.8% have intention to use e-cigarettes. The most popular source of exposure to e-cigarettes advertisements was social network (Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, Youtube, etc.) and this source had positive association with the odds of e-cigarette smoking among youth and adolescents (OR = 3.38, 95% CI: 1.59-7.14). In addition, referral marketers also contributed to making the participants more likely to smoke e-cigarettes (OR = 2.68, 95% CI: 1.03-6.95). Attractive color and free sample of e-cigarettes were also found to be the motivated factors associated with smoking behaviour among youth and adolescents.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>New policies should be considered to oppose the impact of youth-oriented e-cigarette advertisements which include regulating and restricting e-cigarette advertisements on social media, as well as through referral marketers.</p>","PeriodicalId":43361,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Use Insights","volume":"16 ","pages":"1179173X231179676"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/c8/b7/10.1177_1179173X231179676.PMC10226302.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10301610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Young Adults' Electronic Cigarette Use and Perceptions of Risk.","authors":"Shelby Kelsh,&nbsp;Anne Ottney,&nbsp;Mark Young,&nbsp;Michelle Kelly,&nbsp;Rodney Larson,&nbsp;Minji Sohn","doi":"10.1177/1179173X231161313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1179173X231161313","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the United States<b>,</b> 18.6% of college students between 19-and 22-years old report e-cigarette use in the last 30 days. Information regarding e-cigarette use and perceptions in this age group may assist in understanding how to decrease initiation of e-cigarettes in a population that may otherwise not use nicotine. The purpose of this survey was to determine current e-cigarette use and how e-cigarette use history relates to a college student's perceptions of health risks associated with e-cigarettes. A 33-item questionnaire was sent to students at a Midwestern university in Fall 2018. Overall, 3754 students completed the questionnaire. More than half of the respondents (55.2%) had used e-cigarettes and 23.2% identified as current users of e-cigarettes. Current e-cigarette users were more likely to agree that e-cigarettes are a safe and effective option to quit smoking, while never users were more likely to disagree (safe <i>P</i> < .001, effective <i>P</i> < .001). Current users were less likely to agree that e-cigarettes may harm a person's overall health than never users (<i>P</i> < .001). Young adults continue to be frequent users of e-cigarettes. There are significant differences in perceptions of e-cigarettes associated with use history. Additional research is needed to see how perceptions and use of e-cigarettes have changed considering lung injury reports and increased regulations in the U.S.</p>","PeriodicalId":43361,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Use Insights","volume":"16 ","pages":"1179173X231161313"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/34/ac/10.1177_1179173X231161313.PMC9996725.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9471617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A cross-sectional study of attitudes and behaviors of snuff use and cessation among people with and without HIV in South Africa.","authors":"Samantha M Loh,&nbsp;Tumelo Moloantoa,&nbsp;Nompumelelo Yende,&nbsp;Ebrahim Variava,&nbsp;Raymond Niaura,&nbsp;Jonathan E Golub,&nbsp;Neil Martinson,&nbsp;Jessica L Elf","doi":"10.1177/1179173X231193890","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1179173X231193890","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Despite a high (48%) prevalence of snuff use among women with HIV in South Africa, little is known of the attitudes and behaviors of use, strategies for cessation, and potential health risks.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In a cross-sectional study, a questionnaire was administered to adults (≥18 years) with (HIV+) and without HIV (HIV-) who self-reported current snuff use to collect information on demographics, snuff use and cessation attempts, preferred strategies for cessation, other substance use, history of respiratory illness, and mental health.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>150 (74 HIV+, 76 HIV-) participants were enrolled; 115 (77%) were daily snuff users, 6 (4%) were current smokers, and 17 (11%) former smokers. Top reasons for current snuff use included improving health (n = 48, 32%), reducing stress (n = 26, 16%), and \"being a habit\" (n = 38, 25%). Participants believed snuff use to have mostly positive (n = 68, 46%) or no (n = 54, 36%) health impacts, and 57 (38%) participants believed snuff cures headaches. 103 (69%) participants reported a previous quit attempt, and 110 (73%) indicated high interest in quitting snuff. Although 105 (70%) participants indicated that advice from a healthcare provider would aid them in quitting snuff, only 30 (20%) reported ever receiving that advice. A majority of participants (n = 141, 94%) suffer from moderate to high levels of perceived stress, and overall few differences were seen by HIV status.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Education on negative impacts of snuff, advice to quit from healthcare providers, and nicotine replacement therapy should be considered in the development of a snuff cessation program.</p>","PeriodicalId":43361,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Use Insights","volume":"16 ","pages":"1179173X231193890"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/e9/b3/10.1177_1179173X231193890.PMC10422901.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10306356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impacts of Supervised Exercise Intervention on Tobacco Withdrawal Symptoms.","authors":"Nur-Hasanah Ruslan,&nbsp;Siti Munira Yasin,&nbsp;Nadzimah Mohd Nasir,&nbsp;Mohamad Rodi Isa","doi":"10.1177/1179173X231179811","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1179173X231179811","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study examined a supervised moderate-intensity aerobic exercise programme's effectiveness in regulating the Tobacco Withdrawal Symptoms (TWS) during temporary abstinence. This was a single group, pre and post-quasi intervention study. Thirty daily smokers participated in an 8-week supervised moderate-intensity aerobic exercise programme. We assessed the TWS, smoking urge, mood and stress-pleasure related hormonal variables after the aerobic exercise intervention. The measurements were conducted after overnight abstinence at baseline, post-intervention (at week-8) and post-detraining (at week-10). TWS components, smoking urge and mood were found to improve. For hormonal variables, cortisol and beta-endorphin except adrenaline showed insignificant changes at post-intervention and de-training. The findings suggest moderate-intensity exercise might help in reducing withdrawal symptoms and its adverse effects. Thus, exercise is an effective adjunct treatment in a smoking cessation programme.</p>","PeriodicalId":43361,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Use Insights","volume":"16 ","pages":"1179173X231179811"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/69/26/10.1177_1179173X231179811.PMC10226328.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10300153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"Appagalo\" a Customized Mobile Health Intervention (mHealth) for Smoking Cessation in Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial.","authors":"Javiera Martinez-Gutierrez,&nbsp;Angélica Domínguez,&nbsp;Carolina López,&nbsp;Juan Alcántara,&nbsp;Carolina Althausen,&nbsp;Mildred Rojas,&nbsp;Leonardo Véjar,&nbsp;Claudia Bambs","doi":"10.1177/1179173X231152316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1179173X231152316","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Almost 30% of Chilean women report cigarette smoking with important repercussions on their health.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>Design and test a mobile phone intervention for smoking cessation in young women.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>A mobile application (app) was created using the best available evidence and consumer input. Its effectiveness was assessed through a randomized clinical trial.</p><p><strong>Study participants: </strong>Women 18 to 44 years old from middle-class neighborhoods in Santiago, Chile. Inclusion criteria were intention to quit cigarette smoking in the following month and having a smartphone cell phone. Women with positive screening for risky alcohol consumption were excluded.</p><p><strong>Intervention: </strong>App with content to support cigarette smoking cessation over 6 months. The control arm included an app that delivered general messages to promote permanence in the study. Telephone follow-up was performed at 6 weeks, and at 3 and 6 months after randomization.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measure: </strong>No smoking in the past 7 days at 6 weeks from enrolment. Intention-to-treat analysis was carried out using SPSS 17.0 with a significance level set at .05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>309 women entered the study. Mean number of cigarettes smoked in a day was 8.8. 58.6% of the participants (n = 181) completed the follow-up for the primary outcome. With intention-to-treat analysis, 9.7% of participants in the intervention group reported not having smoked any cigarettes in the last 7 days vs 3.2% in the control group (RR 2.98 CI 95% 1.11-8.0, <i>P</i> = .022). Additionally, 12.3% vs 1.9% of the participants in the intervention group and control group reported continuous abstinence at 6 weeks, respectively (RR 6.29 95% CI 1.9-20.8, <i>P</i> < .001). Continuous abstinence was also significant at 6 months (<i>P</i>-value of .036).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The \"Appagalo\" app is an effective tool to support smoking cessation in young women. It is a simple mHealth alternative for smoking cessation that can contribute to improving women's health in the Americas and worldwide.</p>","PeriodicalId":43361,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Use Insights","volume":"16 ","pages":"1179173X231152316"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/77/68/10.1177_1179173X231152316.PMC9944159.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10849794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"It's addiction at this Point\": A qualitative examination of youth E-cigarette use trajectory in the United States.","authors":"Robert T Fairman,&nbsp;Victoria Churchill,&nbsp;Jamani B Garner,&nbsp;Devon Brown,&nbsp;Zachary B Massey,&nbsp;David L Ashley,&nbsp;Lucy Popova","doi":"10.1177/1179173X231185455","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1179173X231185455","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>E-cigarettes (electronic cigarettes) have been the most used tobacco product among US youth since 2014, reaching a plateau during the COVID-19 pandemic. Youth e-cigarette use is associated with negative health consequences such as impaired cognitive functioning. For many, the COVID-19 pandemic altered social interactions, harm perceptions, and product availability. This changed the frequency and locations in which youth use e-cigarettes. To better understand youth e-cigarette use, we need more information on factors that can alter e-cigarette use, specifically, how the pandemic changed e-cigarette use among youth. In 2020-2021, we conducted online, individual interviews with 19 youth (aged 13-17) e-cigarette users living in the US to explore how COVID-19 impacted their e-cigarette use. Youth described a progression of e-cigarette use from initial experimentation, regular social use, and ultimately to nicotine addiction demonstrated by individual use in isolation. Many youth initiated e-cigarette use due to influences by friends or family members. Youth discussed progression to social use, with social interactions as an important reason for use and an avenue for expanding one's knowledge of e-cigarettes. After a period of time, youth began to recognize that the social interactions mattered less, suggesting to them that they had become addicted. This realization became more apparent during COVID-19, which changed how youth used e-cigarettes, especially around where use was occurring, health concerns, and use behavior and frequency. In our interviews, youth trajectory began with an initiation with family and friends, progressed to social use, and eventually developed to addiction, at which point social use was no longer the primary motivation for e-cigarette use. Understanding the trajectory of e-cigarette use will allow for effective interventions that reduce harm to youth from e-cigarette use.</p>","PeriodicalId":43361,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Use Insights","volume":"16 ","pages":"1179173X231185455"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/d2/b1/10.1177_1179173X231185455.PMC10387766.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10301056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"China's Smoke-free Policies in Public Place and the Smoking Cessation Status of Smokers.","authors":"Jing Wen,&nbsp;Wenlu Shang,&nbsp;Yong Ding,&nbsp;Hui Qiao,&nbsp;Jiangping Li","doi":"10.1177/1179173X231171483","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1179173X231171483","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Smoking remains a major health risk factor and China is the world's largest consumer of tobacco. Smoke-free policies in public places are a powerful weapon in tobacco control. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the association between smoke-free policies in public places and smoking cessation among smokers in China from 2012 to 2020.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, we assessed the impact of smoke-free public places policies on smoking cessation situation among smokers aged 16 years and older. We do this by conducting a difference-in-differences analysis using data from the China Family Panel Study (CFPS) 2012-2020.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>By 2020, about 60.2% of the cities were covered by partial smoke-free policies and about 38.5% by comprehensive smoke-free policies. Based on the results of the study, we found that the medium-term effect model (Model 2, 2012:2016; Model 3, 2012:2018) of the impact of partial smoke-free policies on smoking cessation was not statistically significant using 2012 as the study baseline; the short-term effect model (Model 1; 2012:2014; <i>P</i>< .01) and the long-term effect model (Model 4; 2012:2020; <i>P</i>< .05) were statistically significant; the effect of a comprehensive smoke-free policy on smoking cessation (Model 5; 2012:2020; <i>P</i><.05) was statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>China's existing comprehensive smoke-free policies have had a modest impact on smoking cessation among the smoking population, and a strong, comprehensive national smoke-free law is urgently needed to achieve greater public health outcomes.</p><p><strong>Implications: </strong>Smoke-free policies are an important intervention to influence smoking behavior. This study demonstrates that comprehensive smoke-free policies in public places in China can effectively influence smoking behavior and show long-term trends in smoke-free behavior, while also reflecting the need to promote comprehensive smoke-free policies. This study provides a basis for the implementation of comprehensive smokefree policies into law and also provides a basis for policy makers.</p>","PeriodicalId":43361,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Use Insights","volume":"16 ","pages":"1179173X231171483"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/12/1d/10.1177_1179173X231171483.PMC10134179.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9393387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biochemical Verification of Tobacco-Use as an Inclusion Criterion in Smoking Cessation Trials- Lessons From the Cessation of Smoking Trial in the Emergency Department.","authors":"Ian Pope,&nbsp;Chandhini Suresh,&nbsp;Emma Ward,&nbsp;Pippa Belderson,&nbsp;Caitlin Notley","doi":"10.1177/1179173X231193898","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1179173X231193898","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Biochemical verification of smoking status prior to recruitment into smoking cessation trials is widely used to confirm smoking status, most commonly using exhaled carbon monoxide (CO). There is variation in the level of CO used as a biochemical inclusion criterion, and thus the possibility for people reporting to be current smokers to be incorrectly excluded from trials.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>As part of the Cessation of Smoking Trial in the Emergency Department, people attending the Emergency Department (ED) who reported being current daily smokers underwent CO testing to confirm eligibility. Elective semi-structured interviews were undertaken with the researchers who recruited participants. As part of the interviews, researchers were asked their views and experiences with CO testing.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 1320 participants who reported being current daily smokers and underwent CO testing, 300 (22.7%) blew a CO reading of 7 ppm or less and were excluded from taking part. Possible explanations offered by researchers for participants blowing low CO readings were (1) long wait times in the ED, therefore a long period having elapsed since people had last smoked and (2) patients having reduced smoking for the period before the ED attendance due to ill health.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Biochemical verification has the potential to improve internal validity of smoking cessation for inclusion in trials, but at the cost of reduced generalisability through exclusion of participants who would receive the intervention if it were implemented in practice. We would recommend researchers carefully consider whether it is appropriate and necessary to include biochemical verification as an inclusion criterion.</p>","PeriodicalId":43361,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Use Insights","volume":"16 ","pages":"1179173X231193898"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10426292/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10303701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}