Tobacco Use Insights最新文献

{"title":"China's Smoke-free Policies in Public Place and the Smoking Cessation Status of Smokers.","authors":"Jing Wen,&nbsp;Wenlu Shang,&nbsp;Yong Ding,&nbsp;Hui Qiao,&nbsp;Jiangping Li","doi":"10.1177/1179173X231171483","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1179173X231171483","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Smoking remains a major health risk factor and China is the world's largest consumer of tobacco. Smoke-free policies in public places are a powerful weapon in tobacco control. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the association between smoke-free policies in public places and smoking cessation among smokers in China from 2012 to 2020.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, we assessed the impact of smoke-free public places policies on smoking cessation situation among smokers aged 16 years and older. We do this by conducting a difference-in-differences analysis using data from the China Family Panel Study (CFPS) 2012-2020.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>By 2020, about 60.2% of the cities were covered by partial smoke-free policies and about 38.5% by comprehensive smoke-free policies. Based on the results of the study, we found that the medium-term effect model (Model 2, 2012:2016; Model 3, 2012:2018) of the impact of partial smoke-free policies on smoking cessation was not statistically significant using 2012 as the study baseline; the short-term effect model (Model 1; 2012:2014; <i>P</i>< .01) and the long-term effect model (Model 4; 2012:2020; <i>P</i>< .05) were statistically significant; the effect of a comprehensive smoke-free policy on smoking cessation (Model 5; 2012:2020; <i>P</i><.05) was statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>China's existing comprehensive smoke-free policies have had a modest impact on smoking cessation among the smoking population, and a strong, comprehensive national smoke-free law is urgently needed to achieve greater public health outcomes.</p><p><strong>Implications: </strong>Smoke-free policies are an important intervention to influence smoking behavior. This study demonstrates that comprehensive smoke-free policies in public places in China can effectively influence smoking behavior and show long-term trends in smoke-free behavior, while also reflecting the need to promote comprehensive smoke-free policies. This study provides a basis for the implementation of comprehensive smokefree policies into law and also provides a basis for policy makers.</p>","PeriodicalId":43361,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Use Insights","volume":"16 ","pages":"1179173X231171483"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/12/1d/10.1177_1179173X231171483.PMC10134179.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9393387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biochemical Verification of Tobacco-Use as an Inclusion Criterion in Smoking Cessation Trials- Lessons From the Cessation of Smoking Trial in the Emergency Department.","authors":"Ian Pope,&nbsp;Chandhini Suresh,&nbsp;Emma Ward,&nbsp;Pippa Belderson,&nbsp;Caitlin Notley","doi":"10.1177/1179173X231193898","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1179173X231193898","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Biochemical verification of smoking status prior to recruitment into smoking cessation trials is widely used to confirm smoking status, most commonly using exhaled carbon monoxide (CO). There is variation in the level of CO used as a biochemical inclusion criterion, and thus the possibility for people reporting to be current smokers to be incorrectly excluded from trials.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>As part of the Cessation of Smoking Trial in the Emergency Department, people attending the Emergency Department (ED) who reported being current daily smokers underwent CO testing to confirm eligibility. Elective semi-structured interviews were undertaken with the researchers who recruited participants. As part of the interviews, researchers were asked their views and experiences with CO testing.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 1320 participants who reported being current daily smokers and underwent CO testing, 300 (22.7%) blew a CO reading of 7 ppm or less and were excluded from taking part. Possible explanations offered by researchers for participants blowing low CO readings were (1) long wait times in the ED, therefore a long period having elapsed since people had last smoked and (2) patients having reduced smoking for the period before the ED attendance due to ill health.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Biochemical verification has the potential to improve internal validity of smoking cessation for inclusion in trials, but at the cost of reduced generalisability through exclusion of participants who would receive the intervention if it were implemented in practice. We would recommend researchers carefully consider whether it is appropriate and necessary to include biochemical verification as an inclusion criterion.</p>","PeriodicalId":43361,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Use Insights","volume":"16 ","pages":"1179173X231193898"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10426292/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10303701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protective Behavioural Mechanisms Against Cannabis Use Among Adolescents in Cannabis-Growing Settings of South Africa: Insights Into Adolescent Cannabis Use Prevention.","authors":"Emmanuel Manu, Mbuyiselo Douglas, Mohlomi Jafta Ntsaba, Bekwa Makaula, Elvis Enowbeyang Tarkang","doi":"10.1177/1179173X221146040","DOIUrl":"10.1177/1179173X221146040","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We aimed to explore the behavioural protective mechanisms against cannabis use among adolescents living in South African illicit cannabis-growing communities, based on the Self Determination Theory (SDT). Exploratory qualitative design techniques were followed in conducting the study. The snowball sampling technique was used to recruit thirty (30) non-cannabis smoking adolescents from 2 purposively selected communities and grouped into 4 focus groups and interviewed. A semi-structured focus group interview guide was used to moderate the discussions. Data were analysed inductively, using the ATLAS. ti software. Nine behavioural coping mechanisms, grouped under intrinsic and extrinsic protective behavioural mechanisms, protected participants from using cannabis. Intrinsically, participants' determination not to engage in bad behaviours, focus on their academic work during their free periods, their non-financial dependence on cannabis-using peers, self-preservation to ensure good marriages, and religious beliefs on substance abuse motivated them to not use cannabis. On the other hand, the concept of <i>Ukuphoxa</i> (preservation of family dignity), fear of arrest, fear of being tagged a social deviant, and the fear of contracting illnesses such as lung cancer served as protective behavioural mechanisms against cannabis use. Health promotion and education programmes for adolescents on non-cannabis use in communities where illicit cannabis abounds must identify and draw on contextual intrinsic and extrinsic motivations that ensure non-cannabis use.</p>","PeriodicalId":43361,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Use Insights","volume":"15 ","pages":"1179173X221146040"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/07/42/10.1177_1179173X221146040.PMC9761203.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10418392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>This Free Life</i> Campaign: Increasing Intention to Quit Among LGBTQ+ Young Adult Nondaily Smokers in Minneapolis.","authors":"Shiloh Beckerley,&nbsp;Priscilla Fernandez,&nbsp;Chris Matter,&nbsp;Dana Wagner,&nbsp;Brandon Tate,&nbsp;Jeff Jordan","doi":"10.1177/1179173X221133978","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1179173X221133978","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>LGBTQ+ young adults smoke at disproportionately higher rates than their non-LGBTQ+ counterparts, but prevention efforts are limited. Furthermore, prior to <i>This Free Life</i> (<i>TFL</i>), no known campaigns target LGBTQ+ <i>nondaily</i> smokers. In this study Blue Cross and Blue Shield of Minnesota evaluated a local partnership extension of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Center for Tobacco Products' <i>TFL</i> campaign.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The intervention featured a variety of LGBTQ+-tailored events, social/digital media, and out-of-home media placed in locations with a high density of LGBTQ+ young adults. Cross-sectional surveys (n = 1215) were collected from LGBTQ+ young adult (18-26) nondaily smokers at 4 time points between 2016 and 2019. The national <i>TFL</i> campaign was tracked in a separate evaluation conducted by the FDA.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>43.0% of nondaily LGBTQ+ smokers reported awareness of the campaign (n = 522), and 63.4% of those also engaged with <i>TFL</i> (n = 330)<i>.</i> Engagement was highest for gay, lesbian and transgender participants, and for Asian and Black/African American participants. Each additional instance of campaign engagement increased participants' odds of intending to quit smoking by 20% (<i>AOR</i> = 1.20; 95% CI = 1.05, 1.36). The relationship between campaign engagement and intention to quit was fully mediated by the campaign's impact on attitudes against smoking and perceived normative trends, but not by perceived behavioral control.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The local extension of <i>TFL</i> increased intentions to quit for LGBTQ+ nondaily smokers. Future research should further explore the relationship between perceived behavioral control and intentions to quit for nondaily smokers.</p>","PeriodicalId":43361,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Use Insights","volume":" ","pages":"1179173X221133978"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/bd/c1/10.1177_1179173X221133978.PMC9577091.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40561795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Public Spitting During Pandemic Times in India","authors":"R. Saha, V. Keshri, B. Chauhan, Suresh Jungari","doi":"10.1177/1179173X211036668","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1179173X211036668","url":null,"abstract":"Traditionally the act of public spitting has been a putative “socio-cultural problem” in India. With the growing intensity of COVID-19 pandemic in India, it is of a predominant public health concern as evidence indicates sputum to be the potential reservoir of COVID-19 virus particles which could be easily transmitted. Despite being a significant public health issue, which is also linked to several other communicable diseases most notably tuberculosis (apart from COVID-19), this indiscriminate behavior has not received the due policy attention warranted. National and sub-national government enforcements and community level mass prudence to control this issue have been significantly dismal. Therefore, we aim to propose policy recommendations for short-term and long-term actions to prioritize this issue. The commentary advocates for immediate attention from national level policymakers and public health agencies to collectively respond to this issue and prevent (mitigate) any additional public health sufferings arising from this. Keywords: Public spitting, COVID-19, transmission, policy, India, smokeless tobacco.","PeriodicalId":43361,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Use Insights","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42471860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"When Hotel Guests Complain About Tobacco, Electronic Cigarettes, and Cannabis: Lessons for Implementing Smoking Bans.","authors":"Elizabeth Ad Weigel,&nbsp;Georg E Matt","doi":"10.1177/1179173X221124900","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1179173X221124900","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We analyzed reviews on tripadvisor.com from a random sample of N = 477 hotels in ten large cities in the US to examine how well existing policies protect guests from exposure to tobacco, electronic cigarette, and cannabis (TEC) smoke. We examined the association between complaints per 100 reviews with hotel smoking policies, star rating, cost, brand, and location. Of all TEC complaints, 80% were associated with thirdhand smoke residue lingering in hotels from previous guests. Compared to the hotel brands with the best records, the two worst-performing brands had 3.4- and 3.6-times higher complaint rates (<i>P</i> < .001). Hotels with ≤2-star ratings had twice the complaints as higher-rated hotels (<i>P</i> < .001). Compared to 100% smokefree hotels, those offering designated smoking rooms had a 35% higher rate of complaints (<i>P</i> < .05). The success of some hotel brands demonstrates it is feasible to protect guests by fully committing to, implementing, and enforcing 100% smokefree building policies.</p>","PeriodicalId":43361,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Use Insights","volume":" ","pages":"1179173X221124900"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/5f/e4/10.1177_1179173X221124900.PMC9449509.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33459787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Smoking on SARS-CoV-2 Positivity: A Study of <b>a Large Health System</b> in Northern and Central California.","authors":"Jiang Li,&nbsp;Meghan C Martinez,&nbsp;Dominick L Frosch,&nbsp;Georg E Matt","doi":"10.1177/1179173X221114799","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1179173X221114799","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>COVID-19 continues to impact vulnerable populations disproportionally. Identifying modifiable risk factors could lead to targeted interventions to reduce infections. The purpose of this study is to identify risk factors for testing positive for SARS-CoV-2.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using electronic health records collected from a large ambulatory care system in northern and central California, the study identified patients who had a test for SARS-CoV-2 between 2/20/2020 and 3/31/2021. The adjusted effect of active and passive smoking and other risk factors on the probability of testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 were estimated using multivariable logistic regression. Analyses were conducted in 2021.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 556 690 eligible patients in our sample, 70 564 (12.7%) patients tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. Younger age, being male, racial/ethnic minorities, and having mild major comorbidities were significantly associated with a positive SARS-CoV-2 test. Current smokers (adjusted OR: 0.69, 95% CI: 0.66-0.73) and former smokers (adjusted OR: 0.92, 95% CI: 0.89-0.95) were less likely than nonsmokers to be lab-confirmed positive, but no statistically significant differences were found when comparing passive smokers with non-smokers. The patients with missing smoking status (25.7%) were more likely to be members of vulnerable populations with major comorbidities (adjusted OR ranges from severe: 2.52, 95% CI = 2.36-2.69 to mild: 3.28, 95% CI = 3.09-3.48), lower income (adjusted OR: 0.85, 95% CI: 0.85-0.86), aged 80 years or older (adjusted OR: 1.11, 95% CI: 1.07-1.16), have less access to primary care (adjusted OR: 0.07, 95% CI: 0.07-0.07), and identify as racial ethnic minorities (adjusted OR ranges from Hispanic: 1.61, 95% CI = 1.56-1.65 to Non-Hispanic Black: 2.60, 95% CI = 2.5-2.69).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings suggest that the odds of testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 were significantly lower in smokers compared to nonsmokers. Other risk factors include missing data on smoking status, being under 18, being male, being a racial/ethnic minority, and having mild major comorbidities. Since those with missing data on smoking status were more likely to be members of vulnerable populations with higher smoking rates, the risk of testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 among smokers may have been underestimated due to missing data on smoking status. Future studies should investigate the risk of severe outcomes among active and passive smokers, the role that exposure to tobacco smoke constitutes among nonsmokers, the role of comorbidities in COVID-19 disease course, and health disparities experienced by disadvantaged groups.</p>","PeriodicalId":43361,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Use Insights","volume":" ","pages":"1179173X221114799"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/9e/3c/10.1177_1179173X221114799.PMC9373122.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40413436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Re: Effects of Abstinence Self-Efficacy and Outcome Expectancies of Tobacco Smoking on the Desire to Quit Among Saudi Women: A Cross-Sectional Mediation Analysis.","authors":"Sanjaya Regmi,&nbsp;Kenneth D Ward","doi":"10.1177/1179173X221110521","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1179173X221110521","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This letter offers commentary on Alanazi and colleagues recent analysis of desire to quit tobacco use among Saudi women, and suggestions for future studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":43361,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Use Insights","volume":" ","pages":"1179173X221110521"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/38/55/10.1177_1179173X221110521.PMC9301102.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40534624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electronic Vapor Product Use and Levels of Physical Activity Among High School Students in Georgia.","authors":"Janani Rajbhandari-Thapa,&nbsp;Kiran Thapa,&nbsp;Yan Li,&nbsp;Justin B Ingels,&nbsp;Lu Shi,&nbsp;Donglan Zhang,&nbsp;Ye Shen,&nbsp;Kathryn Chiang","doi":"10.1177/1179173X221101786","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1179173X221101786","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Using a cross-sectional population-based survey, electronic vapor product (EVP) use was evaluated in relation to physical activity levels among high school students in Georgia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used self-reported EVP and cigarette use from the <i>Georgia Student Health Survey 2.0</i> data from 2018 (N =362 933) and used multi-level multinomial logistic regression models to estimate relative risks of the type of product use relative to no-use by levels of physical activity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Nearly 7% of the students were EVP-only users. The relative risks of being an EVP-only user were 11% and 23% higher for those who were physically active 2-3 days/week and 4-5 days/week, respectively, compared to those who were physically active <=1 day/week.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Being physically active was positively associated with EVP use among adolescents. Health promotion education and health policies should be developed as a means of reducing EVP use among adolescents.</p>","PeriodicalId":43361,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Use Insights","volume":" ","pages":"1179173X221101786"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/5d/85/10.1177_1179173X221101786.PMC9251971.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40477149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Longitudinal Impact of Arrest, Criminal Conviction, and Incarceration on Smoking Classes","authors":"Connie Hassett-Walker","doi":"10.1177/1179173X221089710","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1179173X221089710","url":null,"abstract":"Background Previous research identifies three to six smoking classes over the life course. This study expands on earlier work about the impact of getting arrested in early adulthood on individuals’ smoking classes, by including additional, more serious measures of justice system involvement (JSI), specifically criminal conviction and incarceration. Family processes were examined as secondary outcomes. Method Data from seventeen waves (1997-2015) of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth were analyzed via group-based trajectory modeling (GBTM), multinomial logistic regression, and latent transition analyses (LTA). Smoking behavior through age 36 is examined. Marital status, parenthood, juvenile smoking, juvenile arrest, and prior crime victimization experiences were also included in the models. Results Seven smoking classes were revealed: two low- or non-smoking classes; two decreasing classes; and three “problem” smoking (e.g., increasing, or chronic) classes. All JSI types increased the likelihood of being in a smoking class rather than a non-smoking class. Arrest and conviction had larger odds ratios than the most severe form of JSI—incarceration—with respect to respondents’ likelihood of being in an increasing or chronic smoking class. Juvenile smoking was the most robust predictor of smoking in adulthood. Conclusion Involvement with the justice system in all forms remains a negative health factor that increases smoking. While not typically a goal of criminal justice officials, attention should be paid to this unintended consequence of involvement with the justice system—increased smoking—given smoking’s connection to serious illnesses such as cancer. As juvenile smoking is a strong risk factor for adult smoking, smoking prevention and cessation programs should start with youth; and be part of the offerings to individuals ensnared in the justice system at all levels.","PeriodicalId":43361,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Use Insights","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43498136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}