Tobacco Use Insights最新文献

{"title":"Positive Association Between Family and Teachers' Tobacco Use on the Smoking Behaviors of Iraqi Adolescents Attending Schools - A Cross Sectional Study Using the Global Youth Tobacco Survey.","authors":"Fatima Al-Binali, Soha R Dargham, Ziyad R Mahfoud","doi":"10.1177/1179173X241283468","DOIUrl":"10.1177/1179173X241283468","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> Adolescent tobacco and E-cigarette use have been rising globally in the past decade. Iraq's post-war conflict and economic crises posed psychosocial and mental health trauma, contributing to increased vulnerability to drug and substance use among adolescents. This study looks to assess the potential relationship between current tobacco and E-cigarette smoking and exposure to smoking at home and school among Iraqi adolescents attending schools. <b>Methods:</b> Data analysis for the 2019 Iraq Global Youth Tobacco Survey, a cross-sectional study completed by 2560 Iraqi adolescents aged 11 to 17 years old was conducted. The survey tool which includes demographic, tobacco use, knowledge and attitudes towards tobacco use questions is anonymous and self-administered using paper-based bubble sheets that are scannable. Current tobacco and E-cigarette use (defined as past 30-days) were the main outcomes. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to assess the relationship between the main outcomes and the following variables: participants' demographics, exposure to smoking, attitude and knowledge scores. <b>Results:</b> Current tobacco and E-cigarette smoking prevalence among Iraqi adolescents attending school were 14.9% (95% CI: 13.5%-16.4%) and 9.7% (95% CI: 8.6%-11.0%), respectively. Exposure to smoking at home was high among fathers (39.1%), mothers (13.9%), siblings smoke (23.9%), other individuals smoke (56.1%). The percentages of students who witnessed people smoking within school premises was 45.7% and observed teachers smoking in schools was 57.6%. The current use of tobacco smoking among Iraqi adolescents was significantly and positively associated with exposure to smoking by the father (AOR = 1.39; 95% CI: 1.05-1.85), mother (AOR = 1.84; 95% CI: 1.30-2.60), sibling (AOR = 3.50; 95% CI: 2.62-4.67), teacher (AOR = 1.48; 95% CI: 1.10-1.98), and people in school (AOR = 1.99; 95% CI: 1.57-2.53). Similarly, the current use of E-cigarettes was significantly associated with father smoking (AOR = 2.02; 95% CI: 1.29-3.16), sibling smoking (AOR = 3.09; 95% CI: 2.04-4.67), and people smoking in school (AOR2.02; 95% CI: 1.39-2.95). <b>Conclusion:</b> Stricter policies need to be enforced to ensure safer school environments that do not expose adolescents to smoking habits of teachers or other students.</p>","PeriodicalId":43361,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Use Insights","volume":"17 ","pages":"1179173X241283468"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11418361/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142308708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inequalities in Smoking and E-Cigarette Use in Young Adults With Mental Ill-Health, 20 years After Ireland's Smoking Ban.","authors":"Joan Hanafin, Salome Sunday, Luke Clancy","doi":"10.1177/1179173X241283744","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1179173X241283744","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Ireland's Smoking Ban reduced health inequalities known to be associated with smoking but some groups may not have benefitted. Mental ill-health and smoking are known to be associated with health inequalities. Whether similar patterns exist for e-cigarette use is less clear, as few data exist. <b>Objectives:</b> To examine: (1) self-reported doctor-diagnosed mental ill-health in Irish 20-year-olds; (2) smoking, e-cigarette, and dual use in those with and without mental ill-health; and (3) protective and risk factors for smoking and e-cigarette use in these groups. <b>Methods:</b> We use cross-sectional data from 20 year-olds in Wave 4 of <i>Growing Up in Ireland</i> Child Cohort. They were asked to self-report mental ill-health which had been diagnosed by a clinician, and their smoking and e-cigarette use. All analyses were performed using SPSS v27. <b>Results:</b> 19.4% (n = 1008) of the total sample (n = 4729) reported a mental ill-health diagnosis. Comparing those with and without, those with mental ill-health had significantly higher prevalence of current smoking (47%, n = 419 vs 36%, n = 1361; OR 1.57, CI: 1.36, 1.82), e-cigarette use (17%, n = 152 vs 13%, n = 485; OR 1.40, CI:1.15, 1.70), and dual use (12%, n = 109 vs 9%, n = 328; OR 1.46, CI:1.16, 1.84). Risk factors for smoking and e-cigarette use were, earlier smoking initiation, peers or primary caregivers who smoked, being in paid employment, one-parent family background, and social media use. Being female was protective. Most risk factors were significantly higher in young adults with mental ill-health but, after adjusting for these variables, respondents with mental ill-health still have significantly higher adjusted higher odds of smoking (aOR 1.28, CI:1.05, 1.56). <b>Conclusions:</b> Inequalities in smoking and e-cigarette use in young adults with mental ill-health are evident 20 years after Ireland's National Smoking Ban. Despite extensive Tobacco Control interventions in the past 20 years, there is still need in Ireland for new targeted interventions to reduce health inequalities for left-behind young smokers with mental ill-health.</p>","PeriodicalId":43361,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Use Insights","volume":"17 ","pages":"1179173X241283744"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11406488/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142297897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trends in Level of Implementation of the WHO FCTC Article 5.3 in India.","authors":"Shalini Bassi, Mansi Chopra, Aastha Chugh, Shivangi Das, Upendra Bhojani, Gaurang P Nazar, Adhip Amin, Jhumki Dutta, Pranay Lal, P C Gupta, Monika Arora","doi":"10.1177/1179173X241271543","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1179173X241271543","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The tobacco industry intends to ensure continuing marketing of tobacco products by influencing and interfering in tobacco control policies. This paper assessed trends of tobacco industry interference (TII), the level of implementation, and the government's response to enforcing Article 5.3 guidelines in India to safeguard tobacco control efforts from commercial and other vested interests of the tobacco industry.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a descriptive comparative analysis of four consecutive India TII Indexes (January 2018-December 2021) based on the seven key 5.3 recommendations and twenty indicators to capture (i) the Level of Industry Participation, (ii) Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Activities, (iii) Benefits to the Tobacco Industry, (iv) Forms of Unnecessary Interactions, (v) Transparency, (vi) Conflict of Interest, and (vii) Preventive Measures. The Southeast Asia Tobacco Control Alliance's (SEATCA) TII Index was used to undertake this assessment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The comparative analysis showed that the overall score of the India TII Indexes over the years decreased from 72 (2018) to 57 (2021). Improvements were shown over the years in adherence to Article 5.3 for limiting unnecessary interactions with the tobacco industry, avoiding conflicts of interest, and having preventive measures. However, major gaps were observed in restricting industry participation, regulating their so-called CSR, providing benefits to the industry in the form of incentives, exemptions, and maintaining transparency.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study provides the status of implementing Article 5.3 and its guidelines in India. Given the gaps in the existing measures, India needs to comprehensively adopt Article 5.3 guidelinesin all states and union territories adopting whole-of-government approach. There is an urgent need to establish an observatory for periodic compilation of the TII indexes to monitor the tobacco industry and report violations at the national and sub-national levels.</p>","PeriodicalId":43361,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Use Insights","volume":"17 ","pages":"1179173X241271543"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11393799/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142297898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exposure to Smoking as a Predictor of ADHD Subtypes Among Children Within Saudi Arabia: An Observational Study.","authors":"Abeer Zakariyah, Sulafa Al Qutub, Sereen Kazim, Reman Alharbi, Hams Alharthi, Hadeel Alharbi, Maram Albassami, Mehenaz Hanbazazh, Morooj Mahnashi","doi":"10.1177/1179173X241283765","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1179173X241283765","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Previous studies have found an association between maternal smoking and an increased risk of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in offspring. However, the prevalence of maternal smoking, secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure during pregnancy, and ADHD in children within the Saudi Arabian context is not well-documented.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To explore the prevalence of maternal smoking and SHS exposure during pregnancy among mothers of children diagnosed with ADHD and investigate exposure to smoking as a predictor of ADHD subtypes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted from December 1, 2022, to February 28, 2023, using an online questionnaire. The study included 217 parents of children aged 4-17 years diagnosed with ADHD and without a family history of the disorder. Data on sociodemographic determinants, academic achievement, ADHD types, and maternal smoking habits during pregnancy were collected.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the mothers surveyed, 6.4% reported smoking during pregnancy, while 41% were exposed to SHS. The study found a predominance of the combined subtype of ADHD among the children. Logistic regression analysis revealed that families with monthly income <10 000 SR were 2.6 times more likely to have a child with inattentive or hyperactive ADHD (<i>P</i> < 0.03). Male gender was associated with a 46% reduced likelihood of these subtypes (<i>P</i> < 0.03). SHS smoking and active exposure to smoking during pregnancy did not show any significant effect on ADHD.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study found that child gender and family income were significantly associated with the distribution of ADHD subtypes, while maternal smoking and SHS exposure during pregnancy did not show a significant association. The high prevalence of SHS exposure emphasizes the need for increased public health awareness and interventions to promote smoke-free environments during pregnancy.</p>","PeriodicalId":43361,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Use Insights","volume":"17 ","pages":"1179173X241283765"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11384971/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142297987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trends and Disparities in Waterpipe Tobacco Smoking Among US Adolescents and Adults: PATH Study 2013-2021.","authors":"Mohammad Ebrahimi Kalan, Wei Li, Olatokunbo Osibogun, Rime Jebai, Prem Gautam, Olufemi Erinoso, Seyede Yasaman Alemohammad, Sheida Khosravaniardakani, Ghader Dargahi Abbasabad, Raed Behaleh, Kenneth D Ward, Zoran Bursac, Ziyad Ben Taleb","doi":"10.1177/1179173X241275352","DOIUrl":"10.1177/1179173X241275352","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Waterpipe tobacco smoking (WTS) is a popular mode of nicotine delivery among young people. We examined the trends and disparities in WTS from 2013 to 2021 among US adolescents and adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data were from Wave 1 (initially conducted among 32 320 adults and 13 651 adolescents) to Wave 6 (2013-2021) of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study. We assessed the weighted prevalence of ever and current (past 30-day) WTS for adults and adolescents across waves stratified by demographics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From 2013-2021 among adolescents, the prevalence of ever and current WTS decreased by 86.5% (7.4% to 1.00%; <i>p</i> = 0.0364) and 97.1% (1.65% to 0.05%; <i>p</i> = 0.0012), respectively. Despite the decreasing trends among adolescents across all waves, females had a higher prevalence of ever and current WTS compared to males (<i>p</i> <i>'s</i> < 0.001 for all trends). Hispanics had the highest prevalence of ever WTS compared to other races/ethnicities (<i>p</i> <i>'s</i> < 0.001). Adolescents aged 15-17 had a higher (except Wave 6) prevalence of ever and current WTS than 12-14 years old (<i>p</i> <i>'s</i> < 0.001). For adults, the prevalence of ever WTS increased by 27.4% (16.39% to 20.92%; <i>p</i> = 0.0006), and current WTS decreased by 45.5% (2.19% to 1.24%; <i>p</i> = 0.0012). Young adults aged 18-24 experienced increasing trends in WTS and had the highest prevalence of ever and current WTS compared to other age groups (<i>p</i> <i>'s</i> < 0.001) across all waves.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our study indicates a notable decrease in adolescent WTS prevalence from 2013 to 2021 but an increase of ever WTS among adults. Demographic differences underscore disparities in WTS, calling for tailored interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":43361,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Use Insights","volume":"17 ","pages":"1179173X241275352"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11363053/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142113201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tobacco and Nicotine Products Adverse Health Events: Findings From the FDA Safety Reporting Portal.","authors":"Steven Alec Barrientos, Danny Dabroy, Mohammad Ebrahimi Kalan, Linnea Irina Laestadius, Ziyad Ben Taleb","doi":"10.1177/1179173X241279674","DOIUrl":"10.1177/1179173X241279674","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The FDA oversees regulatory aspects of all U.S. tobacco products. Understanding the impact of emerging health trends and incidents associated with various tobacco and nicotine products is vital for public health. This study utilizes the FDA's Tobacco Product Problem Reports (TPPRs) to characterize and track adverse health events (AHEs) associated with tobacco and nicotine products over time, considering the impact of EVALI and the COVID-19 pandemic.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>FDA TPPRs from 2017-2022 provided information on AHEs related to various tobacco products. After data cleaning, 839 reports were categorized by two independent coders based on affected health category, frequency of AHEs reports, and proportion of AHEs per each health category. Additionally, variations in AHEs over time were assessed, considering major health events like EVALI and the COVID-19 pandemic.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 839 reports, electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) were the primary product of concern, comprising 90.6% (n = 760) of all reports, surpassing traditional cigarettes (5.1%; n = 43) and other products. Notably, 45.6% of reports (n = 383) identified the neurological system as the most frequently mentioned health category, each reporting at least one AHE. This was followed by the respiratory (39.1%; n = 328) and digestive (10.7%; n = 90) systems. Among all reported AHEs, respiratory system issues were most frequent (25.9%; n = 512), closely followed by neurological (25.2%; n = 499) and digestive (6.6%; n = 131) concerns. Most reports occurred in 2019 (65.7%; n = 551), coinciding with the EVALI outbreak, with a subsequent decline post-Q3 2019, highlighting the potential impact of specific health crises on reporting trends.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>E-cigarettes dominated adverse health reports, particularly affecting the neurological and respiratory systems, with a peak in 2019. Our findings provide insights to regulatory entities and future research, enhancing understanding of AHEs in lesser-explored bodily systems, such as the neurological and digestive systems. This study emphasizes the need for ongoing and improved surveillance of emerging tobacco products to protect public health.</p>","PeriodicalId":43361,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Use Insights","volume":"17 ","pages":"1179173X241279674"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11363042/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142113200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adolescent E-Cigarette Expectancies: Measure Development and Preliminary Validity of the Electronic Nicotine Vaping Outcomes Measure for Youth.","authors":"Paul T Harrell, Kelli J England, Tracey E Barnett, Vani N Simmons, Richard W Handel, Amy C Paulson","doi":"10.1177/1179173X241266563","DOIUrl":"10.1177/1179173X241266563","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Electronic nicotine delivery systems (\"e-cigarettes\") are the nicotine product most commonly used by adolescents. Research, treatment, and policy could benefit from measures of adolescent e-cigarette beliefs about outcomes of use (ie, expectancies). In the current study, we developed and tested an adolescent electronic nicotine vaping expectancy measure.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A focus group with adolescents evaluated potential e-cigarette expectancy items. A panel of national experts assisted in revision of these items. Finally, items were administered to a sample of adolescents 14-17 years old (N = 267, <i>Mean age</i> 15.6, <i>SD</i> = 1.1, 50.9% Female, 50.2% Non-Hispanic White, 22.5% Non-Hispanic Black, 14.2% Hispanic) in a large Southeastern metropolitan area in the United States.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Exploratory Factor Analysis revealed a four factor solution: Negative Consequences (Cronbach's α = .92); Positive Reinforcement (α = .83); Negative Affect Reduction (α = .95); and Weight Control (α = .89). Subscales were significantly correlated with vaping susceptibility and lifetime vaping. Subscales successfully differentiated susceptible adolescents from confirmed non-susceptible adolescents, with susceptible adolescents reporting more positive expectancies, eg, Positive Reinforcement, <i>M</i> = 5.0, <i>SD</i> = 2.0 vs <i>M</i> = 3.0, <i>SD</i> = 2.1, <i>P</i> < .001, η² = 0.19, and less negative expectancies, <i>M</i> = 5.5, <i>SD</i> = 2.3 vs <i>M</i> = 6.5, <i>SD</i> = 2.6, <i>P</i> = .001, η² = 0.04. Similar results were found comparing adolescents who have never vaped nicotine with those who have vaped nicotine. Hierarchical linear regression demonstrated subscales were significant predictors of lifetime vaping after controlling for demographics, vaping ad exposure, and peer/family vaping.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A preliminary version of an adolescent expectancy measure appears reliable and valid based on expert input and pilot testing with adolescents. Promising results were found in the domains of concurrent validity, discriminant validity, and incremental validity. Future research and evaluation efforts will be able to use this tool to further prevention and treatment goals.</p>","PeriodicalId":43361,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Use Insights","volume":"17 ","pages":"1179173X241266563"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11348368/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142082121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Activity of the Tobacco Industry in Research and Scientific Literature.","authors":"Markus Braun, Doris Klingelhöfer, Dörthe Brüggmann, David A Groneberg","doi":"10.1177/1179173X241271566","DOIUrl":"10.1177/1179173X241271566","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Tobacco companies conduct and fund research. They are not always interested in open-ended research. They promote their interests through public relations campaigns. It's a proven fact that they influence the scientific community by impairing scientific reputation, especially in the case of health-related research.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To obtain a comprehensive picture of research and funding activities of the tobacco industry as well as studies about the tobacco industry, respective scientific articles were analyzed in terms of temporal aspects, research areas, networking, and funding sources using established and advanced bibliometric methods.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found the foci of publications with tobacco industry involvement or funding were mainly in chemistry, toxicology, pharmacology, and agricultural sciences. Health-related scopes occurred much less frequently. In contrast, health and medical sciences were the main focus of publications on the tobacco industry. The Chinese state-owned CNTC was the most research-involved tobacco company and often networked with Chinese academic institutions. Whereas, Western universities, on the other hand, collaborated with tobacco companies to a much lesser extent.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Conflicts of interest of researchers or academic institutions with the tobacco industry occur repeatedly. That is highly problematic and should not be ignored by the scientific community. The science and the public should be skeptical about tobacco industry-supported research.</p>","PeriodicalId":43361,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Use Insights","volume":"17 ","pages":"1179173X241271566"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11334150/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142009652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Economic Costs of Tobacco Related Illnesses in Kenya.","authors":"Daniel Mwai, Gladwell Gathecha, David Njuguna, Jane Ongango, Valerian Mwenda, Dorcas Kiptui, Ann Kendagor, Samuel Cheburet, Shukri Mohamed, Florence Jaguga, Beatrice Mugi, Kennedy Okinda, Lazarus Odeny, Easter Olwanda, Micheal K Boachie","doi":"10.1177/1179173X241272385","DOIUrl":"10.1177/1179173X241272385","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To estimate the economic costs of selected tobacco-related illnesses (TRI) in Kenya in 2022.</p><p><strong>Research design and methods: </strong>This study was conducted in 2 phases. Phase 1, conducted between 2021 and 2022, entailed conducting a cross-sectional study conducted in 4 national public referral hospitals in Kenya. Patients with cardiovascular disease, cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or tuberculosis were interviewed to compute the indirect and direct medical costs related to the illness. Activity-Based Costing approach was used to capture costs for services along the continuum of care pathway. In the second phase, the Tobacco Attributable Factor was used to estimate the direct, indirect, and ultimately economic cost due to tobacco smoking.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The estimated health care cost attributed to tobacco use in Kenya is US$396,107,364. Among TRIs included in the study, myocardial infarction had the highest health care cost at US$158,687,627, followed by peripheral arterial disease and stroke with health care cost of US$64,723,181 and US$44,746,700 respectively. The main cost driver across all the illnesses is the cost for medication accounting for over 90% of the total health care cost. The productivity losses from the diseases ranged between US$148 to US$360 and accounted for 27% to 48% of the economic costs. The total cost attributable to tobacco use to Kenya's economy for the selected TRIs was between US$544.74 million and US$756.22 million.</p><p><strong>Conclusions/interpretation: </strong>Tobacco related illnesses impose a significant economic burden as reported for direct and indirect costs. These findings underscore the need for strengthened implementation of the provision of the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control and the Tobacco Control Act (2007) to facilitate a reduction in tobacco consumption in the population.</p>","PeriodicalId":43361,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Use Insights","volume":"17 ","pages":"1179173X241272385"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11320408/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141976913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of a Smoking Cessation Education Program on the Knowledge, Attitude, and Self-Efficacy of Community Pharmacists in Japan: A Quasi-Experimental Study.","authors":"Mitsuko Onda, Michiko Horiguchi, Masayuki Domichi, Naoki Sakane","doi":"10.1177/1179173X241272362","DOIUrl":"10.1177/1179173X241272362","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Supporting smoking cessation at pharmacies can be challenging owing to difficulties in recruiting smokers to participate in cessation programs, insufficient communication skills among pharmacists, and lack of knowledge and self-efficacy in successfully quitting smoking in Japan.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study evaluates the effectiveness of a smoking cessation training program on community pharmacists' knowledge, attitude, and self-efficacy in supporting smoking cessation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study, conducted in Japanese pharmacies with 100 community pharmacists, employed a quasi-experimental design. Two online training programs were implemented. Participants completed a web-based survey assessing their knowledge, attitude, and self-efficacy in supporting smoking cessation before, immediately after, and 1 year after the training program. A two-way analysis of variance with a mixed model was used to examine score changes at each time point.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Total knowledge scores significantly increased between baseline and immediately after training and baseline and 1 year after training. The total attitude scores between baseline and immediately after training differed significantly. However, no differences were noted between baseline and 1 year after training. Total self-efficacy scores significantly increased at baseline, immediately after training, and between baseline and 1 year after training. Despite no significant interactions between the programs, there was a partial interaction effect on knowledge, with only the customized program having items whose knowledge levels improved after 1 year.</p><p><strong>Conclusion and relevance: </strong>The training program improved community pharmacists' knowledge, attitude, and self-efficacy regarding smoking cessation support. The customized program must be reinforced to improve support performance and maintain attitude.</p>","PeriodicalId":43361,"journal":{"name":"Tobacco Use Insights","volume":"17 ","pages":"1179173X241272362"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11311180/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141917660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}