History & Memory最新文献

{"title":"Commemorating Irish and Scottish Famine Migrants in Glasgow: Migration, Community Memories and the Social Uses of Heritage","authors":"Laurence Gouriévidis","doi":"10.2979/ham.2023.a906483","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/ham.2023.a906483","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Public commemoration and performance are closely bound up with time, place and social arenas, the memorialization of the past serving a variety of goals. This article considers the memorialization of the experience of the famine that blighted Ireland and northern Scotland during the Victorian period, and focuses on Glasgow, one of Scotland's major cities and the destination of many famine migrants. It explores the instrumental use of the famine past in the public sphere in a city long haunted by the specter of sectarianism and considers the impact of the choices made by different collectives in the process of heritage making and remembrance of uncomfortable/difficult aspects of the past.","PeriodicalId":43327,"journal":{"name":"History & Memory","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135347008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Slavery, Collective Memory and the Urban Landscape: The Rise, Fall and Rise of Liverpool's Statue of William Huskisson","authors":"Richard Millington","doi":"10.2979/histmemo.35.2.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/histmemo.35.2.05","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: In 1982, residents of Liverpool pulled a statue of William Huskisson from its plinth. Today, a plaque at the site states that the sculpture was removed by \"activists offended at Huskisson's role in supporting slavery.\" Less than a mile away, however, one finds Huskisson's effigy, reerected, with no reference to slavery. This article traces the history of the rise, fall and rise of the Huskisson statue in order to examine how collective memory shapes the urban landscape and informs local communities' interaction with it. It also reflects on the nature of memory conflicts and the processing of unresolved events in the past.","PeriodicalId":43327,"journal":{"name":"History & Memory","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135691374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From the Editor","authors":"Scott Ury","doi":"10.2979/ham.2023.a885266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/ham.2023.a885266","url":null,"abstract":"From the Editor Scott Ury The current issue of History & Memory delves deep into many of the major themes that continue to be of interest to scholars of historical memory, including World War II, the fate of minority communities, the implications of new technologies and the intersection between these and other questions in lands beyond North America and Europe. The issue begins with Benjamin Tromly's intriguing discussion regarding the changing attitudes of different sectors of post-Soviet Russian society toward Andrei Andreevich Vlasov, a Soviet general who sought to create a Russian Liberation Army under German auspices during World War II. Tromly demonstrates how \"the debate over Vlasov points to the fractured and unproductive nature of national collective memory in Russia\" (3). In particular, Tromly's article highlights the different ways in which World War II continues to serve as a major flashpoint—and therefore also as a point of common discourse—for disputes over historical memory across the European continent, from Paris to St. Petersburg. The following contribution, by Volha Bartash, also considers the memory of World War II but shifts the focus from national debates to the experiences of a minority community by examining the memorial to Roma genocide victims in Navasyady, Belarus, which over five decades evolved from a standard Soviet war memorial to general, abstract \"victims of fascism\" into a family memorial designed by survivors of the 1942 massacre. Exploring the memorial's various meanings for the family, authorities, local residents and the Roma community, the article shows the role played by different mnemonic communities in the commemoration of the Roma genocide within the wider context of memory politics in contemporary Belarus. The events of World War II also lie at the center of Steffi de Jong's exploration of the advantages and disadvantages of using virtual reality technology to enable users to witness Nazi concentration and death camps or even take on the role of a victim. Analyzing a number of VR projects [End Page 1] that are in various stages of production, de Jong probes \"what it means to be a witness to the Holocaust that such VR experiences entail\" (71). The turn to wondrous new technologies allows the author to raise larger methodological questions regarding memory and its relationship to the past, including the question of whether such new media can \"generate a reality that is experienced as being as real as the actual reality\" (75), and whether the VR experience encourages or discourages historical empathy. Empathy for the past and the role that new technologies can play in promoting, diverting or preempting its development lie at the core of Pieter Van den Heede's analysis of how players experience two video games that address World War II and the Holocaust, Wolfenstein: The New Order and Call of Duty: WWII. Through an analysis of discussions with a number of focus groups, the author examines how \"players const","PeriodicalId":43327,"journal":{"name":"History & Memory","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135533019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"Press Escape to Skip Concentration Camp\"? Player Reflections on Engagement with the Holocaust through Digital Gaming","authors":"Pieter Van den Heede","doi":"10.2979/ham.2023.a885270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/ham.2023.a885270","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Digital entertainment games about World War II have long omitted references to the Holocaust. This article presents a focus group study on how players discuss their experiences of playing two games that do offer a representation of the Holocaust, Wolfenstein: The New Order and Call of Duty: WWII . It explores questions of digital memory by examining how players reflect on these games as historical representations and, in particular, how they reflect on engaging with the Holocaust through gameplay. To analyze players' reactions to engaging with sensitive and contentious pasts through gaming, I develop the concept \"gaming fever.\"","PeriodicalId":43327,"journal":{"name":"History & Memory","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135532792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Memorial to Roma Genocide Victims in Navasyady, Belarus: Shifting Meanings and Mnemonic Communities","authors":"Volha Bartash","doi":"10.2979/ham.2023.a885268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/ham.2023.a885268","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: This article investigates the story behind the memorial to Roma genocide victims in Navasyady, Belarus, which is marked by plaques and symbols from different epochs and commemorative traditions. After examining the official commemoration, from the first Soviet memorial \"to the victims of fascism\" in 1967 to the regional and national memory politics in post-Soviet Belarus, it focuses on the family commemoration at the site and the local responses to the family memorial erected in 1999. My analysis demonstrates the power of memorials to (re)shape social reality and reveals the relationship between the site of memory and three mnemonic communities—the survivor and her family, the village community and the local Roma community.","PeriodicalId":43327,"journal":{"name":"History & Memory","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135532791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sympathy for the Devil: General Vlasov in the Collective Memory of the Great Patriotic War in Post-Soviet Russia","authors":"Benjamin Tromly","doi":"10.2979/ham.2023.a885267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/ham.2023.a885267","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Andrei Andreevich Vlasov, a Soviet general who sought to create a Russian Liberation Army under German auspices during World War II, has been the focal point of debates about wartime collaboration that reflect deep divides in memory of the Great Patriotic War and the Stalin era in post-Soviet Russia. Memory entrepreneurs in the literary world, the Orthodox Church and the historical profession have reappropriated Vlasov, inserting him in anti-Soviet historical narratives as a hero, symbol or martyr. Meanwhile, patriotic intellectuals in the Putin years have invoked Vlasov as a figure of national treachery and use him to discredit their political opponents. The debate over Vlasov points to the fractured and unproductive nature of national collective memory in Russia.","PeriodicalId":43327,"journal":{"name":"History & Memory","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135532797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Memory Politics in Bahrain: The Invocation of the Early Modern Past in the Aftermath of the February 14, 2011 Uprising","authors":"Chelsi Mueller","doi":"10.2979/ham.2023.a885271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/ham.2023.a885271","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: On February 14, 2011, protests broke out in Bahrain led by the mostly Shi'i opposition against the Sunni Al Khalifa ruling family. After a failed attempt to appease the protestors, the Al Khalifa government blamed Iran for the unrest and invited Saudi and Emirati troops to enter Bahrain and crush the uprising. This article explores how and why the events of an earlier crisis, which began with a Shi'i uprising in 1922 and widened to include Iranian nationals in 1923, was remembered and communicated by states and social groups in the aftermath of the 2011 protests, both in scholarly articles and in the digital media. These contested narratives of Bahrain's past are located within the politically charged context of the 2011 uprising to shed light on the relationship between memory and politics in Bahrain.","PeriodicalId":43327,"journal":{"name":"History & Memory","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135532793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Simulated Witness: Empathy and Embodiment in VR Experiences of Former Nazi Concentration and Extermination Camps","authors":"Steffi de Jong","doi":"10.2979/ham.2023.a885269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/ham.2023.a885269","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Virtual reality (VR) is being established as a new medium for Holocaust memory. This article argues that VR experiences, which allow users to visit reconstructed campsites or even to temporarily take on the role of a victim, are changing conceptions of witnessing the Holocaust by simulating primary witnessing. It shows that such a simulation ties in with a wish for immediacy in recent Holocaust memory, as well as with the idea of VR as an \"empathy machine,\" with empathy being defined very narrowly as a mirroring of sensations and emotions. The article advocates that future VR experiences should be grounded in a more complex conception of empathy, one that highlights rather than collapses the social, racial and historical differences between individuals.","PeriodicalId":43327,"journal":{"name":"History & Memory","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135532796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Twitter as a Mnemonic Medium from an Ecological Perspective: Ayotzinapa and the Memory of Tlatelolco in Mexico","authors":"Sophie Dufays, Martín Zícari, Silvana Mandolessi, B. Cardoso","doi":"10.2979/histmemo.33.2.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/histmemo.33.2.03","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This article examines how the link between two tragic events in Mexican history—the 2014 attack on students from the Ayotzinapa Teachers’ College and the 1968 Tlatelolco massacre—has been represented and performed on Twitter, pursuing two interlinked objectives. The first goal is to explore the memorialization of the Tlatelolco massacre in relation to the Ayotzinapa case within a corpus of 16,706 tweets, showing how this memorialization has brought about a retemporalization of the history of violent acts committed by the state in Mexico. The second goal is to examine the role of Twitter as a mnemonic medium, considering it from both an ecological media perspective and an interdisciplinary research perspective that explores interconnections between media studies and memory studies.","PeriodicalId":43327,"journal":{"name":"History & Memory","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80961766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From the Visual to the Textual: How Nazi Control of the Visual Record of Kristallnacht Shaped the Postwar Narrative","authors":"Wolfgram","doi":"10.2979/histmemo.33.2.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/histmemo.33.2.05","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:We have a visual record of Kristallnacht, but it is a highly distorted picture that was almost completely controlled by the Nazi regime. Although photographers from the international press, including the Associated Press, were allowed to operate in Nazi Germany, the regime maintained strict prepublication censorship control. Consequently, almost all of the images we have from Kristallnacht focus on damage to property in accordance with the Nazi propaganda effort. This article shows that as a result of this bias, the West German postwar journalistic writing about Kristallnacht continued, for many years, to emphasize the attacks on Jewish property during Kristallnacht, while mentioning the violence against Jewish persons less frequently, and thus perpetuated the image created by the Nazis themselves.","PeriodicalId":43327,"journal":{"name":"History & Memory","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72763235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}