Kontrol'. Diagnostika最新文献

{"title":"MICROWAVE FLAW DETECTION","authors":"V. I. Matveev, A. Potapov","doi":"10.14489/td.2022.05.pp.042-047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14489/td.2022.05.pp.042-047","url":null,"abstract":"The article provides a brief overview of methods of dielectric flaw detection using microradiowaves. The main types of inhomogeneities and defects detected by microwave flaw detectors are described. Control schemes with one-way and two-way access to the object of control are considered. Reflection flaw detectors are preferable when they are implemented in practice. The possibility of obtaining radio images of internal defects by scanning converters or using multielement receivers is shown.","PeriodicalId":432853,"journal":{"name":"Kontrol'. Diagnostika","volume":"54 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130311393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EXTREME METHOD FOR SOLAR PHOTOMETERS CALIBRATION","authors":"Hikmat Hamid Asadov, I. Chobanzade","doi":"10.14489/td.2022.04.pp.056-060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14489/td.2022.04.pp.056-060","url":null,"abstract":"Solar photometers are currently one of the main meteorological instruments with which the optical thickness of atmospheric aerosol and the total amount of water vapor in the atmosphere can be measured. These devices are also functionally suitable for estimating the total amount of ozone in the atmosphere, which confirms the importance of solar photometers for meteorological science. At present, aerosol measurement networks based on such devices are being built everywhere. The most important condition for the normal functioning of a solar photometer is the accurate calibration of this device. The article is devoted to the development of a new method of calibration of solar photometers, in which the influence of atmospheric aerosol instability is almost completely eliminated. It is shown that the total calibration error of solar photometers consists of two components: (a) the error caused by the instability of atmospheric aerosol; (b) the error of the geometric construction of the Langley diagram. The first of these components is practically considered unrecoverable by existing methods, and the second can be eliminated using previously proposed computational methods. The developed extreme method of calibration of solar photometers eliminates the need to construct a Langley diagram for several hours, during which the atmospheric aerosol, due to its variability, introduces a significant error in the calibration result. Thus, the main drawback of the classical Langley method is eliminated. The effect of increasing the accuracy of calibration is achieved by forming an additional informative indicator and further investigation of the extremum of this newly introduced indicator. Quantitative indicators of the achieved effect of increasing accuracy are given. As an example, it is shown that despite some high duration of implementation of the proposed method, it becomes possible to eliminate the aerosol error of 2.74 % that occurs when the optical thickness of the atmosphere is less than 0.1, and when this indicator is unstable by 10 percent during the implementation of the Langley method. The functional optical scheme of the device and the algorithm for implementing the proposed calibration method are given.","PeriodicalId":432853,"journal":{"name":"Kontrol'. Diagnostika","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133490915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"VIBRATION DIAGNOSTICS OF ELECTROMECHANICAL COMPLEXES OVER 40 KW","authors":"B. Gordeev, S. Okhulkov, A. Ermolaev, A. A. Makarskov, A. Osmekhin","doi":"10.14489/td.2022.04.pp.040-047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14489/td.2022.04.pp.040-047","url":null,"abstract":"Measurements were carried out at different points of the machine and workshop using the vibrometer “Vibran 2.2”. At the step of studying vibration spectrograms it was found that shock loads significantly prevail over vibration, and the main harmonic of vibration is characterized by a frequency of 7…8 Hz corresponds to the rotation frequency of the middle shafts of the machine. Theoretical methods have established the cause of the progressive vibration generated by the rotation of the massive shafts of the paper-making machine caused, on the one hand, by the bearings wear accompanied by deformation of the rings and mutual displacement of their axes of rotation and, on the other hand, by an increase in the radii of the eccentricity of the shafts, leading to increase in dynamic loads acting on the bearing units. The authors of the article, who are directly involved in the vibration diagnostics of the machine came to the conclusion that in order to reduce its vibration it is enough to replace bearings with new ones which due to prolonged operation (more than 25 years) and the influence of vibration and shock loads have long worked out their service life.","PeriodicalId":432853,"journal":{"name":"Kontrol'. Diagnostika","volume":"207 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124663231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FREQUENCY-PARAMETRIC CONTROL SYSTEM OF AN ASYNCHRONOUS ELECTRIC DRIVE WITH AN OBSERVER OF THE ANGLE BETWEEN THE VECTORS OF THE STATOR CURRENT AND THE MAGNETIZATION CURRENT","authors":"V. Meshcheryakov, O. Kryukov","doi":"10.14489/td.2022.04.pp.034-039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14489/td.2022.04.pp.034-039","url":null,"abstract":"In industry, especially metallurgy, a large number of previously installed electric drives based on an asynchronous motor with a phase rotor with uneconomical parametric control systems are used, the advantage of which is the possibility of removing part of the sliding energy from the rotor circuit, and the ability to obtain an increased inrush current multiplicity. The use of frequency converters in such an electric drive allows you to adjust the speed of rotation of the stator field and maintain sliding and losses in the rotor circuit at a minimum level. However, when the rotor windings are shorted, the multiplicity of the starting torque decreases. Additional possibilities for maintaining an increased starting torque of an asynchronous motor with a phase rotor with frequency control are provided by the inclusion of a frequency-dependent active-inductive resistance (IR) in the rotor circuit. In this case, the electric drive will be frequency-parametric. Using an observer of the mutual position of the stator and rotor current vectors, working on the basis of processing the measured signals of instantaneous values of the stator and rotor currents, allows you to build a scalar control system with stator current correction, bringing the operation of the electric drive to the mode with minimal losses in the motor windings.","PeriodicalId":432853,"journal":{"name":"Kontrol'. Diagnostika","volume":"129 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126274596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ABOUT INFLUENCE OF PARAMETERS OF A WEAR PLATE OF THE NORMAL PROBE ON CHARACTERISTICS FREQUENCY A SPECTRUM AND A PULSE OF A BOTTOM SIGNAL","authors":"V. Danilov","doi":"10.14489/td.2022.04.pp.004-012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14489/td.2022.04.pp.004-012","url":null,"abstract":"Computer modelling of an acoustic channel of the normal probe for a reflector as a bottom surface has shown, that increase of amplitude of a pulse echo signal, registered by the probe with a wear plate from epoxy resin with fine – dispersed filler due to increase of its contents, causes reduction of speed of longitudinal waves in a wear plate with the appropriate downturn of the first resonant frequency owing to what the spectrum of a signal may vary essentially. Reception of short pulses, on amplitude of same duration considerably surpassing pulses for protectors from epoxy resin with filler, is provided with application of a protector from mineral ceramics, having own lowest resonant frequency is much higher than the basic own frequency piezo plate. Comparison of experimental and theoretical pulses and spectra of ground signals for direct converters with qualitatively distinguished protectors has confirmed an opportunity of presence of the several expressed maxima of a spectrum of a pulse with oscillating modulation of amplitude for a wear plate from epoxy resin with filler with low speed of distribution of longitudinal waves.","PeriodicalId":432853,"journal":{"name":"Kontrol'. Diagnostika","volume":"44 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131572408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"INVESTIGATION OF ALGORITHMS OF DETECTING OF THE CHARACTERISTICS OF REMOTE OBJECTS IN OPTOELECTRONIC SYSTEMS BY THE METHOD OF WAVELET TRANSFORMATION","authors":"V. E. Makhov, V. Shirobokov, A. Emelyanov, A. Potapov","doi":"10.14489/td.2022.04.pp.020-031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14489/td.2022.04.pp.020-031","url":null,"abstract":"The issues of the accuracy of measuring the coordinates and size of objects observed by an optical system by the methods of single and double continuous wavelet transform in their image are considered. It is shown that the use of the second continuous wavelet transform to the curves of the coefficients of the first transform leads to an increase in the extrema of the scalegram and the smoothness of the curves of the coefficients, providing more than two times higher coordinate sensitivity of determining the position and orientation of objects. The use of different types of wavelets in each continuous wavelet transform of signals gives many options for the curves of the coefficients of the continuous wavelet transform and can be used for additional filtering of noise, taking into account the nature of objects. The parallel use of mathematical models and real objects in a neural network for determining the coordinates of signals and their characteristics is proposed, which leads to an increase in accuracy for each type of object, the possibility of constructing intelligent control devices for outer space. Using the example of an experimental installation of two synchronously movable optoelectronic systems, the accuracy of combining images of objects in multiplexing systems from different digital sources is demonstrated.","PeriodicalId":432853,"journal":{"name":"Kontrol'. Diagnostika","volume":"132 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131648058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE ANALYSIS OF METHODS OF DETECTING OF METALS ON THE BASIS OF PROPERTIES OF ELECTRICAL CONDUCTANCE","authors":"B. Artemiev, N. K. Vanroye, N. A. Golovin","doi":"10.14489/td.2022.04.pp.014-019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14489/td.2022.04.pp.014-019","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents the existing methods of metal detection. The physical processes arising in the volume of the conductor when an alternating electromagnetic field is directed at it are considered. The results of the study of the effect of the magnetic field generated by Foucault currents on the rate of change of the inductor EMF during operation in the pulse mode are presented. The principle of operation of the metal detection module with their discrimination is described. It is determined that this principle can be widely used in non-destructive testing. The relevance of the study is determined by the growing need for reliable and versatile means of detecting metals with a large depth of search, as well as the use of microprocessors for the analysis of a metal sample for its belonging to a certain genus.","PeriodicalId":432853,"journal":{"name":"Kontrol'. Diagnostika","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115914778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"GEOMETRIC MEASUREMENTS USING MICROWAVES","authors":"V. I. Matveev","doi":"10.14489/td.2022.04.pp.048-054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14489/td.2022.04.pp.048-054","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents an overview of methods for measuring geometric parameters – the thickness of dielectric materials and products using ultrahigh frequency radio waves. The main methods of thickness measurement are considered: geometric, amplitude-phase, frequency-phase, ellipsometric, with examples and characteristics of their practical application. The schemes of implemented microwave thickness gauges and converters are given.","PeriodicalId":432853,"journal":{"name":"Kontrol'. Diagnostika","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121498820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE SIMULATION MODEL FOR EVALUATING THE ACCURACY OF MEASURING THE ELECTROPHYSICAL PARAMETERS OF METAMATERIALS BY THE METHOD OF SURFACE ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES","authors":"A. I. Kaz’min, P. A. Fedjunin","doi":"10.14489/td.2022.03.pp.026-032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14489/td.2022.03.pp.026-032","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper the simulation model that allows one to evaluating a accuracy and reliability of measuring the local values of electrophysical and geometric parameters of any types of flat-layered samples of metamaterials on a metal substrate by the method of surface electromagnetic waves. The simulation model is implemented on the basis of the CST Microwave studio electrodynamic modeling system and the Matlab system. The results of simulation modeling on the measurement of metamaterial parameters based on rectangular SRR-elements with a region of negative refraction in the frequency range 10.06…10.64 GHz are presented. Numerical verification has shown that the local values of the effective electrophysical parameters of the studied metamaterial differ from the calculated ones by no more than 10 %.","PeriodicalId":432853,"journal":{"name":"Kontrol'. Diagnostika","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116912189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DEFECTS DETECTED BY MAGNETIC PARTICLE TESTING","authors":"G. S. Shelikhov, Yu. A. Glazkov, P. E. Kleyzer","doi":"10.14489/td.2022.03.pp.034-044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14489/td.2022.03.pp.034-044","url":null,"abstract":"A brief review of production, technical and operational defects detected by the magnetic particle method is given. The description and photographs of the main metallurgic, welding and technological defects related to subsequent processing, along with defects which occur during usage are provided, as well as examples and descriptions of indicator patterns obtained by the magnetic particle control method.","PeriodicalId":432853,"journal":{"name":"Kontrol'. Diagnostika","volume":"73-74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128631130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}