{"title":"Making sense of an execution: Patriarch Gregory V between the Sublime Porte and the Patriarchate","authors":"Y. Karabıçak","doi":"10.1017/byz.2022.26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/byz.2022.26","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the events leading to the execution of Gregory V, Patriarch of Constantinople, utilizing accounts and documents in Ottoman Turkish and Greek. Gregory was the occupant of a post which involved striking a balance between different Phanariot factions, pro- and anti-Enlightenment tendencies, and localist and imperial expectations. This article argues that it was the outbreak of the Revolution in the Morea, rather than Ypsilantis’ movement, that upset the status quo, convincing the Ottoman elite that Gregory was no longer useful for the smooth functioning of Ottoman governance.","PeriodicalId":43258,"journal":{"name":"BYZANTINE AND MODERN GREEK STUDIES","volume":"47 1","pages":"85 - 102"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41413156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Presence of Christ in the Eucharist κατ' οὐσίαν. On the interpretation and the source of a fragment from the Homily of George Scholarios and its impact on the Eucharistic doctrine of the Greek Orthodox Church","authors":"Mikhail Bernatsky","doi":"10.1017/byz.2022.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/byz.2022.21","url":null,"abstract":"The Homily On the mystical body of our Lord Jesus Christ by George Gennadios II — Scholarios (ca. 1400 — paulo post 1472) was the first original Orthodox theological text to use the word μετουσίωσις (transubstantiatio) as an ex professo Eucharistic term and to adopt the doctrine associated with it. In this paper I propose a new reading of the fragment, in which Scholarios writes that God communicates with the faithful in the Eucharist by substance (κατ’ οὐσίαν). I argue that this fragment was a paraphrase of the third paragraph of chapter 61, book four of Thomas Aquinas’ Summa contra gentiles and should not be interpreted in the context of Palamite theology as has been proposed hitherto. I find support for my case in the manuscript Taurinensis XXIII (C-II-16), a compilation encouraged by Scholarios in 1432 and which contained the translation of the Summa contra gentiles by Demetrios Kydones. In addition, I outline the post Scholarium history of the expression κατ’οὐσίαν (secundum substantiam), which played a key role for the later development of the Eucharistic doctrine of the Orthodox Church in the post-Byzantine period.","PeriodicalId":43258,"journal":{"name":"BYZANTINE AND MODERN GREEK STUDIES","volume":"47 1","pages":"71 - 84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43795588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Greek identity and education in the seventeenth century: Theophilos Korydalleus’ political movement in the Orthodox East","authors":"Vasileios Tsiotras, Vasileios Syros","doi":"10.1017/byz.2022.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/byz.2022.25","url":null,"abstract":"At the beginning of the seventeenth century the Athenian philosopher Theophilos Korydalleus launched a political programme intended to reinvigorate Hellenic culture and education in South-Eastern Europe as a core element of Greek Orthodox identity. Korydalleus’ ideas on political intervention in the educational affairs of the Orthodox Greeks are recorded in one of his public speeches as well as in his private letters. In these texts it is possible to trace the emergence of a group of loyalists and disciples, who worked together in a political movement: a ‘party of friends’. This article presents and discusses sources which have been overlooked or have received little scholarly attention. It identifies the characteristics and the ideological underpinnings of this movement from a political, religious, and educational perspective and analyses Korydalleus’ views on contemporary political developments.","PeriodicalId":43258,"journal":{"name":"BYZANTINE AND MODERN GREEK STUDIES","volume":"47 1","pages":"198 - 217"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42211292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Class and society in Ithaca under Tocco and early Venetian rule (1357–ca. 1600)","authors":"Kyriaco Nikias","doi":"10.1017/byz.2022.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/byz.2022.23","url":null,"abstract":"Whereas the presence of class divisions in the larger Ionian islands has been well studied, the character of society in smaller Ithaca under Latin rule has been largely ignored. This article examines the evidence for social structures in Ithaca before and after its Venetian capture. Under the rule of the Tocco, the only nobles on Ithaca were the Galati, a family granted privileges for service to the court. The continuation of these privileges into the Venetian period was an exception in a society conditioned by a new agricultural economy following the resettlement of the island in 1504. This article shows how the development of the new economy did eventually allow for inequalities in the mass population to develop, though these were limited by the small size of the island's agricultural economy. The evolution of these structures reflected the tension between the feudal legacy of the Tocco period and the new economy conditioned by the Venetian resettlement. Yet the economic divisions of Venetian Ithaca were not recognized by the state as formal classes.","PeriodicalId":43258,"journal":{"name":"BYZANTINE AND MODERN GREEK STUDIES","volume":"47 1","pages":"54 - 70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42184409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Panagiotis Agapitos (tr.), The Tale of Livistros and Rodamne: A Byzantine Love Romance of the 13th Century. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 2021. Pp. 224.","authors":"A. Goldwyn","doi":"10.1017/byz.2022.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/byz.2022.16","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43258,"journal":{"name":"BYZANTINE AND MODERN GREEK STUDIES","volume":"46 1","pages":"297 - 298"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48541934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Vaticinium de restitutione Constantinopoleos (BHG 1875b): Edition and translation of a post-Byzantine prophecy","authors":"A. Kraft","doi":"10.1017/byz.2022.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/byz.2022.13","url":null,"abstract":"The article provides a critical edition of a hitherto unedited post-Byzantine prophecy that may be called the Vaticinium de restitutione Constantinopoleos. The text comes down in two recensions, which are contained in twelve manuscripts. The edition is supplemented with an English translation and a commentary that discusses the title, date of composition, content, main sources, and significance of the text. It is argued that the prophecy was originally composed in the early 1570s in response to the Ottoman conquest of Cyprus. Furthermore, it is shown that the motif of a saviour-emperor, which is central to the prophecy, responds to developments in sixteenth-century Mediterranean apocalypticism.","PeriodicalId":43258,"journal":{"name":"BYZANTINE AND MODERN GREEK STUDIES","volume":"46 1","pages":"214 - 235"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46063475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Peter Mackridge (1946–2022)","authors":"D. Holton, David Ricks","doi":"10.1017/byz.2022.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/byz.2022.12","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43258,"journal":{"name":"BYZANTINE AND MODERN GREEK STUDIES","volume":"46 1","pages":"153 - 157"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44934194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"BYZ volume 46 issue 2 Cover and Front matter","authors":"","doi":"10.1017/byz.2022.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/byz.2022.19","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43258,"journal":{"name":"BYZANTINE AND MODERN GREEK STUDIES","volume":"46 1","pages":"f1 - f3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48709030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Emmanuel Roïdes, Pope Joan Translated by David Connolly. Athens: Aiora Press, 2019. Pp. 231","authors":"S. Gauntlett","doi":"10.1017/byz.2022.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/byz.2022.14","url":null,"abstract":"compositional structure of the Funeral Oration,’ from p. 203). After demonstrating how Manuel employed a long-existing rhetorical template from antiquity for this epitaphios, L. discusses each section – bolstering his claim about the unusually detailed historical narrative for such a rhetorical form (in this case, about contemporaneous events in the Peloponnese) by citing three near-contemporary Byzantine authors commenting on Manuel’s text. For L., Manuel emerges as an ‘omniscient storyteller’ (p. 214), deliberately transgressing the bounds of a genre he had earlier sworn to eschew, as undertaking a long narrative would be the historian’s task. It is an interesting insight, and supports L.’s contention that narrative’s diverse function in such rhetorical works remains somewhat overlooked by Byzantinists. This is accompanied by use of theoretical terminology: Manuel is described as being in a homodiegetic relationship with his text; that is, becoming a character in his own narration (p. 215). As with his other examples, L. presents Manuel as utilizing conventional works of rhetoric in personal ways, to emphasize and assert his own imperial power. L. concludes that Manuel’s literary works reveal not only ‘his attempts to answer political challenges, but also a unique and long-term imperial project’ to create ‘a system of effective political communication by exhibiting his fatherly concern for his son and co-emperor’ (p. 265). While accepting Sphrantzes’ view of Manuel as a self-confessed ‘managerial’ emperor overseeing diminished territories and constant crises, L. makes the case that Manuel took an active role in staving off various problems and guiding resolutions when dealing with political and ecclesiastical rivals. In this light, ‘the role of rhetoric in his rule cannot be overlooked’ (p. 267). L. does a service in exploring these texts as vital source-material for a reign lacking in contemporaneous historiographical sources, a fact that has long forced scholars to look to Byzantine texts published after Manuel’s death for information on his reign.","PeriodicalId":43258,"journal":{"name":"BYZANTINE AND MODERN GREEK STUDIES","volume":"46 1","pages":"300 - 304"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46512209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Florin Leonte, Imperial Visions of Late Byzantium: Manuel II Palaiologos and Rhetoric in Purple. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2020. Pp. 344","authors":"Chris Deliso","doi":"10.1017/byz.2022.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/byz.2022.15","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43258,"journal":{"name":"BYZANTINE AND MODERN GREEK STUDIES","volume":"46 1","pages":"298 - 300"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42588311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}