Baltic Region最新文献

{"title":"Artificial Intelligence: a catalyst for entrepreneurship education in the Baltics","authors":"Viktor V. Voronov, Vladimir V. Menshikov, Oksana P. Ruza","doi":"10.5922/2079-8555-2023-3-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5922/2079-8555-2023-3-3","url":null,"abstract":"The article explores the growing role of artificial intelligence (AI) in entrepreneurship education within universities. This exploration is set against the backdrop of the rapid and widespread integration of AI technologies across economic and other domains of life. The authors aim to define the concept of ‘entrepreneurial potential’ and elucidate the contribution of AI in augmenting the entrepreneurial potential among university students in the Baltic States. To achieve this goal, the authors employ a range of methods, including comparative analysis, analogy, generalization, classification, and structural-functional analysis, among others. These methodologies are integrated within an interdisciplinary framework, enabling a comprehensive investigation of the subject matter. The comparative analysis of university entrepreneurship education in the Baltic States demonstrates the strengths and weaknesses inherent in the notion of entrepreneurial potential. This study also considers the impact of academic mobility in the modern world, characterized by rapid and dynamic shifts in technology, markets, and business models. The study concludes that proficiency in working with AI-powered equipment and algorithms is of paramount importance in amplifying the entrepreneurial potential of students in Latvia, Lithuania, and Estonia. This aspect is increasingly gaining attention from universities, which collaborate closely with the business sector, governmental bodies, and regional agencies to provide diverse forms of support to aspiring business students. The final part of the article addresses issues that require more active and innovative participation of academia in activities enhancing the role of student youth in the economic development of their countries and regions.","PeriodicalId":43257,"journal":{"name":"Baltic Region","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135319644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of the food embargo on con­sumer preferences and cross-border practices in the Kaliningrad region","authors":"K. Morachevskaya, A. Lialina","doi":"10.5922/2079-8555-2023-2-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5922/2079-8555-2023-2-4","url":null,"abstract":"The Russian food market has been a fascinating subject for researchers investigating food security risks and ways to mitigate them since the embargo was imposed in 2014. The Kaliningrad region, an exclave of Russia, responded more sensitively to the restrictions than any other territory of the country due to the heavy dependence of its food market on imported finished products and raw materials, as well as the transit from Russia via third countries. This study aims to explore how the consumer preferences of Kaliningraders changed in 2014—2021 under the food embargo. The research also investigates changes in the cross-­border mobility of the region’s residents with regard to the practice of shopping for groceries in neighbouring countries. The principal method used in the study is survey research. A survey of 1,019 respondents was conducted in September 2021. Additionally, a comparative analysis of average food prices in the region and neighbouring countries from 2012 to 2019 was carried out based on data from Kaliningradstat and the national statistics services in Poland and Lithuania. The ways to obtain embargoed food were systematised using content analysis of social media, advertising and joint purchase services, travel agency websites, regional news portals and blogs. The study found that rising prices for commodity groups falling under the import ban were the most significant change in the regional food market. As a result, the share of Kaliningrad and Belarusian manufacturers in the regional market basket of consumer goods rose dramatically, as the volume and range of products increased and new manufacturers entered the market. At the same time, the dependence of purchases of “sanctioned” goods on non-material reasons (quality, personal preferences) determined Kaliningraders’ continued commitment to the “old” strategies despite significant restrictions.","PeriodicalId":43257,"journal":{"name":"Baltic Region","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71249526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a Quantitative Model in Land Use Planning Using GIS","authors":"M. Masoudi, P. Jokar","doi":"10.18335/region.v9i2.448","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18335/region.v9i2.448","url":null,"abstract":"Land evaluation methods are crucial for evaluating the potentials and constraints of land for intended land use. In the procedure, environmental criteria such as topography, soil, climate, hydrology, and socioeconomic parameters are evaluated. Different technical procedures are also used for land evaluation ranging from simple methods based on expert knowledge to more complex methods based on simulation models. The main goal of this research is to evaluate land use and natural resources for future sustainable land planning using Geographic Information System (GIS). So, in this study, the Iranian ecological evaluation model was used for the analysis of the ecological and resources maps of the study area. First, ecological capability maps of different land uses such as forestry, agriculture, range management, environmental conservation, ecotourism, and development of villages, urban and industrial areas were developed by overlaying geographical maps based on Boolean overlay method (as a Multi-Criteria Evaluation Method) in GIS for the Township. The final step of this research was the prioritization of land uses considering the ecological and socio-economic characteristics (by distributing questionnaires to 63 experts (of the study area using a quantitative model. The results showed that the maximum area of proposed uses is 78.31%, which is related to rainfed agriculture, showing this land use has high potential and socio-economic demands in the study area. Meanwhile, minimum area of proposed uses is related to forest and ecotourism. One of the most important practical results of this study is that different or even modified methods should always be used in the same region to check the capability of land and the common method will not always be as best method.","PeriodicalId":43257,"journal":{"name":"Baltic Region","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89545211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An introduction to pspatreg","authors":"R. Mínguez, Roberto Basile, M. Durbán","doi":"10.18335/region.v9i2.450","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18335/region.v9i2.450","url":null,"abstract":"This article introduces a new R package (pspatreg) for the estimation of semiparametric spatial autoregressive models. pspatreg fits penalized spline semiparametric spatial autoregressive models via Restricted Maximum Likelihood or Maximum Likelihood. These models are very flexible since they make it possible to simultaneously control for spatial dependence, nonlinearities in the functional form, and spatio-temporal heterogeneity. The package also allows to estimate parametric spatial autoregressive models for both cross sectional and panel data (with fixed effects), thus avoiding the use of different libraries. The official demos, vignettes, and tutorials of the package are distributed either in CRAN or GitHub. This article illustrates the potential of the  package by using an application to cross-sectional data.","PeriodicalId":43257,"journal":{"name":"Baltic Region","volume":"134 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89742443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Innovation and Smart Specialisation in Less-developed European Regions: A Systematic Literature Review","authors":"Eristian Wibisono","doi":"10.18335/region.v9i2.388","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18335/region.v9i2.388","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reviews the literature on Smart Specialization implementation in less developed regions of the European Union (EU). Using a systematic literature review research protocol, I critically explore the content of selected relevant papers, examine the challenges in the Smart Specialization implementation in less developed regions of the EU, and raise critical factors that could potentially enhance the success of its implementation. The first finding of this study shows that research on related topics published in leading journals has increased significantly in recent years. Furthermore, as an essential contribution, I categorize the selected papers according to diversity in research design and methodology. Finally, I summarise three key issues of Smart Specialization implementation in less developed regions of the EU: RIS capacity and governance, local and extra-regional collaboration, and regional administrative and financial governance.","PeriodicalId":43257,"journal":{"name":"Baltic Region","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87274103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Asymmetric Impacts of Fiscal Consolidation on Poverty and Social Exclusion: Regional Perspective","authors":"V. Pošta","doi":"10.18335/region.v9i2.421","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18335/region.v9i2.421","url":null,"abstract":"The presented paper contributes to the current state of discussion about the effects of fiscal policy on economic activity in three key points. It focuses on the effects of fiscal policy on poverty and social exclusion instead of on broad measures of economic performance, the analysis is performed on the regional level of some EU national economies and it focuses on possible asymmetric impacts according to the level of the economic performance of the regions regarding the national levels. The results show that fiscal restrictions, both expenditure and income-oriented, have significant negative impacts on both poverty and social exclusion. Especially as far as social exclusion is concerned the impacts on the already underperforming regions seem to be even more profound. When poverty is considered as a measure of inequality instead of social exclusion then revenue-oriented fiscal restrictions seem relatively more harmful than expenditure-oriented fiscal consolidations as far as the underperforming regions are concerned.","PeriodicalId":43257,"journal":{"name":"Baltic Region","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73066757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Redefining marginality on Italian Apennines: an approach to reconsider the notion of basic needs in low density territories.","authors":"B. Vendemmia, G. Lanza","doi":"10.18335/region.v9i2.430","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18335/region.v9i2.430","url":null,"abstract":"The concept of basic needs and essential services evolves according to sociocultural parameters. Therefore, defining marginality based on the distance from a predefined set of services, institutionally considered essential for life, may lead to an unfocused representation of marginal and more fragile areas. \u0000This work focuses on a territory located on the Apennine of the Province of Piacenza, northern Italy. These mountainous areas are characterized by significant shrinking processes, ageing population, low income and educational rate, unemployment, and by work/study-related mobility practices over long distances and at high speed, revealing low levels of attractivity and significant dependence on more dynamic areas of the region. Moreover, according to the National Italian Strategy for Inner Areas, they have been identified as inner areas because of the high distance from main services. \u0000Starting from quantitative research based on availability, location, and accessibility to a set of services considered essential, the present work aims to reconsider and integrate this desk-based approach with an on-site qualitative survey, thanks to interviews with inhabitants and persons with special knowledge of the territory as well as participant observation. \u0000The hypothesis is that, particularly in low density and peripheral areas, a mixed-methods research methodology that includes the accounts of populations and local stakeholders may help to extend the knowledge of their actual needs and their willingness to travel, thus reconsidering their accessibility to what they perceive as essential services and, consequently, redefining the notion of marginal and fragile territories.","PeriodicalId":43257,"journal":{"name":"Baltic Region","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90230766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The THEMA tool to support heritage-based development strategies for marginal areas","authors":"M. Rossitti, F. Torrieri","doi":"10.18335/region.v9i2.394","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18335/region.v9i2.394","url":null,"abstract":"The ongoing forced reflection on the leading urbanization models' crisis has led to greater attention to marginal areas. In Italy, the scientific and media debate has focused on inner areas that, since 2014, have represented the target of an innovative national cohesion policy aimed at tackling their shrinking dynamics: the National Strategy for Inner Areas (SNAI). Indeed, Italian inner areas are endowed with extraordinary natural capital and settlement models far from urban density. Thus, they seem to respond perfectly to the new raised living needs.\u0000However, leaving aside the optimistic rhetoric, strong political and administrative choices are necessary to trigger a `return process' based on this broader attention toward inner areas, thus countering humankind's natural tendency to concentrate on urban realities.\u0000In this light, the paper proposes a tool to support SNAI in designing and implementing heritage-based local development strategies to address inner areas' real needs. After a critical reading of the new challenges for planning posed by the pandemic and SNAI's role within them, the contribution moves to frame the THEMA (Tool for Heritage-based Enhancement of Marginal Areas) tool, focusing on specificities of the inner areas as cultural heritage. Finally, the tool's application to a case study, an inner area in Campania Region, allows to outline and discuss its possible benefits for SNAI implementation and its limits.","PeriodicalId":43257,"journal":{"name":"Baltic Region","volume":"438 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78231478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Remote and connected","authors":"Aurore Flipo, Patricia Lejoux, N. Ovtracht","doi":"10.18335/region.v9i2.405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18335/region.v9i2.405","url":null,"abstract":"Originally associated to big cities' centres, coworking spaces and «third-places» have been blooming in rural regions and small towns over the past five years. The development of those places has been critically supported by local and national authorities, with a growing interest from rural localities. Indeed, those places are supposed to provide answers to numerous contemporary territorial challenges, and to tackle several dimensions or rural vulnerability. They are supposed to enhance sustainability by reducing the need to commute and car-dependence, by bringing both workplaces and services closer from home. They are also mobilised to tackle the issue of the digital gap between centres and peripheries, providing digital infrastructures and hardware. Finally, they are supposed to reduce territorial inequalities by strenghtening rural entrepreneurship, safeguarding local jobs, facilitating professional retraining and attract new residents by providing an easier access to telework. \u0000Conducted between 2018 and 2020 in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region, our study provides some elements to evaluate the effects of those places on territorial vulnerability and marginality. Based on the study of 17 coworking spaces situated in rural areas, their funders’ trajectories and their users’ profiles, we discuss the motives and the expected returns of those places, and their actual potentialities and limits. \u0000We first present the definitions of coworking spaces and third-places, the origin of their recent spread in the rural areas and the main features of their geographical locations. Then, we present the rationales behind the creation and attendance to those places, by analysing funders and users’ trajectories and motives. We then present the potentialities and limits of third-places on territorial vulnerability. In the discussion, we interrogate the notion of marginality at the light of those places, that can be defined essentially as spatial and social networks. Indeed, our study enlights the diversity of lifestyles in the rural areas. Coworkers display particular spatial anchorages, with local resources being valued, though combined with forms of plural and multilocalized belongings. Their relationship with the margin is chosen, controlled and reversible, sometimes even yearned for. Their connectedness is not so much defined by where they live rather than by who they know, embodying the predominantly social dimension of marginality.","PeriodicalId":43257,"journal":{"name":"Baltic Region","volume":"63 4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90699449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Major Uplift","authors":"Francisco Rowe","doi":"10.18335/region.v9i2.457","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18335/region.v9i2.457","url":null,"abstract":"This editorial describes improvements REGION implemented in the first months of 2022. Although they are not directly visible to authors or readers, they are important for the quality of the journal and for the visibility of the articles published in REGION.","PeriodicalId":43257,"journal":{"name":"Baltic Region","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85643344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}