Baltic Region最新文献_第10页

The Republic of Belarus and the Kaliningrad region of Russia as a sub-regional security complex 白俄罗斯共和国和俄罗斯加里宁格勒地区作为一个次区域安全综合体

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Baltic Region Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.5922/2079-8555-2022-3-4

Yury M. Zverev, N. Mezhevich

{"title":"The Republic of Belarus and the Kaliningrad region of Russia as a sub-regional security complex","authors":"Yury M. Zverev, N. Mezhevich","doi":"10.5922/2079-8555-2022-3-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5922/2079-8555-2022-3-4","url":null,"abstract":"The formal indivisibility of security, which theorists in the field of international relations speak of, is an indisputable thing. Although the development of military technology, the format of globalization, a critical attitude towards classical geopolitics have led to an underestimation of the spatial factor, regionalisation has once again proved that it is an integral part of globalisation and its alter ego. At the beginning of the third decade of the 21st century, political developments in Europe are closely connected with military security. Although this interdependence is not new, the regional security system has been relatively stable for quite some time. The steadily, albeit gradually aggravating situation around the Kaliningrad region and the Republic of Belarus has caused a response — coordinated cooperation in the framework of the Union State. The consequence of which was the formation of a sub-regional security complex (SRSC), which includes the Republic of Belarus and Russia’s Kaliningrad region. And a theoretical justification for the formation of this complex is the focus of this article. The authors determine the floating boundaries of the SRSC, where spatial effects of military-political ties take on a special character. This study aims to apply and adapt the concept of regional security complexes to the military-political space of the eastern part of the Baltic Sea. The practical implications of this research include substantiating the interconnectedness and interdependence of security doctrines and practices in a troubled region of Europe.","PeriodicalId":43257,"journal":{"name":"Baltic Region","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71248985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

NEW PRINCIPLES OF RESOURCE DISTRIBUTION IN THE EU AND THEIR IMPACT ON THE COUNTRIES OF THE BALTIC REGION 欧盟资源分配的新原则及其对波罗的海地区各国的影响

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Baltic Region Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.5922/2079-8555-2022-1-8

M. Entin, E. Entina, V. Voynikov

{"title":"NEW PRINCIPLES OF RESOURCE DISTRIBUTION IN THE EU AND THEIR IMPACT ON THE COUNTRIES OF THE BALTIC REGION","authors":"M. Entin, E. Entina, V. Voynikov","doi":"10.5922/2079-8555-2022-1-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5922/2079-8555-2022-1-8","url":null,"abstract":"The Multiannual Financial Framework for 2021—2027 was adopted during the severe crisis caused by the ongoing coronavirus pandemic. In the face of a rapidly deteriorating economic situation, EU countries took unprecedented steps radically changing the principles of resource allocation in the Union. These included the recovery plan for Europe, making the EU budget conditional on respect for the rule of law and the new EU resources system. This article seeks to identify the essential characteristics of the decisions made within the Multiannual Financial Framework and define their significance for advancing integration. The study attempts to answer two questions: do these decisions mark the transition to a new stage of integration and to what extent do they comply with the law of the Union. Several EU initiatives related to debt redistribution are analysed, along with the impact of these initiatives on Eastern European countries, particularly those of the Baltic Sea region. The research explores the decisions from the standpoint of legal and political science. In particular, it is stressed that, when reaching a compromise on making the budget conditional on respect for the rule of law, the EU and its member states had to use a mechanism for postponing the execution of an act of the Union, which contradicts the basic principles of EU law. From a political point of view, the adoption of a package of legislative acts within the Multiannual Financial Framework means growing dependence of the member states and an increase in solidarity and loyalty within the Union.","PeriodicalId":43257,"journal":{"name":"Baltic Region","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71249174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

REGIONAL TRENDS IN ELECTORAL SUPPORT FOR LATVIAN PARTIES: THE NEIGHBOURHOOD EFFECT 拉脱维亚政党选举支持的区域趋势:邻里效应

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Baltic Region Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.5922/2079-8555-2022-1-9

L. Zhirnova

{"title":"REGIONAL TRENDS IN ELECTORAL SUPPORT FOR LATVIAN PARTIES: THE NEIGHBOURHOOD EFFECT","authors":"L. Zhirnova","doi":"10.5922/2079-8555-2022-1-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5922/2079-8555-2022-1-9","url":null,"abstract":"The article analyses the neighbourhood effect in the voting behaviour of the Latvians at the four recent parliamentary elections, the ethnic and national leaning of parties considered. The study expands a set of electoral geography tools by adding modern techniques of spatial analysis as well as by increasing the knowledge on the position of the Russian speakers within Latvia’s political party landscape. The research aims to evaluate the role of the neighbourhood effect at Latvian elections and identify stable spatial voting clusters. The degree of spatial autocorrelation and changes in it were analysed for each parliamentary party and the non-parliamentary but still influential Latvian Russian Union (LRU). Statistically significant spatial clusters of high and low support were identified and compared; their steadiness over the study period was examined. The structure of these clusters is generally the same for the ‘Russian’ parties (Harmony and the LRU), whilst the ‘Latvian’ parties are characterized by greater spatial diversity. The analysis shows that regions bordering on Russia have clear spatial clusters where election results correspond to the parties’ attitudes towards Russian speakers and the Russian Federation. The ‘Russian’ parties and those more or less favourably disposed to Russian speakers (For a Good Latvia, For Latvia from the Heart) have clusters of high support in the area and the ‘Latvian’ parties of low. This pattern, however, may be due to the high proportion of the non-Latvian population in Latgale (a region with strong historical connections with Russia) and the character of the development of the border area, rather than to the proximity to the Russian border.","PeriodicalId":43257,"journal":{"name":"Baltic Region","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71249186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

ANALYSING THE DYNAMICS OF THE BALTIC STATES’S PRODUCTION LINKAGES WITH RUSSIA 分析波罗的海国家与俄罗斯生产联系的动态

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Baltic Region Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.5922/2079-8555-2022-2-1

V. Varnavskii

引用次数: 0

Small towns of Latvia: disparities in regional and urban development 拉脱维亚的小城镇:区域和城市发展的差异

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Baltic Region Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.5922/2079-8555-2022-4-3

V. Voronov

{"title":"Small towns of Latvia: disparities in regional and urban development","authors":"V. Voronov","doi":"10.5922/2079-8555-2022-4-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5922/2079-8555-2022-4-3","url":null,"abstract":"The article reports on the results of an economic and sociological study conducted by the Institute of Sociology of the Russian Academy of Sciences in collaboration with Daugavpils University (Latvia) in 2020—2021. The study aimed to identify the reasons for the disparity in the development of small towns in Latvia. A comprehensive approach was taken to integrate the results of territorial, spatial and socio-economic analyses. By employing the methodology of indexing and ranking large-scale empirical data characterising the development of all small towns in Latvia, the authors attempt to identify the reasons for the disparity in the development rate of small towns in Latvia. The index of territorial development of regions, cities and rural settlements was developed and has been tested by the State Agency for Regional Development of Latvia since 2013. The data collected were then analysed taking into account the geographical location of small towns. The research showed that the main factors influencing the development of small towns are the level of business activity and the role of local authorities in the provision of public funding. The article describes prospects for the polycentric development of small towns and analyses the ways of reducing disparities in their development in terms of the working and living conditions of their residents.","PeriodicalId":43257,"journal":{"name":"Baltic Region","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71249296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Refugees from Syria and Iraq in Sweden: resettlement during the migration crisis 在瑞典的叙利亚和伊拉克难民:移民危机期间的重新安置

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Baltic Region Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.5922/2079-8555-2022-4-6

M. M. Agafoshin, S. Gorokhov, R. Dmitriev

{"title":"Refugees from Syria and Iraq in Sweden: resettlement during the migration crisis","authors":"M. M. Agafoshin, S. Gorokhov, R. Dmitriev","doi":"10.5922/2079-8555-2022-4-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5922/2079-8555-2022-4-6","url":null,"abstract":"The vast increase in the number of forced migrants during the European migration crisis has compelled the receiving countries to concentrate on the issues of migrant reception and accommodation. This study aims to demonstrate how the patterns of settlement of Syrian and Iraqi migrants changed in 2014—2019. We propose a new methodology, building on the Herfindahl-Hirschman index, an indicator of the level and direction of the spatial concentration—deconcentration of migrants, and the Ryabtsev index, which is used to measure the proximity between the settlement structures of migrants and the Swedes. It is established there was a deconcentration of migrants during the crisis (especially in its ascendant phase), carried out by the Swedish authorities. However a reverse process took place in the descendant phase, as a result of self-arranged migrants’ resettlement. The deconcentration of Iraqis and Syrians led to the convergence between the settlement structure typical of immigrants and the Swedes, whilst concentration resulted in divergence accompanied by the emergence of close-knit immigrant communities on the outskirts of Sweden’s largest cities. The formation of such communities, seen as vulnerable by the national authorities and marked by a high crime rate, impedes the integration of Syrian and Iraqi immigrants into Swedish society.","PeriodicalId":43257,"journal":{"name":"Baltic Region","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71249377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

GEOECONOMIC RISKS FACED BY THE RUSSIAN BALTIC REGION AMID A DETERIORATING GEOPOLITICAL SITUATION 俄罗斯波罗的海地区面临地缘政治形势恶化的地缘经济风险

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Baltic Region Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.5922/2079-8555-2022-2-2

S. Lachininskii

{"title":"GEOECONOMIC RISKS FACED BY THE RUSSIAN BALTIC REGION AMID A DETERIORATING GEOPOLITICAL SITUATION","authors":"S. Lachininskii","doi":"10.5922/2079-8555-2022-2-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5922/2079-8555-2022-2-2","url":null,"abstract":"This article is a conceptual theoretical-empirical study of the geopolitical risks the Baltic Russian regions have faced amid the deteriorating geopolitical situation observed since 2014. The Baltic Russian regions are in a vulnerable position because of their geographical vicinity to EU countries, with which they share common borders, and the dramatically worsening military and political situation. To analyse geoeconomic risks, the author employed an earlier proposed methodology, which has been tested in Russia and abroad. Four types of geoeconomic risks are examined: spatial, economic, socio-demographic, national geopolitical and regional geopolitical. Overall, five levels of geopolitical risks can be distinguished. The contribution sets out to provide a conceptual picture of the geoeconomic risks which the Baltic Russian territories — St Petersburg, the Republic of Karelia and the Leningrad, Kaliningrad, Novgorod, Pskov and Murmansk regions faced in 2014—2021 as the geopolitical situation changed for the worse in the wake of the Ukraine political crisis (2013—2014). The objectives of the study included selecting economic, social and international trade indicators and analytics matching each type of the geoeconomic risks. To identify the geo-economic risks of the selected regions, three basic indicators are considered — population, GRP, foreign trade turnover, and changes in other indicators for 2014—2021 were tracked. Eighteen risks divided into four types were explored for the Baltic Russian regions. The geoeconomic risks were grouped into two categories: spatial/geopolitical and economic/socio-demographic. A preliminary assessment of the regional risks was obtained using a methodology proposed by the author. The risks in the spatial/geopolitical category are substantial for the Kaliningrad region, whilst the Pskov region and Karelia proved to be most susceptible to the economic/socio-demographic risks.","PeriodicalId":43257,"journal":{"name":"Baltic Region","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71248760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

NON-EXPANSIONIST VARIANTS OF POLAND’S STRATEGIC CULTURE: A RETROSPECTIVEOF IDEAS AND CURRENT IMPLICATIONS 波兰战略文化的非扩张主义变体:思想回顾及其当前影响

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Baltic Region Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.5922/2079-8555-2022-2-5

I. Loshkariov, D. Parenkov

{"title":"NON-EXPANSIONIST VARIANTS OF POLAND’S STRATEGIC CULTURE: A RETROSPECTIVE\u0000OF IDEAS AND CURRENT IMPLICATIONS","authors":"I. Loshkariov, D. Parenkov","doi":"10.5922/2079-8555-2022-2-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5922/2079-8555-2022-2-5","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines how non-expansionist types of strategic culture emerged and gradually developed in Poland. The study aims to identify the features of non-expansionist types of Polish strategic culture for a more objective analysis of the country’s modern foreign and security policy. The article begins by describing the emergence and use of the concept of strategic culture, offering a typology of strategic cultures based on the work of the ‘cultural realist’ Alastair Johnston. Then it employs a qualitative method of process tracing to outline the sequence of events and the ideological constructs that led to the emergence or degradation of the corresponding types of strategic culture. The strategic culture of neutrality, exposed to external influences and revised republicanism ideas, is shown to have laid the foundation for a strategic culture of political fortification (or an outpost) in Poland. This strategic culture has its origins in the idea of the ethical superiority of the Polish state, although the details of this superiority may differ dramatically in specific situations. At the same time, none of the types of the accommodation culture has yet emerged in Poland, albeit accommodation seems to be a promising lead for the further development of the country’s strategic culture.","PeriodicalId":43257,"journal":{"name":"Baltic Region","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71248823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

IMMIGRATION POLICY AND INTEGRATION OF MIGRANTS IN THE KINGDOM OF DENMARK AT THE BEGINNING OF THE XXI CENTURY 21世纪初丹麦王国的移民政策与移民融合

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Baltic Region Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.5922/2079-8555-2022-2-7

V. Kapitsyn, A. Magomedov, A. Shaparov

{"title":"IMMIGRATION POLICY AND INTEGRATION OF MIGRANTS IN THE KINGDOM OF DENMARK AT THE BEGINNING OF THE XXI CENTURY","authors":"V. Kapitsyn, A. Magomedov, A. Shaparov","doi":"10.5922/2079-8555-2022-2-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5922/2079-8555-2022-2-7","url":null,"abstract":"Denmark upholds high standards of human rights as long as the interests of its citizens are concerned but erects barriers for migrants with a dissimilar cultural background who might threaten the security of the national community. The Danish tradition of liberalism, humanism and the welfare state coexists with one of Europe’s most restrictive policies towards third-country immigrants. This article traces the evolution of management approaches to developing the immigration policy and integrating foreign cultural migrants in Denmark; the value determinants of these changes are described. Using the neo-institutional methodology, the authors analyse how the value determinants of Denmark’s immigration policy evolved and look at the national norms and practices of integrating migrants having a different cultural background. A restrictive immigration policy was made possible by a consensus between the main political forces — the left Social Democratic Party and the right Liberal Party Venstre, both willing to keep in check electoral support for the radical right-wing parties (the effect of ‘contagion from the right’ in Maurice Duverger’s terms). The object of Denmark’s restrictive integration policy is migrants with a different cultural background (mainly from Muslim countries). The government takes systematic measures to restrict their access to the country. As to migrant integration, the focus has shifted to ‘hard’ assimilation of civiс democratic values, benefits linked to employment, and deportation of migrants who have committed crimes.","PeriodicalId":43257,"journal":{"name":"Baltic Region","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71248844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Spatial organisation of the new forms of e-grocery and ready-made food trade in a large Russian city 俄罗斯某大城市新形式的电子杂货和现成食品贸易的空间组织

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Baltic Region Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.5922/2079-8555-2022-3-2

K. Axenov, Olga Vl. Kraskovskaia, F. Renni

{"title":"Spatial organisation of the new forms of e-grocery and ready-made food trade in a large Russian city","authors":"K. Axenov, Olga Vl. Kraskovskaia, F. Renni","doi":"10.5922/2079-8555-2022-3-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5922/2079-8555-2022-3-2","url":null,"abstract":"This work aims to identify fundamentally new features in the spatial organization of e-grocery and ready-made food trade in a Russian city, distinct from those typical of traditional food retail enterprises. Focusing on St Petersburg, the article describes the emergence of a completely different system of requirements imposed by new forms of online food retail in the space of a large Russian city, compared with traditional industries and retail organization methods. The spatial and temporal parameters of the new shopping model are considered, and a comparative analysis of its spatial competition with already established models is presented. The spatial organization of new online food retail is demonstrated in the context of the placement system of new types of offline objects, the emergence of new flows, their impact on urban development and the effect on the outdoor and transit advertising markets, as well as on the labor market. Based on this analysis, it is concluded that new-type physical objects such as distribution warehouses, warehouse stores (fulfilment centres) and dot-com objects are placed according to entirely different principles. If the location of a service point is no longer a competitive advantage as seen by the buyer, faster delivery, hidden from the consumer, emerges as a critical factor in new competition. The paper also analyses the significance of spatial organization principles associated with this factor.","PeriodicalId":43257,"journal":{"name":"Baltic Region","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71248965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0