Digest of Middle East Studies最新文献

{"title":"Gender quotas in the Arab world - 20 years on","authors":"Bozena C. Welborne,&nbsp;Gail J. Buttorff","doi":"10.1111/dome.12274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/dome.12274","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article aims to survey the state of the literature on gender quotas in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA), explicitly focusing on where it stands in terms of their institutional, political, and societal impact after two decades of implementation. In addition, it considers how MENA scholarship on the topic compares with the global literature and includes insights into how region-specific work contributes to our understanding of gender quotas as an electoral and legislative institution overall.</p><p>本文旨在调查关于中东和北非（MENA）性别配额的文献情况，明确聚焦于性别配额在实施20年后的制度影响、政治影响和社会影响。此外，本文还考量了关于该主题的中东和北非地区研究如何与全球文献进行比较，并包括了一系列见解，后者有关于特定地区的研究如何有助于我们从整体理解性别配额作为一项选举制度和立法制度。</p><p>Este artículo tiene como objetivo examinar el estado de la literatura sobre las cuotas de género en el Medio Oriente y África del Norte (MENA), enfocándose explícitamente en su posición en términos de su impacto institucional, político y social después de dos décadas de implementación. Además, considera cómo la erudición de MENA sobre el tema se compara con la literatura mundial e incluye información sobre cómo el trabajo específico de la región contribuye a nuestra comprensión de las cuotas de género como una institución electoral y legislativa en general.</p>","PeriodicalId":43254,"journal":{"name":"Digest of Middle East Studies","volume":"31 4","pages":"340-358"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71979046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editor's introduction","authors":"Catherine Warrick","doi":"10.1111/dome.12280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/dome.12280","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This issue of the <i>Digest of Middle East Studies</i> is the second of two special issues in this year's volume of the journal. In January, we were pleased to bring out a special issue on sectarianism featuring critical and highly original scholarship on the topic. This October issue has as its focus the scholarship on gender issues in the region. Like sectarianism, gender is a topic that has long been of interest to scholars and policymakers alike, but (again like sectarianism) has also been subject to culturalist and essentializing assumptions. The scholarship of the past two decades, however, has increasingly begun to correct this earlier trend, and the works featured in this issue are at the very leading edge of critical approaches to understanding the relationship between gender and political institutions, social movements, and political economy. Furthermore, the articles of this issue ably demonstrate not only advances in the scholarship on gender and politics, but the essential contributions that the study of gender makes to the understanding of political actors, institutions, and processes generally. We are, one hopes, well past the years when gender was considered a minor or niche topic in both scholarship and policy environments.</p><p>This issue is honored to have as guest coeditor the political scientist and gender scholar Gamze Çavdar, whose adept framing of the scholarship is presented in the first article, placing these works in the broader context of their relationship and contributions to existing academic literatures. After this framing article, we present six research articles on political economy, institutions, and social movements; these studies are richly interdisciplinary and timely, and I am confident that they will be deeply interesting to a wide audience. Each article is an excellent piece of scholarship on its particular topic, but the issue as a whole serves as a representation of developments in the scholarship of gender issues in the region more broadly. Those looking for both a bird's-eye view of this broad topic and a substantive examination of its particular complexities should find this a useful collection.</p><p>As always, I wish to thank the peer reviewers whose assessments and feedback have contributed to the quality of the work presented here. I am also grateful for the skilled assistance of the journal's editorial assistant, Misha Datskovsky. Most of all, I must thank the authors for their outstanding contributions to this issue, and we hope that you find these articles engaging and stimulating.</p>","PeriodicalId":43254,"journal":{"name":"Digest of Middle East Studies","volume":"31 4","pages":"274-275"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/dome.12280","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71974658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The afterlife goes on: The biographical consequences of women's engagement in the 2011 Egyptian uprising","authors":"Nermin Allam","doi":"10.1111/dome.12278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/dome.12278","url":null,"abstract":"<p>What are some of the effects of women's participation in the 2011 Egyptian uprising on their personal biographies? A small body of feminist scholarship has examined how gender mediates the consequences of social movement participation for women. These studies have largely focused on participants' experiences under Western democracies and within women's movements, yet we know less about the impact of participation on women protestors in Arab autocracies. Using the case of the 2011 Egyptian uprising, the study demonstrates how women's participation in the uprising has influenced their personal biographies in the absence of opportunities and resources. I focus on two examples from women's biographies: women's decision to remove the hijab and to leave their family homes and the decision by some protestors to change their careers and work in the area of women's rights. Drawing from the literature on gender and the consequences of social movements, I apply an analytical framework consisting of two key mechanisms: women's experiences during contention and their exposure to new critical networks. Building on 20 interviews with former protestors and activists, I show how women's encounters with gender-based violence in protests and exposures to new social and political networks influenced their personal and professional lives. The article contributes to the growing literature that has sought to explain the transformative impacts of social movements beyond the overtly “political” sphere of policies.</p>","PeriodicalId":43254,"journal":{"name":"Digest of Middle East Studies","volume":"31 4","pages":"380-396"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/dome.12278","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71959133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The afterlife goes on: The biographical consequences of women's engagement in the 2011 Egyptian uprising","authors":"Nermin Allam","doi":"10.1111/dome.12278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/dome.12278","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43254,"journal":{"name":"Digest of Middle East Studies","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75884742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The question of collaboration between secular feminists and pious feminists in Turkey","authors":"Pınar Dokumacı","doi":"10.1111/dome.12275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/dome.12275","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43254,"journal":{"name":"Digest of Middle East Studies","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79275373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The study of women and gender in the Middle East and North Africa beyond culturalism","authors":"Gamze Çavdar","doi":"10.1111/dome.12276","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/dome.12276","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43254,"journal":{"name":"Digest of Middle East Studies","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87276664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The study of women and gender in the Middle East and North Africa beyond culturalism","authors":"Gamze Çavdar","doi":"10.1111/dome.12276","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/dome.12276","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The study of the Middle East and North Africa region has long been dominated by culturalist assumptions that this region is unique and thus common concepts and theories that are applied to other parts of the world do not apply here. This has particularly been the case with regard to the study of women and gender. This special issue brings together six cutting edge research articles that fundamentally challenge this culturalist assumption by making connections with disciplinary theories and concepts. By focusing on the three themes of political economy, institutions, and social movements, these articles demonstrate variation across both time and place with respect to gender and politics in the region and at the same time make important contributions to the broader literatures on these subjects.</p>","PeriodicalId":43254,"journal":{"name":"Digest of Middle East Studies","volume":"31 4","pages":"276-292"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/dome.12276","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71951957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Do Islamist parties help or hinder women? Party institutionalization, piety and responsiveness to female citizens","authors":"M. Abdel-Samad, Lindsay J. Benstead","doi":"10.1111/dome.12279","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/dome.12279","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43254,"journal":{"name":"Digest of Middle East Studies","volume":"165 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74333010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The question of collaboration between secular feminists and pious feminists in Turkey","authors":"Pınar Dokumacı","doi":"10.1111/dome.12275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/dome.12275","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper examines two seemingly opposing trends in the women's rights movement in Turkey: the first trend indicates growing numbers of feminist collaborations and alliances while the second highlights heightened levels of identity-ridden dissent and polarization. By focusing on the relationship between self-identified “pious feminists” and “secular feminists” in Turkey this paper argues that, rather than opposing ends of a continuum, these two trends are in a relational flow. Based on a rich ethnographic study and discourse analysis, I analyze secular feminist and pious feminist perceptions of a possible long-term collaboration between the two groups as equal partners and by mutual consent. I delineate the relational and affective dimensions of collaborations that may initiate as well as hinder new solidarities based on difference. I argue that the shared civil society encounters between secular and pious women's rights groups in Turkey present opportunities for “feminist iterations” that are contingent, performative, and opaque which require what Lugones calls “complex communication” in addition to the deliberative dialogue.</p><p>本文分析了土耳其女权运动中两个看似相反的趋势:第一个趋势表明女权主义协作和联盟的数量不断增加，而第二个趋势则强调了充满身份认同的异议和极化现象的加剧。通过聚焦于土耳其地区自我确认的“虔诚女权主义者”和“世俗女权主义者”之间的关系，本文论证认为，这两种趋势不是一个连续体的两端，而是处于一种关系性的流动。基于丰富的民族志研究和话语分析，我分析了世俗女权主义者和虔诚女权主义者对两个群体之间可能作为平等伙伴和相互同意的长期合作的看法。我描述了合作的关系维度和情感维度，这些维度可能会引发也可能阻碍基于差异的新团结。我论证认为，土耳其世俗妇女和虔诚妇女权利团体之间的共同公民社会接触为“女权主义迭代”提供了机会，这些迭代是依情况而定的、具有施为性和不透明性，这不仅需要商议对话，还需要由学者Lugones提出的“复杂沟通”。</p><p>Este documento examina dos tendencias aparentemente opuestas en el movimiento por los derechos de las mujeres en Turquía: la primera tendencia indica un número creciente de colaboraciones y alianzas feministas, mientras que la segunda destaca niveles elevados de disidencia y polarización dominadas por la identidad. Al centrarse en la relación entre las autoidentificadas “feministas piadosas” y las “feministas seculares” en Turquía, este artículo argumenta que, en lugar de los extremos opuestos de un continuo, estas dos tendencias están en un flujo relacional. Basado en un rico estudio etnográfico y análisis del discurso, analizo las percepciones de feministas seculares y feministas piadosas sobre una posible colaboración a largo plazo entre los dos grupos como socios iguales y por consentimiento mutuo. Delineo las dimensiones relacionales y afectivas de las colaboraciones que pueden iniciar y obstaculizar nuevas solidaridades basadas en la diferencia. Argumento que los encuentros compartidos de la sociedad civil entre grupos de derechos de las mujeres seculares y piadosos en Turquía presentan oportunidades para “iteraciones feministas” que son contingentes, performativas y opacas que requieren lo que Lugones llama “comunicación compleja” además del diálogo deliberativo.</p>","PeriodicalId":43254,"journal":{"name":"Digest of Middle East Studies","volume":"31 4","pages":"397-416"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71951956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Do Islamist parties help or hinder women? Party institutionalization, piety and responsiveness to female citizens","authors":"Mounah Abdel-Samad,&nbsp;Lindsay J. Benstead","doi":"10.1111/dome.12279","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/dome.12279","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Does electing Islamist parties help or hurt women? Due to Ennahda winning a plurality in the 2011 elections and women from all parties winning 31% of seats, Tunisia offers an opportunity to test the impact of legislator gender and Islamist orientation on women's representation. Using original 2012 surveys of 40 Tunisian parliamentarians (MPs) and 1200 citizens, we find that electing female and Islamists MPs improves women's symbolic and service responsiveness by increasing the likelihood that female citizens are aware of and contact MPs. Electing Islamist female MPs has a positive impact on women's symbolic and service responsiveness, but decreases the likelihood that men will interact with legislators. We argue that Islamist deputies are more responsive to women due to an Islamic mandate effect—that is, Islamist parties' efforts to institutionalize their constituency relations, provide services to the marginalized through direct contact with citizens, and respect norms of piety by using female parliamentarians to reach women in sex-segregated spaces. While Islamist parties positively impact some dimensions of women's representation, they also reinforce traditional gender relations. Our results extend the literature on Islam, gender, and governance by demonstrating that quotas and party institutionalization improve women's representation in clientelistic contexts.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;选举伊斯兰政党是帮助还是伤害女性？鉴于复兴运动党的多元化和妇女在2011年获得31%的席位，突尼斯为分析成员性别和伊斯兰主义取向对妇女代表的交叉影响一事提供了有用机会。通过使用2012年对40名突尼斯议员（MPs）和1,200名公民进行的原始调查，我们发现，选举女性议员和伊斯兰两性议员能通过增加妇女了解和联系议员的可能性，进而提高妇女的象征性响应度和服务响应度。选举伊斯兰女议员对妇女的象征性响应度和服务响应度产生最大的积极影响，但会降低对男性的服务响应度。我们论证认为，伊斯兰主义者和伊斯兰女性代表为女性提供了更大的象征性响应度和服务响应度，这归因于伊斯兰授权效应（Islamic mandate effect）——伊斯兰政党努力将其选民关系制度化，通过直接接触边缘化群体，为其提供服务，并通过使用女性议员在私人和公共场所接触妇女以期尊重虔诚规范。虽然伊斯兰政党不追求自由女权主义政策，但其更大程度的政党制度化和对妇女的战略性使用却对女性的响应度产生了积极影响。我们的结果通过证明配额和政党制度化能提高妇女的象征性响应度和服务响应度，进而扩展了有关伊斯兰教、性别和治理的文献。&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;¿La elección de partidos islamistas ayuda o perjudica a las mujeres? Debido a la pluralidad de Ennahda y a que las mujeres obtuvieron el 31% de los escaños en 2011, Túnez ofrece una oportunidad útil para probar el impacto interseccional del género de los miembros y la orientación islamista en la representación de las mujeres. Usando encuestas originales de 2012 de 40 parlamentarios tunecinos (MP) y 1200 ciudadanos, encontramos que elegir parlamentarias islamistas y mujeres de ambos géneros mejora la capacidad de respuesta simbólica y de servicio de las mujeres al aumentar la probabilidad de que las mujeres conozcan y se comuniquen con los diputados. La elección de parlamentarias islamistas tiene el mayor impacto positivo en la capacidad de respuesta simbólica y de servicio de las mujeres, pero disminuye la capacidad de respuesta de servicio a los hombres. Argumentamos que las diputadas islamistas e islamistas brindan una mayor capacidad de respuesta simbólica y de servicio a las mujeres debido a un efecto de mandato islámico: los esfuerzos de los partidos islamistas por institucionalizar su","PeriodicalId":43254,"journal":{"name":"Digest of Middle East Studies","volume":"31 4","pages":"293-318"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71951958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}