{"title":"Monopulse estimation and SLC configurations","authors":"J. Worms","doi":"10.1109/NRC.1998.677977","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NRC.1998.677977","url":null,"abstract":"To fit the monopulse estimation procedure to the changed radiation patterns of sum and difference beams after adaptive filtering, 'corrected' monopulse formulas are proposed. The formulas can be applied to arbitrary monopulse sidelobe canceller (SLC) configurations. Three different monopulse formulas are derived and compared.","PeriodicalId":432418,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 1998 IEEE Radar Conference, RADARCON'98. Challenges in Radar Systems and Solutions (Cat. No.98CH36197)","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123821383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Simplifying the computational aspects of STAP","authors":"A. Bojanczyk, W. Melvin","doi":"10.1109/NRC.1998.677988","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NRC.1998.677988","url":null,"abstract":"Space-time adaptive processing (STAP) holds the potential to improve weak target detection from airborne radar platforms. However, the computational load and nonhomogeneous environments are two issues seriously limiting practical STAR implementation. We address the former issue by considering approximate numerical techniques appropriate for airborne radar STAP. Reduced computational load makes greater weight update rates possible, thereby allowing localized STAP processing in range and application of improved weight training strategies to mitigate difficulties associated with the latter issue. We verify the utility of our approach using computer simulation and measured data from the Multichannel Airborne Radar Measurements (MCARM) program.","PeriodicalId":432418,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 1998 IEEE Radar Conference, RADARCON'98. Challenges in Radar Systems and Solutions (Cat. No.98CH36197)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128681269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Ayers, J. Ralston, R.P. Maloney, P. Tomlinson, J. McCorkle
{"title":"Antenna measures of merit for ultra-wide synthetic aperture radar","authors":"E. Ayers, J. Ralston, R.P. Maloney, P. Tomlinson, J. McCorkle","doi":"10.1109/NRC.1998.678023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NRC.1998.678023","url":null,"abstract":"This paper addresses the issue of how to characterize an antenna's performance in a SAR system-particularly in ultra-wide-bandwidth and/or ultra-wide angle (UWB/A) SAR-based on simple gain-magnitude versus frequency and angle measurements provided in data sheets. We present eight measures of merit. As illustrative examples, we compare an ideal mathematical model to measurements of an actual antenna designed to perform UWB/A SAR over up to 65-degree integration angles and over a 150- to 550-MHz frequency band.","PeriodicalId":432418,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 1998 IEEE Radar Conference, RADARCON'98. Challenges in Radar Systems and Solutions (Cat. No.98CH36197)","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114300069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Automatic scene tracking in radar images by sampling them over a digital video structure","authors":"C. S. Barreto","doi":"10.1109/NRC.1998.677983","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NRC.1998.677983","url":null,"abstract":"This work presents an approach to convert surveillance and navigation radar video signals into digital video in order to be displayed, processed and coded like image sequences and to automatically track moving objects in the scene. This is accomplished by digitizing the original analog radar video signals and sampling them over a 3-D digital video lattice structure. To track the moving objects, data acquired from the radar during one complete antenna revolution is divided into small blocks, and the motion of these blocks, in increments of the video frame sampling period, is estimated. The proposed system has many advantages in visual and automatic detection and tracking of targets over the conventional ones.","PeriodicalId":432418,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 1998 IEEE Radar Conference, RADARCON'98. Challenges in Radar Systems and Solutions (Cat. No.98CH36197)","volume":"13 5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128958956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Processor configuration for real-time SAR image generation","authors":"T. H. Einstein","doi":"10.1109/NRC.1998.677979","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NRC.1998.677979","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes how to configure a multicomputer for real-time SAR image generation so as to minimize either the total number of processors or the amount of data buffer memory required. The total number of processors is minimized by arranging the processors in a pipeline of parallel processor clusters, with double-buffering at the input and output of each cluster. In contrast, the total memory requirement is minimized by implementing the application on a round-robin arrangement of identical processor modules, each module consisting of a single cluster of parallel processors. Depending upon the incoming data rate to be processed, the memory requirement of this minimum-memory configuration may be as little as one-eighth that of the minimum-processor pipeline configuration, at the cost of between 25 and 70% more processors.","PeriodicalId":432418,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 1998 IEEE Radar Conference, RADARCON'98. Challenges in Radar Systems and Solutions (Cat. No.98CH36197)","volume":"117 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134179803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fast-converging maximum-likelihood interference cancellation","authors":"M. Steiner, K. Gerlach","doi":"10.1109/NRC.1998.677987","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NRC.1998.677987","url":null,"abstract":"The use of adaptive linear techniques to solve signal processing problems is needed particularly when the environment external to the radar is not known a priori. Due to the lack of knowledge of the external environment, adaptive techniques require a certain amount of data to cancel the interference external to the radar or communication system. The amount of data required so that the performance of the adaptive processor is close (nominally within 3 dB) to the optimum is called the convergence time of the processor. The minimization of the convergence time is important since in many environments the external interference changes with time. Although there are heuristic techniques such as the loaded sample matrix inversion (LSMI) in the literature that provide fast convergence for particular problems, there is currently not a general solution for arbitrary interference that is derived via classical theory. In this paper, the authors derive a maximum-likelihood (ML) solution for a structured covariance matrix. The only structure assumed is that the thermal noise variance is known. Using this ML estimate, simulations show that the convergence is on the order of twice the number of narrow-band interference sources.","PeriodicalId":432418,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 1998 IEEE Radar Conference, RADARCON'98. Challenges in Radar Systems and Solutions (Cat. No.98CH36197)","volume":"136 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123195870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"3-D jammer localization using out-of-plane multipath","authors":"S. Coutts","doi":"10.1109/NRC.1998.678004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NRC.1998.678004","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this work is to establish how a moving emitter, such as a jammer, can be localized by a passive receiver through the use of out-of-plane multipath signals reflected by the terrain. This is a novel localization technique that assumes no a priori knowledge of the location of the multipath sources. The emitter parameters of range, heading, velocity, and altitude are estimated by exploiting the correlation between the direct-path signal and the delayed and Doppler modulated signals. Based on an assumption that the bistatic clutter is fundamentally homogeneous, the maximum likelihood estimator is designed and found to have the structure of a time-varying FIR filter. The Cramer-Rao lower bounds are calculated and used to study the estimator performance. The proposed estimator is successfully demonstrated using field data collected at White Sands Missile Range during the DARPA/Navy Mountaintop program.","PeriodicalId":432418,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 1998 IEEE Radar Conference, RADARCON'98. Challenges in Radar Systems and Solutions (Cat. No.98CH36197)","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124819216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Enhanced target recognition using optimum polarimetric SAR signatures","authors":"F. Sadjadi","doi":"10.1109/NRC.1998.678017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NRC.1998.678017","url":null,"abstract":"We present a new method for automatic target/object classification by using the optimum polarimetric radar signatures of the targets/objects of interest. The use of optimum polarimetric signatures for enhancing target recognition using synthetic aperture radar is explored. The polarization scattering matrix is used for the derivation of target signatures at arbitrary transmit and receive polarizations (arbitrary polarization inclination angles and ellipticity angles). Then an optimization criterion that minimizes the within class distance and maximizes the between class metrics is used for the derivation of optimum sets of polarimetric signatures. Then from sets of real fully polarimetric SAR imagery arbitrary polarization attributes are extracted. The performance of the automatic target detection and recognition algorithms using optimum sets of polarimetric signatures are derived and compared with those associated with the non-optimum signatures. The results show that noticeable improvements can be achieved by using the SAR signatures obtained via optimum transmits and receives over non-optimum signatures. This work indicates that by optimally adjusting the radar polarization-by using polarization filters-the target classification performance can be improved and targets that may not be easily separable can be separated.","PeriodicalId":432418,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 1998 IEEE Radar Conference, RADARCON'98. Challenges in Radar Systems and Solutions (Cat. No.98CH36197)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126218797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Propagation modeling for VHF/UHF-radar detection of targets behind a forest","authors":"H. Kuschel, D. Schneider","doi":"10.1109/NRC.1998.678022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NRC.1998.678022","url":null,"abstract":"The detection of targets below line-of-sight has been one of the driving subjects in the research, related to the VHF-experimental radar LARISSA (Large wavelength Radar with Interference dependent Spectral Signal Adaptation), developed and operated at FGAN-FHP. A realistic prediction of the attenuation of electromagnetic waves caused by propagation through and above forest areas plays an important role for the configuration and performance evaluation of a VHF radar dedicated to detect hovering helicopters beyond terrain obstacles. In order to evaluate the transmission attenuation above a forest, measurements have been performed on a selected forest area near FGAN. The measurement results have been compared to a propagation model, which regards the forest as a sequence of ideally conducting diffraction screens. This study was conducted to develop, a generalized model for radio wave propagation above forests under the constraint of easy applicability to a coverage prediction model based on a digital terrain database. The measurements and calculations were restricted to horizontal polarization, as being of major importance for the detection of helicopter rotor echoes.","PeriodicalId":432418,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 1998 IEEE Radar Conference, RADARCON'98. Challenges in Radar Systems and Solutions (Cat. No.98CH36197)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129401132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Roman, L. Nichols, K. Williams, R. Esman, G. Tavik, M. Livingston, M. Parent
{"title":"Photonic remoting of AN/SPQ-9B ADM ultra high dynamic range radar","authors":"J. Roman, L. Nichols, K. Williams, R. Esman, G. Tavik, M. Livingston, M. Parent","doi":"10.1109/NRC.1998.677970","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NRC.1998.677970","url":null,"abstract":"We report initial demonstrations of photonic technology meeting the stringent phase noise and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) requirements for remoting radars. In particular, fiber optic links were used to remote the antenna and transmitter of the Navy AN/SPQ-9B ADM radar. The remoting links tested successfully in a transmit configuration without significantly degrading the 87 dB SNR of the radar. These results show the potential of photonic technology to remote other radars such as active arrays.","PeriodicalId":432418,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 1998 IEEE Radar Conference, RADARCON'98. Challenges in Radar Systems and Solutions (Cat. No.98CH36197)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125332943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}