{"title":"Intelligent low rate compression of speckled SAR imagery","authors":"R. Ives, P. Eichel, N. Magotra","doi":"10.1109/NRC.1998.678007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NRC.1998.678007","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes a compression technique under development at Sandia National Laboratories for the compression of complex synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery at very low overall bit rates. The methods involved combine several elements of existing and new lossy and lossless compression schemes in order to achieve an overall compression ratio of large SAR scenes of at least 50:1, while maintaining reasonable image quality. It is assumed that the end user will be primarily interested in specific regions of interest within the image (called \"chips\"), but that the context in which these chips appear within the entire scene is also of importance to an image analyst. The term \"intelligent\" is used to signify an external cuer which locates the chips of interest.","PeriodicalId":432418,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 1998 IEEE Radar Conference, RADARCON'98. Challenges in Radar Systems and Solutions (Cat. No.98CH36197)","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114411891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effects of interference rank estimation on the detection performance of rank reduced STAP algorithms","authors":"Tzeta Tsao, B. Himed, J. Michels","doi":"10.1109/NRC.1998.677992","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NRC.1998.677992","url":null,"abstract":"This paper studies the effect of estimating the interference rank on the detection performance of several rank reduced space-time adaptive processing techniques in airborne radar applications. Focus is on the relationship between the rank of the interference and the order of properties are explored. The CFAR properties are explored. The parameters considered are the number of barrage noise jammers, the decorrelation time of the clutter, and aircraft crab angle. Both simulations and measured data results are provided.","PeriodicalId":432418,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 1998 IEEE Radar Conference, RADARCON'98. Challenges in Radar Systems and Solutions (Cat. No.98CH36197)","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133064220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Target recognition for articulated and occluded objects in synthetic aperture radar imagery","authors":"B. Bhanu, G. Jones","doi":"10.1109/NRC.1998.678008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NRC.1998.678008","url":null,"abstract":"Recognition of articulated occluded real-world man-made objects in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery has not been addressed in the field of image processing and computer vision. The traditional approach to object recognition in SAR imagery (at one foot or worse resolution) typically involves template matching methods, which are not suited for these cases because articulation or occlusion changes global features like the object outline and major axis. In this paper the performance of a model-based automatic target recognition (ATR) engine with articulated and occluded objects in SAR imagery is characterized based on invariant properties of the objects. Although the approach is related to geometric hashing, it is a novel approach for recognizing objects in SAR images. The novelty and power of the approach come from a combination of a SAR specific method for recognition, taking into account azimuthal variation, articulation invariants and sensor resolution.","PeriodicalId":432418,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 1998 IEEE Radar Conference, RADARCON'98. Challenges in Radar Systems and Solutions (Cat. No.98CH36197)","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124182193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Using an adaptive INS, monopulse MUSIC, and STAP (AIMS) for targeting","authors":"Erik Blasch, E. Culpepper, J. D. Johnson","doi":"10.1109/NRC.1998.678005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NRC.1998.678005","url":null,"abstract":"Angle estimation from target signals suffers from mainbeam jamming. One way to counteract the problem is to integrate sensor data from multiple sensors. An adaptive monopulse multiple signal classification (MUSIC) algorithm discerns the azimuth and elevation angle estimation or true spectrum amongst jamming. Relying solely on the algorithm results in an undesirable probability of error in target identification, classification and recognition. By integrating the azimuth and elevation signals from an integrated navigational system (INS) and monopulse radar, the probability of accurate detection of target location increases. The AIMS algorithm is designed for targeting and integrates sensor signals from an adaptive INS system which has repeated measurement location updates from a ground-based target, a four-aperture monopulse radar, which adaptively reduces mainbeam jamming from the MUSIC algorithm for reliable angle estimation, and a space-time adaptive processor (STAP) which isolates targets in the presence of clutter. The results show that the sensor integration of the AIMS algorithm effectively and efficiently identifies the correct target information.","PeriodicalId":432418,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 1998 IEEE Radar Conference, RADARCON'98. Challenges in Radar Systems and Solutions (Cat. No.98CH36197)","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115922721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Polar reformatting for ISAR imaging","authors":"R. Lipps, D. Kerr","doi":"10.1109/NRC.1998.678014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NRC.1998.678014","url":null,"abstract":"Polar reformatting is a technique that has been developed and used extensively in spotlight SAR processing. The prerequisite for using this technique is to know the radar's aspect angle, with respect to the target, for each pulse received by this radar. The key to using this technique for ISAR is to know the target's rotational motion which in most cases is unknown. This paper will present a practical motion geometry for the rotational motion of a target, based on a parameterized model. A technique, based on this rotation model, to determine the rotation parameters, using measurements from the radar data itself, will be presented. A practical realization of this technique, using simplifications to the motion model, will be discussed and the effects of this simplification will be described.","PeriodicalId":432418,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 1998 IEEE Radar Conference, RADARCON'98. Challenges in Radar Systems and Solutions (Cat. No.98CH36197)","volume":"743 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132023835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Design and manufacturing techniques for planar slot array antennas for a variety of radar application","authors":"T. Anderson, Yunhong Hou, J. Michalski","doi":"10.1109/NRC.1998.678024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NRC.1998.678024","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes the design of airline windshear radar antennas with extremely low sidelobes. Synthetic aperture arrays with single axis monopulse, a dual, two polarization array antenna and a two axis monopulse array at 16.75 GHz. The techniques for manufacturing these arrays are given in detail along with near and far field testing procedures to generate these requirements. Synthetic operation arrays for airborne surveillance require a beam narrow in azimuth (1.8/spl deg/) and an elevation pattern suited for the mapping mission. The design of such an array is given along with the design of the feeding waveguide which allows for single axis monopulse operations with better than -30 dB null results. Dual antenna systems for vertical and horizontal operation simultaneously with shaped beams suitable for surface scanning is described. This dual array is balanced in radiation characteristics for either plane of polarization. The final antenna design covered is a 16.75 GHz monopulse array with elevation and azimuth difference channels. The design of the array, along with the feeding waveguide arrangement is described. The application of computer aided design for the various arrays as well as computerized machines to mill out and assembling these arrays are described.","PeriodicalId":432418,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 1998 IEEE Radar Conference, RADARCON'98. Challenges in Radar Systems and Solutions (Cat. No.98CH36197)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128651086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Improving the sidelobes of arrays fed by multiple-beam beam formers","authors":"W. Wiebach, E. Rausch","doi":"10.1109/NRC.1998.678020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NRC.1998.678020","url":null,"abstract":"The sidelobe level of an array antenna fed by a Rotman lens can be reduced if pairs of adjacent beam ports are combined, and the system is fed through these summing ports. This procedure does not reduce the overall antenna gain. The conditions for this operational mode are explained, and the results are given.","PeriodicalId":432418,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 1998 IEEE Radar Conference, RADARCON'98. Challenges in Radar Systems and Solutions (Cat. No.98CH36197)","volume":"27 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113976560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Eigenbased modeling of nonhomogeneous airborne radar environments","authors":"W. Melvin","doi":"10.1109/NRC.1998.677996","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NRC.1998.677996","url":null,"abstract":"Space-time adaptive processing generally requires estimating a covariance matrix to compute the adaptive weights. Intrinsic to this process is an assumption that the environment is homogeneous, supplying a sufficient quantity of independent and identically distributed samples to train the adaptive filter. However, measured data analysis indicates the airborne radar environment can appear quite nonhomogeneous. This paper considers simple descriptions of nonhomogeneity, demonstrates measured data is nonhomogeneous via analysis of multichannel airborne radar measurements (MCARM) data, and discusses a means to excise outliers from covariance matrix estimation.","PeriodicalId":432418,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 1998 IEEE Radar Conference, RADARCON'98. Challenges in Radar Systems and Solutions (Cat. No.98CH36197)","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132991072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}