Cardiovascular Endocrinology & Metabolism最新文献

{"title":"The risk factors potentially influencing risk of serious illness/death in people with diabetes, following SARS-CoV-2 infection: What needs to be done from here.","authors":"Adrian H Heald, Mark Livingston, Gabriela Moreno, John Martin Gibson","doi":"10.1097/XCE.0000000000000255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/XCE.0000000000000255","url":null,"abstract":"Adrian H. Heald, Mark Livingston, Gabriela Moreno and John Martin Gibson, The School of Medicine and Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Black Country Pathology Services, Walsall Manor Hospital, Walsall, UK and Coordinación Nacional de Investigación, Subdirección de Servicios de Salud, Petróleos Mexicanos, Ciudad de México, México","PeriodicalId":43231,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular Endocrinology & Metabolism","volume":"10 4","pages":"231-232"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2021-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/58/12/xce-10-231.PMC8575435.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39866823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic association of <i>LPL</i> rs326 with BMI among the Kuwaiti population.","authors":"Sara H Malek,&nbsp;Ahmad E Al-Serri,&nbsp;Suzanne A Al-Bustan","doi":"10.1097/XCE.0000000000000254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/XCE.0000000000000254","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lipoprotein lipase is a key enzyme in lipid metabolism with reported variants associated with obesity, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and coronary heart disease. This study was performed to investigate the association between common lipoprotein lipase single nucleotide polymorphisms and metabolic disorders in a sample of Kuwaiti cohort (n = 494). Five lipoprotein lipase variants (rs1801177, rs295, rs326, ss2137497749, and ss2137497750) across the lipoprotein lipase gene were genotyped by real-time PCR employing the TaqMan allele discrimination assay. Genotype, allelic frequencies, and Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium were determined for each variant in the cohort followed by multivariate and logistic regression analysis. A novel finding was observed for the G allele of single nucleotide polymorphism rs326 which was associated with increased BMI after adjusting for age and sex (β = 1.04; 95% confidence interval = 0.15-1.94; <i>P</i> = 0.02). Moreover, a significant difference in the distribution of the minor C allele of rs295 among coronary heart disease subjects compared with noncoronary heart disease, however, this significance was diminished after controlling for age, sex, and BMI. This study demonstrated that lipoprotein lipase rs326 may be indicative for the increased risk of obesity and possibly rs295 for coronary heart disease. The findings are also in agreement with other reports suggesting that intronic variants are important genetic markers in association studies. The findings warrant further studies in a large cohort to confirm and validate the results presented.</p>","PeriodicalId":43231,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular Endocrinology & Metabolism","volume":"10 4","pages":"215-221"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2021-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/e6/c9/xce-10-215.PMC8575433.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39614097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The microvascular hypothesis underlying neurologic manifestations of long COVID-19 and possible therapeutic strategies.","authors":"","doi":"10.1097/XCE.0000000000000253","DOIUrl":"10.1097/XCE.0000000000000253","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>With the ongoing distribution of the coronavirus disease (COVID) vaccines, the pandemic of our age is ending, leaving the world to deal with its well-documented aftereffects. Long COVID comprises a variety of symptoms, of which the neurological component prevails. The most permeating theory on the genesis of these symptoms builds upon the development of microvascular dysfunction similar to that seen in numerous vascular diseases such as diabetes. This can occur through the peripheral activation of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptors, or through exacerbations of pro-inflammatory cytokines that can remain in circulation even after the infection diminishes. Several drugs have been identified to act on the neurovascular unit to promote repair, such as gliptins, and others. They also succeeded in improving neurologic outcome in diabetic patients. The repurposing of such drugs for treatment of long COVID-19 can possibly shorten the time to recovery of long COVID-19 syndrome.</p>","PeriodicalId":43231,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular Endocrinology & Metabolism","volume":"10 4","pages":"193-203"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2021-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/9f/b8/xce-10-193.PMC8575441.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39614094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low sex hormone binding globulin: a potential predictor of future glucose dysregulation in women.","authors":"Adrian H Heald,&nbsp;Ian Laing,&nbsp;Simon Anderson,&nbsp;Mark Livingston","doi":"10.1097/XCE.0000000000000252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/XCE.0000000000000252","url":null,"abstract":"Adrian H. Heald, Ian Laing, Simon Anderson and Mark Livingston, The Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health and Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Salford Royal Hospital, Salford, UK, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Royal Preston Hospital, University of the West Indies, Cavehill Campus, Barbados, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Black Country Pathology Services, Walsall Manor Hospital, Walsall and School of Medicine and Clinical Practice, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, UK","PeriodicalId":43231,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular Endocrinology & Metabolism","volume":"10 3","pages":"191-192"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2021-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8352627/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39307017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlation between the ankle-brachial index and microalbuminuria with certain risk factors in type 2 diabetes patients.","authors":"Van Tuan Nguyen,&nbsp;Ha Linh Phan,&nbsp;Thi Minh Hoang,&nbsp;Thi Phuong Lan Dam,&nbsp;Thi Hang Ho,&nbsp;Quang Thuan Huynh","doi":"10.1097/XCE.0000000000000251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/XCE.0000000000000251","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The ankle-brachial index (ABI) is a fast, simple, noninvasive method that provides accurate results in the early diagnosis of peripheral artery disease. Microalbuminuria is considered a predictor of renal and cardiovascular complications in patients with diabetes. This study was conducted to determine the correlation between ABI and microalbuminuria with certain risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes.</p><p><strong>Subjects and research methods: </strong>A cross-sectional descriptive study was performed on 62 inpatients with type 2 diabetes. All patients were measured for ABI as well as microalbuminuria, HbA1c, glucose and lipidemia in the blood.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study results showed that in patients with dyslipidemia, the risk of having microalbuminuria (+) increased 5.7 times and ABI ≤0.90 increased 8.6 times (<i>P</i> = 0.004 and 0.021, respectively). Fasting blood glucose >7.2 mmol/L had 5.7 times higher microalbuminuria (+) risk and 8.6 times higher ABI ≤0.90 (<i>P</i> = 0.004 and 0.021, respectively). Patients with HbA1c ≥7% were 2.9 times more likely to have microalbuminuria (+) and ABI ≤0.90 (<i>P</i> = 0.043 and 0.048, respectively).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Peripheral vascular disease risk factors such as hypertension, dyslipidemia and waist circumference and the effectiveness of fasting blood glucose and HbA1c control increased the risk of high microalbuminuria and ABI in patients with type 2 diabetes.</p>","PeriodicalId":43231,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular Endocrinology & Metabolism","volume":"10 4","pages":"210-214"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2021-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/2f/6d/xce-10-210.PMC8575440.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39614096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recalibration of thinking about adrenocortical function assessment: how the 'random' cortisol relates to the short synacthen test results.","authors":"Maria Michaelidou,&nbsp;Ghasem Yadegarfar,&nbsp;Lauren Morris,&nbsp;Samantha Dolan,&nbsp;Adam Robinson,&nbsp;Asma Naseem,&nbsp;Mark Livingston,&nbsp;Chris J Duff,&nbsp;Peter Trainer,&nbsp;Anthony A Fryer,&nbsp;Adrian H Heald","doi":"10.1097/XCE.0000000000000250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/XCE.0000000000000250","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The short synacthen test (SST) is the most commonly performed investigation to assess adrenal function. Appropriate criteria for when an SST is performed are subject to debate. We investigated how random serum cortisol levels relate to SST response.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We examined random cortisol measurements taken between 04.40-23.55 p.m. results of SST baseline and 30-/60-min cortisol performed over 12 months (225 SSTs) at Salford Royal Hospital. Serum cortisol was measured on the Siemens Centaur Analyser.A 30-60-min cortisol concentration of ≥450 nmol/L defined a pass; 350-449 nmol/L defined borderline.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patients only proceeded to SST if random cortisol was <400 nmol/L. For those not on corticosteroids for at least 2 weeks, 42/43 (97.7%) cases with random cortisol concentration of ≥200 nmol/L had an SST 'pass'. The relation was less clear with corticosteroid treatment (19/35 cases; 54%).For those not taking glucocorticoid treatment (including inhaled/topical corticosteroids) in the previous 2 weeks, 91.8% of SSTs were pass/2.7% borderline/5.5% fail. For those on steroids, 51.9% of SSTs were a pass/11.4% were borderline.In relation to the postsynacthen cortisol pass cut-off of ≥450 nmol/L, in 15/207 (7.2%) of cases, the 60-min cortisol was ≥450 nmol/L (adequate adrenocortical function), but 30-min cortisol was below this. In all cases where the 30-min cortisol did indicate a pass (i.e. was ≥450 nmol/L) the 60-min cortisol was also ≥450 nmol/L.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings suggest that if the random cortisol level is ≥200 nmol/L, regardless of the time of day and the person was not taking corticosteroid treatment in the previous 2 weeks, SST may not be needed. Our data also suggests that 60-min cortisol retains utility.</p>","PeriodicalId":43231,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular Endocrinology & Metabolism","volume":"10 2","pages":"137-145"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2021-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/79/89/xce-10-137.PMC8186517.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39083654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dapagliflozin: an effective adjunctive treatment in type 1 diabetes.","authors":"Ghasem Yadegarfar,&nbsp;Mark Livingston,&nbsp;Gabriela Cortes,&nbsp;Ramadan Alshames,&nbsp;Kate Leivesley,&nbsp;Ann Metters,&nbsp;Linda Horne,&nbsp;Tom Steele,&nbsp;Adrian H Heald","doi":"10.1097/XCE.0000000000000248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/XCE.0000000000000248","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Many people with type 1 diabetes (T1DM) continue to run high HbA1c levels with an associated elevated risk of cardiovascular events and increased mortality. We describe here how adjunctive prescription of an SGLT2 inhibitor has improved the glycaemic control of several people with T1DM, where the new technology has been intensively deployed.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We report outcomes of six adults with T1DM who have been given dapagliflozin in East Cheshire, UK. Initiation was with education/support from the diabetes specialist nurses. All had an HbA1c of 70 mmol/mol (8.6%) or more before this was initiated. All had been monitoring glycemia with a FreeStyle Libre monitor for at least 6 months prior to this.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The age range was 30-68 years. The mean duration of T1DM was 23.3 ± 5.5 years. All were on a basal-bolus regime. Over a 6 month period, HbA1c fell from 78.5 mmol/mol (9.3%) to 55 mmol/mol (7.2%). The greatest reduction in HbA1c was 57 mmol/mol (7.4%). Analysis of the FreeStyle Libre blood glucose records showed that the proportion of blood glucose readings on target (4-10 mmol/L) increased from 33.1 to 65.2% with the addition of dapagliflozin(P = 0.007). The proportion of blood glucose readings above target (>10 mmol/L) decreased from 68.0 to 26.4%, 6 months after initiation of dapagliflozin (P = 0.005). There was no increase in symptomatic hypoglycemia.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Dapagliflozin as adjunctive therapy to basal-bolus regime insulin in individuals with T1DM was well tolerated and improved glycemic control with no increase in hypoglycemia. We provide further evidence of the value of this intervention.</p>","PeriodicalId":43231,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular Endocrinology & Metabolism","volume":"10 2","pages":"132-136"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2021-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/f0/cf/xce-10-132.PMC8189611.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39091866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Successful use of the sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitor dapagliflozin in patients with renal transplant and diabetes: a case series and literature review.","authors":"Wajiha Gul, Emad Naem, Safa Elawad, Tarik Elhadd","doi":"10.1097/XCE.0000000000000246","DOIUrl":"10.1097/XCE.0000000000000246","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Management of patients with diabetes and renal transplant could be challenging. Transplant patients use multiple immune suppressants that can worsen or even trigger hyperglycemia. There are no data about the use of the new class of sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitor dapagliflozin in patients with renal transplant and diabetes.</p><p><strong>Case series: </strong>Four patients, with diabetes, who are attending the diabetes clinic at our institution, are presented here. They were all counseled to be started on dapagliflozin 10 mg to improve diabetes control as they were on multiple agents and not achieving targets. All four patients showed significant improvement in hemoglobin A1c, with no adverse effects on renal parameters and had favorable effect on weight and blood pressure (BP).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Use of the SGLT-2 inhibitor dapagliflozin in the standard dose of 10 mg helped to achieve satisfactory control with favorable effects on BP and weight with no adverse effects on renal function.</p>","PeriodicalId":43231,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular Endocrinology & Metabolism","volume":"10 4","pages":"222-224"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2021-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8575439/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39614098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome: when pregnancy leads to lifelong dialysis: a case report and literature review.","authors":"Bair Cadet,&nbsp;Daniel Meshoyrer,&nbsp;Zae Kim","doi":"10.1097/XCE.0000000000000247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/XCE.0000000000000247","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS), a challenging disorder, commonly caused by inherited defects or regulatory processes of the complement alternative pathway. There are multiple causes, including pregnancy. Pregnancy provokes life-threatening episodes, preeclampsia, hemolysis elevated liver enzymes low platelets, microangiopathic hemolytic anemia (MAHA) and end-stage renal disease. Additionally, complement dysregulation and, with aHUS, affects fetal and maternal outcomes. Pregnancy-associated aHUS results in a poor prognosis with irreversible renal damage. Likewise, it is imperative to know that MAHA can provoke endothelial disruption, destruction of red cells and thrombocytopenia. We present a case of a young 18-year-old woman with MAHA and aHUS, requiring emergent cesarean section at 34 weeks of gestation and hemodialysis, secondary to complications from a recent pregnancy. Elevated blood pressure readings, rising creatinine levels, as well as her mother being on dialysis after pregnancy raised suspicion for thrombotic microangiopathy and aHUS. She was subsequently managed with plasma exchange, steroids, eculizumab and hemodialysis. Thus, plasma exchange should be initiated, with pending additional workup. Upon a definitive diagnosis of aHUS, eculizumab would be warranted to mitigate immune dysregulation. Understanding thrombotic microangiopathies diagnosis, and recognizing concomitant consequences, is vital. Having better insights into endothelial injuries can prevent unfortunate outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":43231,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular Endocrinology & Metabolism","volume":"10 4","pages":"225-230"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2021-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/ec/86/xce-10-225.PMC8575437.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39614099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors and diabetic retinopathy: insights into preservation of sight and looking beyond.","authors":"Sejal Lahoti,&nbsp;Mouhamed Nashawi,&nbsp;Omar Sheikh,&nbsp;David Massop,&nbsp;Mahnoor Mir,&nbsp;Robert Chilton","doi":"10.1097/XCE.0000000000000209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/XCE.0000000000000209","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 Inhibitors (SGLT2i) were initially developed as therapeutic options for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Recently, randomized clinical trials have investigated their effects in cardiorenal protection through major adverse cardiovascular event reduction and reductions in diabetic nephropathy. While multiple mechanisms are proposed for this protection, microvascular protection is the primary component of their efficacy. While not primarily emphasized in clinical trials, evidence in other studies suggests that SGLT2i may confer retinoprotective effects via some of the same mechanisms in the aforementioned cardiorenal trials. Diabetic patients are susceptible to vision loss with chronic hyperglycemia promoting inflammation, edema, and retinal pathological changes. Targeting these pathways via SGLT2i may represent opportunities for providers to decrease retinopathy in high-risk T2DM patients, reduce disease progression, and lower drug burden in diabetic retinopathy patients. Further comprehensive clinical trials investigating these associations are needed to establish the potential retinoprotective effects of SGLT2i.</p>","PeriodicalId":43231,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular Endocrinology & Metabolism","volume":"10 1","pages":"3-13"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7901818/pdf/xce-10-03.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10291795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}