Cardiovascular Endocrinology & Metabolism最新文献

{"title":"Investigation of polycystic ovarian syndrome: variation in practice and impact on the speed of diagnosis.","authors":"Amar M Karia,&nbsp;Christopher J Duff,&nbsp;Adrian H Heald,&nbsp;Ingrid Britton,&nbsp;Anthony A Fryer,&nbsp;Pensée Wu","doi":"10.1097/XCE.0000000000000245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/XCE.0000000000000245","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Accurate diagnosis of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) enables clinical interventions/cardiometabolic risk factor management. Diagnosis can take over 2 years and multiple clinician contacts. We examined patterns of PCOS-associated biochemical investigations following initial consultation prior to pelvic ultrasound scan (USS).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We determined in 206 women (i) the range of different biochemical test panels used in the diagnosis of PCOS in primary/secondary care prior to USS relative to national guidance in the UK and (ii) the relation between testing patterns and time to USS to highlight potential delays introduced by inappropriate testing.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In these 206 women, 47 different test combinations were requested at initial venepuncture; only 7 (3%) had the test panel suggested in UK guidance (follicle-stimulating hormone/luteinizing hormone/testosterone/sex hormone-binding globulin/prolactin). The number of tests performed prior to USS varied from one test to all seven tests. There was an inverse relation between the number of biochemistry tests requested at initial venepuncture episode and 'time to scan'. Those who had <3 tests had a significantly longer time from first request to USS (median 70 days) than those with 3-7 tests (median 40 days; <i>P</i> = 0.002). One venepuncture episode prior to USS was associated with shorter 'time to scan' (median 29 days) than those with 2-4 episodes (median 255 days; <i>P</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There was no identifiable pattern to biochemical investigations requested as part of the initial diagnostic evaluation in women with suspected PCOS. We recommend standardization of the initial biochemical panel of analytes for PCOS workup, with incorporation into hospital/general practice ordering software systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":43231,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular Endocrinology & Metabolism","volume":"10 2","pages":"120-124"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2021-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/36/d9/xce-10-120.PMC8186510.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39100979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The relationship between rheumatoid arthritis and diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Zixing Tian,&nbsp;John Mclaughlin,&nbsp;Arpana Verma,&nbsp;Hector Chinoy,&nbsp;Adrian H Heald","doi":"10.1097/XCE.0000000000000244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/XCE.0000000000000244","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This systematic review/meta-analysis was conducted to investigate the relationship between rheumatoid arthritis and the incidence of diabetes mellitus.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A comprehensive search was conducted up to 10 March 2020 in Medline (via Ovid), Embase (via Ovid) and Web of Science core collection to identify cohort studies comparing the risk of diabetes mellitus incidence in people with rheumatoid arthritis with the general population. The I2 statistic was used to test heterogeneity. Pooled relative risks were calculated using random-effects models. Publication bias was assessed using Egger's test and Begg's test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The initial search provided 3669 articles. Of those, five journal articles/two conference abstracts comprising 1 629 854 participants were included in this study. The funnel plot showed potential publication bias, proven by Egger's test (-3.15, P < 0.01), but not Begg's test (-0.05, P = 1.00). Heterogeneity was observed in I2 test (I2 = 96%, P < 0.01). We found that rheumatoid arthritis was associated with a higher risk of diabetes mellitus incidence (pooled relative risk, 1.23; 95% confidence interval, 1.07-1.40). Exploration of potential sources of heterogeneity found significant heterogeneity in different countries/regions (P = 0.002), but heterogeneity was NS in different study designs (P = 0.30). Sensitivity analyses confirmed that the association between rheumatoid arthritis and diabetes mellitus incidence was robust.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Rheumatoid arthritis is associated with an increased risk of diabetes mellitus incidence. This finding supports the notion that inflammatory pathways are involved in the pathogenesis of diabetes. More intensive interventions targeting diabetes risk factors should be considered in people with rheumatoid arthritis.</p>","PeriodicalId":43231,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular Endocrinology & Metabolism","volume":"10 2","pages":"125-131"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2021-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/b2/f8/xce-10-125.PMC8189616.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39092932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute cardiac overload does not induce cardiac or skeletal expression of fibroblast growth factor 23 in rats.","authors":"Abul Fajol,&nbsp;Hirotaka Komaba,&nbsp;Chigusa Ishioka,&nbsp;Takehiko Wada,&nbsp;Masafumi Fukagawa","doi":"10.1097/XCE.0000000000000249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/XCE.0000000000000249","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Elevated fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) is associated with cardiovascular events, particularly heart failure. Although FGF23 has been reported to induce cardiac hypertrophy, recent studies demonstrated that cardiac hypertrophy and myocardial infarction induce FGF23 production by cardiomyocytes. We aimed to explore whether acute cardiac overload increases cardiac and skeletal <i>FGF23</i> expression and circulating FGF23 levels.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We administered 30 μL/g bodyweight of isotonic saline intraperitoneally in rats to induce acute cardiac overload. We measured serum FGF23 levels and other parameters of mineral metabolism at 2, 6, and 24 h after saline or sham injection. We also analyzed gene expression in the heart, calvarium, femur, and kidney at 2 and 24 h after injection.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Acute saline injection induced cardiac overload as evidenced by a significant upregulation of brain natriuretic peptide along with a trend towards increased expression of atrial natriuretic peptide and mild hyponatremia. However, there were no changes in serum FGF23 levels or <i>FGF23</i> expression in the heart, calvarium, or femur.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Acute cardiac overload by saline injection in rats did neither induce <i>FGF23</i> expression in the heart or bone nor did it increase serum FGF23 levels. These findings suggest that more severe or long-term cardiac damage is required for induction of <i>FGF23</i> expression.</p>","PeriodicalId":43231,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular Endocrinology & Metabolism","volume":"10 4","pages":"204-209"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2021-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8575438/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39614095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardiometabolic medicine: a review of the current proposed approaches to revamped training in the United States.","authors":"Garshasb P Soroosh,&nbsp;Omar Dzaye,&nbsp;Cara Reiter-Brennan,&nbsp;Michael J Blaha","doi":"10.1097/XCE.0000000000000243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/XCE.0000000000000243","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of mortality in the United States, and the population of patients with cardiometabolic conditions, including obesity, metabolic syndrome and diabetes mellitus, continues to grow. There is a need for physicians with specific training in cardiometabolic medicine to provide a 'medical home' for patients with cardiometabolic disease, rather than the fractured care that currently exists in the United States. Cardiometabolic specialists will head multidisciplinary clinics, develop practice guidelines, and lead through research. Proposals for US training in cardiometabolic medicine include: maintain the current training model, a dedicated 2-3 year fellowship following internal medicine residency, a 1-year fellowship following either internal medicine residency or fellowship in cardiology or endocrinology, and certification available to any interested clinician. This review discusses the pros and cons of these approaches. The authors believe that a dedicated cardiometabolic training fellowship has significant advantages over the other options.</p>","PeriodicalId":43231,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular Endocrinology & Metabolism","volume":"10 3","pages":"168-174"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/cf/12/xce-10-168.PMC8352603.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39307012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Salivary markers and coronavirus disease 2019: insights from cross-talk between the oral microbiome and pulmonary and systemic low-grade inflammation and implications for vascular complications.","authors":"Antoine AbdelMassih,&nbsp;Alaa A Hassan,&nbsp;Aya S Abou-Zeid,&nbsp;Aya Hassan,&nbsp;Engy Hussein,&nbsp;Mahenar Gadalla,&nbsp;Mahinour Hussein,&nbsp;Maryam A Eid,&nbsp;Maryam Elahmady,&nbsp;Nadine El Nahhas,&nbsp;Nadine Emad,&nbsp;Nihal Zahra,&nbsp;Nour Aboushadi,&nbsp;Nourhan Ibrahim,&nbsp;Sherouk Mokhtar,&nbsp;Habiba-Allah Ismail,&nbsp;Nadine El-Husseiny,&nbsp;Reham Khaled Moharam,&nbsp;Esraa Menshawey,&nbsp;Rahma Menshawey","doi":"10.1097/XCE.0000000000000242","DOIUrl":"10.1097/XCE.0000000000000242","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To date, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has affected over 6.2 million individuals worldwide, including 1.46 million deaths. COVID-19 complications are mainly induced by low-grade inflammation-causing vascular degeneration. There is an increasing body of evidence that suggests that oral dysbiotic taxa are associated with worse prognosis in COVID-19 patients, especially the Prevotella genus, which was retrieved from nasopharyngeal and bronchoalveolar lavage samples in affected patients. Oral dysbiosis may act by increasing the likelihood of vascular complications through low-grade inflammation, as well as impairing respiratory mucosal barrier mechanisms against SARS-CoV-2. Salivary markers can be used to reflect this oral dysbiosis and its subsequent damaging effects on and the lungs and vasculature. Salivary sampling can be self-collected, and is less costly and less invasive, and thus may be a superior option to serum markers in risk stratification of COVID-19 patients. Prospective studies are needed to confirm such hypothesis. Video Abstract: http://links.lww.com/CAEN/A28.</p>","PeriodicalId":43231,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular Endocrinology & Metabolism","volume":"10 3","pages":"162-167"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/ba/59/xce-10-162.PMC8352626.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39306626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Speckle tracking echocardiographic assessment of left ventricular longitudinal strain in female patients with subclinical hyperthyroidism.","authors":"Randa R Abdelrazk,&nbsp;Amr A El-Sehrawy,&nbsp;Mohamed G M Ghoniem,&nbsp;Maged Z Amer","doi":"10.1097/XCE.0000000000000241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/XCE.0000000000000241","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Patients with subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) are subjected to many cardiac changes. However, these changes are of gradual onset and cannot be usually detected using conventional diagnostic methods. Speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) is capable to detect cardiac function alterations usually unidentified by conventional echocardiography. The present study aimed to evaluate the role of STE in the detection of early cardiac changes in female patients with SCH.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study included 33 female patients with SCH and 30 matched healthy volunteer women with normal thyroid functions who served as controls. Upon recruitment, all participants were subjected to careful history taking, thorough clinical examination and routine laboratory investigations, including thyroid-stimulating hormone and Free T4. The echocardiographic examination included conventional, color Doppler and two-dimensional STE.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Analysis of conventional echocardiographic data revealed that patients had significantly higher end-systolic volume when compared with controls. In addition, it was noted that SCH patients had significantly lower mitral E/A ratio, isovolumetric relaxation time and significantly higher left atrium volume index in comparison to controls. In respect to STE data, we noted that patients had significantly lower values of mid-anteroseptal, apical lateral, apical septal, apical apex, AP4L strain and global strain % when compared with controls.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Patients with SCH have deteriorated global strain in comparison to healthy controls.</p>","PeriodicalId":43231,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular Endocrinology & Metabolism","volume":"10 3","pages":"182-185"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2020-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/05/06/xce-10-182.PMC8352628.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39307015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel biomarkers for subtle myocardial involvement in type I diabetes mellitus.","authors":"Sonia A El-Saiedi,&nbsp;Mona H Hafez,&nbsp;Yasser M Sedky,&nbsp;Sahar A Sharaf,&nbsp;Mona S Kamel,&nbsp;Antoine F AbdelMassih","doi":"10.1097/XCE.0000000000000240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/XCE.0000000000000240","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Evaluation of certain biomarkers could be used to predict left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) function impairment in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus. The aim of this study was to determine the best cardiac biomarker for prediction of diabetic cardiomyopathy.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>This study was designed as case-control study. A total of 55 children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (group/G1) and 55 healthy controls (G2) were subjected to echocardiography including 3D-Speckle Tracking Echocardiography and tissue Doppler imaging for assessment of RV and LV systolic and diastolic functions. As well as HbA1c, troponin I, brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), plasma cardiotrophin (CT-1), activin-A, transforming growth factor-β, and human insulin-like growth factor binding protein-7 (IGFBP-7) measurements.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Diabetic patients showed RV and LV systo-diastolic dysfunction compared to controls, the best predictor of LV systolic dysfunction was CT-1 (sensitivity: 69%, while IGFBP-7 was found to be the best predictor of RV systolic dysfunction (sensitivity: 63%). BNP was found to the best predictor of diastolic RV and LV dysfunction (sensitivity: 82% for both).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>CT-1 has proven to be a diagnostic superiority in LV systolic dysfunction whilst BNP continues to prove every day through our study and through many others that it is the chief marker of diastolic dysfunction and HFpEF. This potential accuracy and the increasing availability of BNP in the outpatient setting make it clear that it should be used as a screening test for diabetic patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":43231,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular Endocrinology & Metabolism","volume":"10 3","pages":"175-181"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2020-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8352619/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39307014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of diastolic function in newly diagnosed hyperthyroid patients with preserved left ventricular systolic function.","authors":"Maryam Shojaeifard,&nbsp;Zahra Davoudi,&nbsp;Azam Erfanifar,&nbsp;Hamed Fattahi Neisiani,&nbsp;Sajad Erami,&nbsp;Hooman Bakhshandeh,&nbsp;Khadije Mohammadi","doi":"10.1097/XCE.0000000000000238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/XCE.0000000000000238","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Diastolic dysfunction has been reported as a cardiovascular effect of hyperthyroidism, and is also supposed to be a cause of heart failure manifestations in the patients with preserved ejection fraction (EF).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>For evaluation of diastolic function in hyperthyroid patients and also diastolic function during performing exercise stress echocardiography, we conducted this study on 25 newly diagnosed hyperthyroid patients compared to 26 healthy subjects as control group. Diastolic function of the patients at rest was assessed using these parameters as follows: left atrium volume index, tricuspid regurgitation (TR) velocity, mitral inflow early diastolic flow (E wave), tissue Doppler of mitral annular velocity (e'), E/e' ratio, and isovolumic relaxation time (IVRT); and during exercise stress echocardiography, we judged diastolic response by measuring E/e' ratio and TR velocity at the peak of stress.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age of the patients was 39.64 ± 12.23 years old and 52% of them were female. History of exertional dyspnea was found in 64% of patients. All the patients had normal diastolic function at the time of resting and there was no significant difference in diastolic parameters between the two groups except for IVRT, which was lower in hyperthyroid patients. Interestingly, no patients developed diastolic dysfunction during exercise stress echocardiography.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our finding did not show diastolic dysfunction in hyperthyroid patients neither at rest nor during exercise echocardiography and did not support the hypothesis that diastolic dysfunction can be a cause of exertional intolerance and dyspnea in the patients with preserved EF.</p>","PeriodicalId":43231,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular Endocrinology & Metabolism","volume":"10 3","pages":"186-190"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2020-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8352617/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39307016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The acute vs. chronic effect of exercise on insulin sensitivity: nothing lasts forever.","authors":"Fred J DiMenna,&nbsp;Avigdor D Arad","doi":"10.1097/XCE.0000000000000239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/XCE.0000000000000239","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Regular exercise causes chronic adaptations in anatomy/physiology that provide first-line defense for disease prevention/treatment ('exercise is medicine'). However, transient changes in function that occur following each exercise bout (acute effect) are also important to consider. For example, in contrast to chronic adaptations, the effect of exercise on insulin sensitivity is predominantly rooted in a prolonged acute effect (PAE) that can last up to 72 h. Untrained individuals and individuals with lower insulin sensitivity benefit more from this effect and even trained individuals with high insulin sensitivity restore most of a detraining-induced loss following one session of resumed training. Consequently, exercise to combat insulin resistance that begins the pathological journey to cardiometabolic diseases including type 2 diabetes (T2D) should be prescribed with precision to elicit a PAE on insulin sensitivity to serve as a first-line defense prior to pharmaceutical intervention or, when such intervention is necessary, a potential adjunct to it. Video Abstract: http://links.lww.com/CAEN/A27.</p>","PeriodicalId":43231,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular Endocrinology & Metabolism","volume":"10 3","pages":"149-161"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2020-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8352615/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39307013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"JAK out of the Box; The Rationale behind Janus Kinase Inhibitors in the COVID-19 setting, and their potential in obese and diabetic populations.","authors":"Rahma Menshawey,&nbsp;Esraa Menshawey,&nbsp;Ayman H K Alserr,&nbsp;Antoine Fakhry Abdelmassih","doi":"10.1097/XCE.0000000000000237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/XCE.0000000000000237","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The adaptive use of Janus kinase (JAK)-inhibitors has been suggested by rheumatology experts in the management of COVID-19. We recount the rationale behind their use in this setting, and the current evidence for and against their use in this review. JAK-inhibitors role in COVID-19 infection appears to be multifaceted, including preventing viral endocytosis and dampening the effect of excessive chemokines. This drug class may be able to achieve these effects at already preapproved dosages. Concerns arise regarding reactivation of latent viral infections and the feasibility of their use in those with severe disease. Most interestingly, JAK-Inhibitors may also have an additional advantage for diabetic and obese populations, where the dysregulation of JAK-signal transducer and activator of transcription pathway may be responsible for their increased risk of poor outcomes. Targeting this pathway may provide a therapeutic advantage for these patient groups.</p>","PeriodicalId":43231,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular Endocrinology & Metabolism","volume":"10 2","pages":"80-88"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2020-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8103822/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39011669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}