Russian Family Doctor最新文献

{"title":"Prevalence of polymorphism of АDRВ1, AGT, SOD2, CAT genes and their combinations to assess the risk of developing cardiovascular disease","authors":"N. Golovanova, I. Astratenkova, I. Lukyanova, Aleksandra V. Basanko","doi":"10.17816/rfd624814","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/rfd624814","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular disease remains a major public health problem associated with high mortality. The development of these diseases is associated with many genetic and cardiovascular risk factors, so the study of a person’s genetic predisposition to the development of cardiovascular disease based on gene polymorphism remains actual. The aim of research was to study the combination of polymorphisms of the ADRB1 rs1801253, AGT rs4762, SOD2 rs4880 and CAT rs1001179 genes in healthy young people to assess individual genetic predisposition to the development of cardiovascular disease. \u0000MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study involved 33 people aged 19 to 21 years who currently had no pathology of the cardiovascular system. DNA was isolated from oral epithelial cells. Genotyping of DNA samples was determined using real-time polymerase chain reaction. \u0000RESULTS: Among those examined, 39.4% had one or two unfavorable alleles for the ADRB1, AGT genes, suggesting a genetic predisposition to the development of cardiovascular disease. Unfavorable alleles of the ADRB1 gene were more common compared to the AGT gene. Each of those examined at risk of developing cardiovascular disease had one or two alleles associated with a decrease in the functioning of enzymes of the antioxidant system. Of the 33 people, only four (12.1%) do not have an unfavorable allele for the SOD2 and CAT genes. \u0000CONCLUSIONS: We believe that the determination of polymorphisms in genes for enzymes of the antioxidant system will be an important additional criterion for earlier and more active prevention of cardiovascular disease.","PeriodicalId":432054,"journal":{"name":"Russian Family Doctor","volume":"114 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140360335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measles and rubella are two controlled airborne infections: etiopathogenesis, epidemiology, clinical picture, diagnosis, treatment and prevention. Part 1. Measles","authors":"Vladimir A. Neverov, G. I. Kirpichnikova, Vsevolod M. Antonov, G. Startseva, Margarita V. Klur","doi":"10.17816/rfd624422","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/rfd624422","url":null,"abstract":"The lecture is devoted to two infections controlled by specific means of prevention — measles and rubella, which still pose a danger both to the sphere of child and maternal health, and to healthcare in general. \u0000The first part of the lecture is devoted to measles, one of the most contagious diseases, outbreaks of which can be successfully prevented through vaccination or, conversely, serve as an indicator of gaps in immunization programs and primary health care systems. The lecture covers modern aspects of etiopathogenesis, epidemiology, clinical picture, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of measles. In the context of an increase in the incidence of this infection in our country and a number of foreign countries in 2023, the information presented in the lecture may be useful for practitioners and, first of all, family doctors.","PeriodicalId":432054,"journal":{"name":"Russian Family Doctor","volume":"37 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140358485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of sarcopenia and comorbidity on the predicted risk of death in the elderly","authors":"Y. A. Safonova","doi":"10.17816/rfd625689","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/rfd625689","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: People with comorbidity have increased life expectancy in recent years. It affects clinical outcomes, including increased risk of death, which have not been well studied in patients with sarcopenia. \u0000AIM: To study the frequency and structure of comorbidity and assess the contribution of sarcopenia in predicting the risk of death in people aged 65 years and older. \u0000MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 230 people 65 years of age and older (70 men and 160 women, median age — 75 (68–79) years), who were consulted at a medical institution in St. Petersburg. Sarcopenia was diagnosed according to the criteria of the European Working Group on Sarcopenia, 2nd revision (2018). Comorbidity and predicted risk of death were studied using the Charlson comorbidity index. \u0000RESULTS: Iron deficiency anemia and chronic kidney disease C3a–С3b were detected more often (p 0.001 and p = 0.031, respectively), and obesity less often (p 0.001) in sarcopenic patients. In sarcopenic patients, comorbidity was severe [5 (4–6) points] and the risk of death from all causes was 8.89 (95% confidence interval 3.95–20.2) times higher compared with non-sarcopenic patients (p 0.001). \u0000CONCLUSIONS: The significance of comorbidity was revealed, and a high probability of risk of death with sarcopenia in the elderly was revealed. This makes it possible to carry out activities that will delay the onset of death to a later age.","PeriodicalId":432054,"journal":{"name":"Russian Family Doctor","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140359010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The memory to the teacher, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor E.V. Frolova","authors":"C. Konson","doi":"10.17816/rfd625455","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/rfd625455","url":null,"abstract":"The article is dedicated to the memory of Professor of the Department of Family Medicine, member of the editorial board of the journal “Russian Family Doctor”, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor E.V. Frolova, who became a mentor and supervisor for a nurse with higher education, citizen of Israel Claudia Konson.","PeriodicalId":432054,"journal":{"name":"Russian Family Doctor","volume":"3 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140359455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of smoking and consumption of nicotine-containing products among students of medical and technical universities (PROTECT)","authors":"M. Pokhaznikova, O. Y. Kuznetsova, K. V. Ovakimyan, Rosa R. Fatkieva, Anna Yu. Goryaeva, Elena A. Andreeva, Aleksandr E. Sychev, Aleksandra S. Bogacheva, Irina V. Budnikova, Inna L. Samodova, E. R. Nemtsova, A. Litvinova, Daria S. Mamonkina, Maria S. Skornyakova","doi":"10.17816/rfd626281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/rfd626281","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: The article presents data of the study “Prevalence of smoking and consumption of nicotine-containing products among students of medical and technical universities” (PROTEСT), carried out in 2023 at North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov and Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University (LETI) named after V.I. Ulyanov (Lenin). \u0000AIM: To study the prevalence and patterns of consumption of tobacco and nicotine-containing products, attitudes to smoking behaviour. \u0000MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study of a random sample of student groups included 1105 respondents. \u0000RESULTS: The average age of respondents was 20.7 ± 2.0 years, 44.3% were men. 6.8% of participants smoked cigarettes; more often men than women (9.4 vs. 4.7%, p 0.01). The prevalence of nicotine-containing products consumption was 15.7%. There were no differences by gender (men 15.7% and women 15.8%). The use of a combination of cigarettes and nicotine-containing products was noted by 6.6% of students, which led to increase the tobacco smokers number to 13.4%; and the number of people consuming nicotine-containing products to 22.4%. The main reason for starting smoking/consuming nicotine-containing products was the example of friends (in 35.8 and 34% of cases). The reason for the start of smoking and consuming nicotine-containing products were problems in school and family among 21.1% of women and 6.6% of men (p 0.05), and nicotine-containing products by 16.0% of women and 5.7% of men (p 0.05). The majority of consumers of cigarettes and nicotine-containing products combination (38.4%) use them in a 20/80 ratio. Among the respondents, the proportion of smoking relatives is 40.3%, friends — 66.2%, classmates/dormitory neighbors — 71.9%. \u0000CONCLUSIONS: A reduction in tobacco smoking and an increase in the proportion of people using nicotine-containing products and their combination with tobacco, as well as the absence of gender differences in nicotine-containing products consumption, indicates a change in the smoking behavior of students and increases the risk of developing nicotine addiction and harmful health consequences. Differences in the motivation for starting smoking/using nicotine-containing product among men and women requires more detailed study.","PeriodicalId":432054,"journal":{"name":"Russian Family Doctor","volume":"41 40","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140357648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thyroid paradox in older age","authors":"A. Turusheva, Ksenia S. Popova, Daria S. Kinder","doi":"10.17816/rfd627477","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/rfd627477","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: The thyroid gland plays an important role in our body, influencing almost all metabolic processes in the body throughout life. However, literature data on the effect of decreased thyroid function on mortality in older people is contradictory. \u0000AIM: To evaluate the impact of thyroid-stimulating hormone levels on 5-year survival in older adults. \u0000MATERIALS AND METHODS: This work was carried out on the basis of the second screening of the Crystal study of community-dwelling individuals 65+ (n = 383). Main study parameters: thyroid-stimulating hormone level, blood test, lipid profile, albumin, total protein, comprehensive geriatric assessment, 5 years of follow-up. \u0000RESULTS: A thyroid-stimulating hormone level of 3.3–10.0 mIU/L was associated with a 44.6% reduced risk of all-cause mortality (hazard ratio 0.554; 95% confidence interval 0.307–0.999) at 5 years of follow-up, regardless of the presence of non-communicable diseases and geriatric status. A thyroid-stimulating hormone level more 10.0 mIU/L is not associated with an increased risk of mortality. The lower risk of mortality in patients with high thyroid-stimulating hormone levels may be due to a larger thigh muscle circumference. After adjustment for all covariates used and thyroid-stimulating hormone level, a 1 cm increase in thigh muscle circumference was associated with a 4.5% reduction in the risk of all-cause mortality (hazard ratio 0.955; 95% confidence interval 0.932–0.979). \u0000CONCLUSIONS: The lowest risk of all cause-mortality mortality in persons aged 65 years and older is observed with a thyroid-stimulating hormone level of 3.3–10.0 mIU/L. Thyroid-stimulating hormone level more 10.0 mIU/L is not associated with an increased risk of all cause-mortality.","PeriodicalId":432054,"journal":{"name":"Russian Family Doctor","volume":"21 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140361111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lesions of the heart and parenchymatous organs in patients with COVID-19 and other acute respiratory infections","authors":"Roman A. Khokhlov, Margarita V. Yarmonova, Lyudmila V. Tribuntseva","doi":"10.17816/rfd622794","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/rfd622794","url":null,"abstract":"Based on available literature, this study aimed to critically assess the effect of SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory viruses on the heart and parenchymatous internal organs, identify their common and distinctive features, assess the frequency of cytokine storm and “post-infection” syndrome, and identify risk factors for severe systemic reaction and damage to internal organs, particularly the heart. \u0000In the databases of MEDLINE/PubMed, eLibrary, Web of Science, CyberLeninka, and Openmedcom.ru, primary information (full-text and abstract databases) in English and Russian was searched using selected keywords from 2003 to 2023. \u0000Acute respiratory viral infection pathogens can cause not only respiratory but also cardinal, gastroenterological, neurological, and other complications. \u0000Acute respiratory viral infections have many similarities in their effects on parenchymal organs. The emergence of new viruses requires in-depth study, and it is important to consider both the distinctive features of the clinical picture of viral infections and the general patterns of influence on internal organs. In the medium term, patients who have COVID-19 may have complex heart damage in the form of a decrease in ventricular ejection fraction, appearance of pericardial effusion, and development of various types of focal myocardial lesions. The combined nature of damage to the heart and parenchymal organs is influenced by background diseases, nature of the course of viral infection, and features of therapy. The features of lesions of parenchymal organs and the heart after acute respiratory viral infection require further study, including their effect on the development of late complications.","PeriodicalId":432054,"journal":{"name":"Russian Family Doctor","volume":"45 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139611915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Creation of a model for training the communication skills of medical specialists","authors":"L. Shubina, Z. Lopatin","doi":"10.17816/rfd607409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/rfd607409","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Effective interaction between medical workers and patients is not only a service function but also influences compliance with the implementation of recommendations for the prevention and treatment of diseases. The communicative competence of healthcare professionals affects treatment effectiveness and the success of health-preserving measures. \u0000AIM: To examine the problems associated with the formation of communicative competence and determine the fundamental principles of the model of communicative skills of a medical worker. \u0000MATERIALS AND METHODS: A literature review of 32 domestic and 54 foreign publications on teaching communication in medicine was performed. The work of an expert focus group within the framework of a strategic session on communication skills “A coordinated approach to teaching communication skills in medicine” was analyzed. \u0000RESULTS: During the work of the focus group, experts reviewed and specified the main shortcomings in the work of medical personnel in ensuring communication with the patient. In the second part of the focus group work, based on communication defects, four blocks of skills were developed to avoid communication errors. Because of a review of literature data and a generalization of the results of the work of experts, a prototype model of the communication skills of a medical worker was proposed. \u0000CONCLUSIONS: Existing models of medical communication must adapt to national characteristics based on research and joint discussions. The authors propose using fundamental principles of the model of communication skills of a medical worker in educational programs of higher and additional professional education, as outlined in this article.","PeriodicalId":432054,"journal":{"name":"Russian Family Doctor","volume":"38 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139612133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial intelligence in medical practice","authors":"T. S. Fil","doi":"10.17816/rfd601816","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/rfd601816","url":null,"abstract":"With state support, artificial intelligence is being intensively introduced into the healthcare sector. This review provides general information about artificial intelligence and its place in the healthcare system. A part of the lecture is devoted to the Moscow experiment on the use of computer vision in real clinical practice and the experience of the Kirov region on the use of artificial intelligence in the medical examination of the population. The lecture will be interesting to doctors and students to expand their general understanding of artificial intelligence and the possibility of its application in practical healthcare.","PeriodicalId":432054,"journal":{"name":"Russian Family Doctor","volume":"07 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139612498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical case of benralizumab use in severe eosinophilic bronchial asthma in the Republic of Dagestan","authors":"Seypula Sh. Ахмедханов, Saida G. Gadzhiyeva, Albina T. Beybalayeva, Z. Saidova","doi":"10.17816/rfd569352","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/rfd569352","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents the results of the examination, observation, and treatment of a patient with severe persistent bronchial asthma with an eosinophilic phenotype who received benralizumab (Fazenra) in a complex treatment. Benralizumab is indicated for patients with severe bronchial asthma with an eosinophilic phenotype in adult patients as an additional maintenance therapy, in which the use of glucocorticosteroids does not achieve control over the symptoms of the disease. With complex therapy, the inclusion of benralizumab led to positive dynamics of both clinical symptoms and indicators of respiratory function, which allowed us to reduce the volume of therapy with corticosteroids and achieve disease control. The above case is of interest to both pulmonologists and therapists.","PeriodicalId":432054,"journal":{"name":"Russian Family Doctor","volume":"48 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139613529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}