{"title":"An Early Media Transition in the Middle East","authors":"Rebecca Sauer","doi":"10.1163/18739865-01501001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18739865-01501001","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 More than 1,000 years prior to the ‘print revolution’, a massive media transformation took place in the Middle East, namely, the introduction of paper during the eighth century. Accompanied by several further technological changes, the new writing surface—purportedly brought to Central Asia by Chinese prisoners of war—led to an increasing availability of written sources, an ‘explosion of books’. In this paper, I examine the details of this early media transformation, survey how literary and historical sources discussed this development and give insight into the developments it entailed in just a few centuries. The main part of the paper deals with sources from the Mamluk period (1250–1517) that witnessed a thorough literarization of all parts of communal and personal life.","PeriodicalId":43171,"journal":{"name":"Middle East Journal of Culture and Communication","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45444224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"New Media and Revolution: Resistance and Dissent in Pre-Uprising Syria, by Billie Jeanne Brownlee","authors":"Lucia Volk","doi":"10.1163/18739865-01501008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18739865-01501008","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43171,"journal":{"name":"Middle East Journal of Culture and Communication","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46534423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Relaunching the Arab Intellectual","authors":"Yvonne Albers","doi":"10.1163/18739865-01501006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18739865-01501006","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 One year after the 1967 June War, also known as al-naksa, the Syrian poet Adunis announced the launching of a new cultural journal: Mawaqif. The article discusses how that launch in 1968 became the point of culmination in the poet’s strategy to emancipate himself from the poetry journal Shiʿr after resigning from its editorial board in 1964. A close examination of Adunis’s public interventions before and right after 1967 and Mawaqif’s subsequent first issue will show how crisis narratives and the practice of periodical editing serve cultural actors as a strategy of intellectual self-fashioning to gain a distinct position in the cultural field of their time. Mawaqif would accordingly emerge not as a cultural product of the ‘crisis’ that the June War has allegedly constituted but as one of the cultural producers of this moment as a crisis.","PeriodicalId":43171,"journal":{"name":"Middle East Journal of Culture and Communication","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41790370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"‘Translating’ Orality and Sociability into Print","authors":"Barbara Winckler","doi":"10.1163/18739865-01501003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18739865-01501003","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The Beirut-based women’s magazine al-Mar’a al-Jadida (The new woman, 1921–1927), edited by Julia Tu‘ma Dimashqiyya, regularly published articles that reported on cultural events, summarizing and quoting from speeches and poems delivered during the meetings of Jami‘at al-Sayyidat (the Women’s League) or in other forums. In this paper I examine how these forms of orality and sociability were ‘translated’ into print, and for what purpose. While journals of the Nahda period (late nineteenth/early twentieth century) are usually considered primarily educational media and forums for controversial debates, I argue, based on an analysis of selected articles from al-Mar’a al-Jadida, that these texts strongly express the aim of the journal editor and the contributors to build a community of shared values. Inspired by research in media studies that speaks against both media determinism and notions of media purity, in this paper I look at the interplay between the journal and more ephemeral forms of communication. Drawing on recent trends in periodical research that project journals as more than mere vessels for texts and other content, I examine al-Mar’a al-Jadida as a form and a media actor in its own right.","PeriodicalId":43171,"journal":{"name":"Middle East Journal of Culture and Communication","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45849923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Public and Private Diaries","authors":"T. Pepe","doi":"10.1163/18739865-01501007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18739865-01501007","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This article analyzes a number of Egyptian blogs in relation to their print ancestors, in particular private notebooks written by young effendis in the 1920s and public fictional diaries serialized in the periodical press in the same period in Egypt. It compares the media transition taking place in Egypt in the early 2000s following the adoption of blogging and social media to the one occurring in the early decades of the twentieth century following the popularization of printed products. Using theories from media studies and rhetorical studies, it shows how the blog inherits some of the formal and stylistic features of private diaries as well as their anti-authoritarian attitude. Yet it also shows how compared to its ancestors, the blog favors an unprecedented exposure of personal, private issues in public, turning self-writing into a social, communicative activity. Similarly, autofiction and subversive styles of writing are techniques that bloggers borrow from the fictional print diaries in order to write about their private lives in public. However, digital tools, with their mode of circulation, temporality and increasing exposure to state and informal censorship, make it increasingly difficult for bloggers to keep a room of their own.","PeriodicalId":43171,"journal":{"name":"Middle East Journal of Culture and Communication","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48281588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Media Transitions and Cultural Debates in Arab Societies","authors":"T. Pepe, Barbara Winckler","doi":"10.1163/18739865-01501004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18739865-01501004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43171,"journal":{"name":"Middle East Journal of Culture and Communication","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46517229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Early Egyptian Radio","authors":"Ziad Fahmy","doi":"10.1163/18739865-01501005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18739865-01501005","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This article historically traces some of Egypt’s early private radio stations which operated from the late-1920s until May 1934 when they were all forcefully shut down by the Egyptian government. It sheds light on this important early period in Egyptian media history and highlights the role of many unacknowledged early radio pioneers. More importantly, the article analyzes the early forced transition to government-controlled radio and the impact this sudden shift must have had on the owners, producers and listeners of these stations as well as its broader implications on Egypt’s media landscape. This top-down transition from media-capitalism to what I call media-etatism started with radio in the 1930s and, later on under Gamal Abdel Nasser, expanded to print and other media, exemplifying state control of media in Egypt for at least an entire generation.","PeriodicalId":43171,"journal":{"name":"Middle East Journal of Culture and Communication","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45020313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Arabic Prose Poetry","authors":"Nevine Fayek","doi":"10.1163/18739865-01501011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18739865-01501011","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This article attempts to outline the most significant linguistic and conceptual transformations brought about by the developing periodical press and the translation movement in Egypt toward the beginning of the twentieth century. Both these phenomena entailed the need for new writing practices, which in turn led to intense discussions about the form and status of the literary/poetic text. While poetry constitutes the core of this discussion, the most relevant conceptual transformation that shall be highlighted here is the unprecedented move to involve prose as an equal component or tool of expression into the debate on how to (re)define poetry.","PeriodicalId":43171,"journal":{"name":"Middle East Journal of Culture and Communication","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46389133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Intermediating Aural and Visual Divides in Ahmed Shafie’s Print Literary Media and Hassan Khan’s New Media Art","authors":"Marie Thérèse Abdelmessih","doi":"10.1163/18739865-01501012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18739865-01501012","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 New literary media in print has changed its paradigms by converging with new media art; likewise, new media art draws on narrative techniques and poetic images. These paradigm transmutations have generated collaborative links binding distinct creative practices, intensifying the reading engagement and/or immersive experience. The mutual interpenetrations of print literary media and new media art challenges traditional understandings of literary, visual and acoustic practices, urging us to rethink mainstream/popular and local/global divides. This paper draws on new literary writing in print by Ahmed Shafie (b. 1977), a Cairo-based writer, poet and translator, along with new media art by Hassan Khan (b. 1975), a Cairo-based writer, composer, and new media artist, both informed by regional and worldwide cultures. By intermediating their visual, verbal and/or aural experiences, this paper addresses the convergent strategies used to produce signification in a worldwide rapidly changing cultural context. The intensity of the reader’s/viewer’s/user’s engagement with the literary or visual experience will be explored to reconsider intermediation as an act of intervention.","PeriodicalId":43171,"journal":{"name":"Middle East Journal of Culture and Communication","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42114401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Meandering Through the Magazine","authors":"W. Armbrust","doi":"10.1163/18739865-01501002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18739865-01501002","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In the context of the Middle East, conventionally, ‘new media’ have been viewed as digital media that have emerged over roughly the past two to three decades. The advent of any new medium has always disrupted the affordances of existing media—a fact widely recognized in historically inflected media studies. My paper explores the illustrated magazine in interwar Egypt. In this case the form of the printed artifact itself necessitated novel reading practices; this made it both distinctive in the field of print culture, and legible by means used to analyze audiovisual and digital media. I explore the illustrated magazine through a close reading of a single issue of al-Ithnayn, a popular variety magazine from the mid-1930s; I show how such concepts as flow, remediation and hypertextuality help us understand the cultural and sensory impact of such materials, and particularly their key position between audiocentric and ocularcentric reading cultures. The significance of al-Ithnayn cannot be reduced to a generic instantiation of what had by that time become a global medium. It also expressed social tensions of its time and facilitated readers’ own negotiations with a broad emergence of new media beyond the magazine itself.","PeriodicalId":43171,"journal":{"name":"Middle East Journal of Culture and Communication","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42506584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}