IF 0.5 4区哲学

NTM Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-17 DOI: 10.1007/s00048-025-00434-4

Heather Wolffram

引用次数: 0

The Psychology of Testimony and the Interrogation of Children: Contesting the Expertise of Teachers and Female Police Officers, circa 1922-1944. 证词的心理学和对儿童的审讯：对教师和女警察专业知识的质疑，大约1922-1944年。

IF 0.5 4区哲学

NTM Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-22 DOI: 10.1007/s00048-025-00432-6

Laurens Schlicht

{"title":"The Psychology of Testimony and the Interrogation of Children: Contesting the Expertise of Teachers and Female Police Officers, circa 1922-1944.","authors":"Laurens Schlicht","doi":"10.1007/s00048-025-00432-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00048-025-00432-6","url":null,"abstract":"In this case study, I focus on two previously underresearched groups in the history of police interrogation: officers of the Female Criminal Police, established around 1926, and schoolteachers who, beginning in 1924, collaborated with the Leipzig Criminal Office as so-called criminal aides (Kriminalhelfer). Both the Female Criminal Police and the criminal aides of the Leipzig Criminal Office claimed a distinct niche within the domain of interrogation practices. They publicly asserted a superior aptitude for questioning children and adolescents, particularly in cases involving the sexual abuse of minors (then classified as Sittlichkeitsdelikte, that is, \"moral offenses\") under §176 of the Imperial Penal Code. The article situates these two groups within a broader discourse about interrogation methods that emerged around 1900, a debate increasingly shaped by new psychological approaches-above all, by the emerging field of the psychology of testimony (Aussagepsychologie). The question of which epistemic persona could most competently interrogate minors reflected, on one level, professional interests-the pursuit of new occupational opportunities for women and for teachers-and, on another, the contested epistemic authority and social recognition tied to particular forms of subjectivity. In the longer run, female police officers succeeded in establishing their legitimacy because they offered a model that could be integrated into existing police structures: a model of psychologically trained, empathetic officers responsible for cases involving children and young people. Teachers, by contrast, were unable to articulate a comparable epistemic or administrative framework, and their involvement in interrogation practices remained highly localized and short-lived.","PeriodicalId":43143,"journal":{"name":"NTM","volume":" ","pages":"487-515"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12669257/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145349076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Experimental Interrogations: Tatbestandsdiagnostik, Objectivity, and the Impact of Experimental Psychology on Early-Twentieth-Century Criminal Justice. 实验审讯：旁观者、诊断、客观性以及实验心理学对二十世纪早期刑事司法的影响。

IF 0.3 4区哲学

NTM Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-17 DOI: 10.1007/s00048-025-00431-7

Elwin Hofman

{"title":"Experimental Interrogations: Tatbestandsdiagnostik, Objectivity, and the Impact of Experimental Psychology on Early-Twentieth-Century Criminal Justice.","authors":"Elwin Hofman","doi":"10.1007/s00048-025-00431-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00048-025-00431-7","url":null,"abstract":"In 1904, Max Wertheimer and Julius Klein published a paper that shook the worlds of criminal justice and psychology. They proposed using psychological experiments, particularly word association tests, to assess whether criminal suspects had committed a particular crime. Over the following months and years, almost every German-language journal on psychology or criminal law, as well as many foreign-language journals, published something on this so-called Tatbestandsdiagnostik. Some hailed it as the \"criminal investigation of the future.\" However, Tatbestandsdiagnostik's downfall was as swift as its rise to fame. By the advent of World War I, most psychologists and jurists had concluded that the association method was of no use in legal and police practice. This article traces the history of Tatbestandsdiagnostik as a case of how new forms of psychological knowledge circulated, were evaluated, and made an impact. It argues that proponents' insistence on the method's objectivity, its ambiguous relationship with psychoanalysis, and the possibility of demonstrating it to students and colleagues facilitated both its rapid rise and its demise.","PeriodicalId":43143,"journal":{"name":"NTM","volume":" ","pages":"427-455"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12669281/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145309719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Anthropology from the Margins: The Craniological Network of Carl Gustav Carus. 来自边缘的人类学：卡尔·古斯塔夫·卡洛斯的颅骨网络。

IF 0.5 4区哲学

NTM Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-14 DOI: 10.1007/s00048-025-00423-7

Stephan Strunz

{"title":"Anthropology from the Margins: The Craniological Network of Carl Gustav Carus.","authors":"Stephan Strunz","doi":"10.1007/s00048-025-00423-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00048-025-00423-7","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the role of Carl Gustav Carus within the emerging field of physical anthropology during the mid-nineteenth century. Despite his extensive connections with contemporary anthropologists, Carus's craniological approach was increasingly marginalized, ultimately excluding him from the foundational phase of German anthropology. Reconstructing Carus's craniological network from largely unpublished correspondence, this study presents four key aspects. First, it traces the scholar's research in craniology, situating it within Goethe's and Oken's morphological vertebrae theory. Second, it outlines the typology and transnational scope of his craniological network. Third, the paper explores Carus's complex relationship with anthropology, highlighting the tension between his physiognomic methods and the evolving anatomic standards of his time. Lastly, the analysis highlights his aristocratic approach to anthropology, characterized by selective access to his cranial collection and an emphasis on the European \"genius\" as the pinnacle of human development. Ultimately, although well-connected among his peers, Carus was marginalized as physical anthropology shifted toward more empirical, metrical-morphological methodologies.","PeriodicalId":43143,"journal":{"name":"NTM","volume":" ","pages":"285-313"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12518453/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144856650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Creating Chernobyl. : Technocratic Culture and Everyday Life in Nuclear Ukraine, 1970-1982. 创建切尔诺贝利。：技术官僚文化和日常生活在核乌克兰，1970-1982。

IF 0.5 4区哲学

NTM Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-31 DOI: 10.1007/s00048-025-00424-6

Achim Klüppelberg

{"title":"Creating Chernobyl. : Technocratic Culture and Everyday Life in Nuclear Ukraine, 1970-1982.","authors":"Achim Klüppelberg","doi":"10.1007/s00048-025-00424-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00048-025-00424-6","url":null,"abstract":"Starting in 1970, this article studies how Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant was built. It follows the station's operational history until 1982. During that year, reactor block one suffered a torn reactor channel, four years prior to the well-known catastrophe of 1986. It uncovers the genesis of these accidents by analyzing everyday history at the construction site. Construction relied on long established tools and processes, tried out at large-scale and mostly non-nuclear development areas. Masons, carpenters, and welders dealt with planned quotas and deadlines, material and personnel shortages, as well as a lack of quality management. The tools they used to build this nuclear giant were rather a shock of the old (Edgerton) than futuristic.It uncovers circumstances, non-alignments, and decisions that amounted to a working environment characterized by a technocratic culture. This culture overemphasized the fulfillment of plans and quotas to the detriment of safety as should have been warranted by the nature of a nuclear reactor as specified in plans and regulations. By following the plant's construction in its everyday struggles, this article shows characteristics of the working culture that evolved on-site and led to the accident of 1982. This innovative approach aids understanding of why and how the catastrophe of 1986 came about-beyond the two standard reasons established in the literature, namely a faulty reactor design and mistakes made by the operators.","PeriodicalId":43143,"journal":{"name":"NTM","volume":" ","pages":"253-283"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144761719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Anne E. Austin 2024. Healthmaking in Ancient Egypt, The Social Determinants of Health at Deir el-Medina (Culture and History of the Ancient Near East Nr. 138) und Peter Dils, Hans-Werner Fischer Elfert, Ingelore Hafemann und Sebastian Richter (Hg.) 2021. Wissenschaft und Wissenschaftler im Alten Ägypten, Gedenkschrift für Walter Friedrich Reineke (Zeitschrift für ägyptische Sprache und Altertumskunde Beihefte Bd. 9). 安妮·e·奥斯汀，2017年。古埃及的保健，代尔麦地那健康的社会决定因素（古近东文化和历史第138号）和彼得·迪尔斯、汉斯-维尔纳·菲舍尔·埃尔弗特、英格洛尔·哈夫曼和塞巴斯蒂安·里克特（编）2021。Wissenschaft und Wissenschaftler im Alten Agypten，纪念Walter Friedrich Reineke （Zeitschrift fur agyptische Sprache und Altertumskunde Beihefte Bd. 9）。

IF 0.5 4区哲学

NTM Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-11 DOI: 10.1007/s00048-025-00421-9

Stefan Bojowald

引用次数: 0

[The Power of Psychiatry: Reflexions on historical research and relevance]. [精神病学的力量：对历史研究和相关性的反思]。

IF 0.5 4区哲学

NTM Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-19 DOI: 10.1007/s00048-025-00427-3

Paulina S Gennermann

引用次数: 0

[Childhood, Body, Control: Medical-Historical Approaches to the Child and Its Relations of Care]. [童年，身体，控制：儿童的医学-历史方法及其护理关系]。

IF 0.5 4区哲学

NTM Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-20 DOI: 10.1007/s00048-025-00428-2

Christoph Schwamm, Natalie Rath

引用次数: 0

"Reality Made Calibratable": Walther Moede's Bimanual Tester, Labor Efficiency, and Psychotechnical "Objectivity" in the Weimar Republic. “可校准的现实”：魏玛共和国瓦尔特·莫德的双手测试、劳动效率和心理技术的“客观性”。

IF 0.5 4区哲学

NTM Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-20 DOI: 10.1007/s00048-025-00425-5

Agnes Bauer

{"title":"\"Reality Made Calibratable\": Walther Moede's Bimanual Tester, Labor Efficiency, and Psychotechnical \"Objectivity\" in the Weimar Republic.","authors":"Agnes Bauer","doi":"10.1007/s00048-025-00425-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00048-025-00425-5","url":null,"abstract":"This article analyzes how industrial psychologists used mechanical devices to study the efficiency of human labor. One major proponent of this research field, commonly known as \"Psychotechnik,\" was Walther Moede. He invented a so-called bimanual tester-\"Zweihandprüfer\"-that enabled him to quantify the subjects' performance in aptitude tests, and then translate these findings into forecasts of future efficiency and productivity. Industrial psychologists interpreted their results as seemingly objective and unbiased indicators of the subjects' skills which made it possible to allocate workers, employees, and apprentices to their appropriate position within companies. This article, in contrast, argues that the classification of workers and employees was to a certain degree based on the examiners' qualitative value judgements. Drawing on printed sources such as psychotechnical journals and textbooks as well as experiments of their own with a bimanual tester, the author is able to show how industrial psychologists interpreted, evaluated, and categorized the participants' aptitude test results. Psychotechnicians claimed scientific authority and, hence, the power to classify individuals as \"failures\" or \"gifted.\" While industrial psychologists argue that they were able to rationalize the distribution of work in the 1920s, this article reveals the leeway there is for interpretation when translating allegedly \"objective\" test results.","PeriodicalId":43143,"journal":{"name":"NTM","volume":" ","pages":"315-342"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12518496/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144973315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mel Y. Chen 2023: Intoxicated. Race, Disability, and Chemical Intimacy. Durham: Duke University Press (Anima: Critical Race Studies Otherwise) and Sunaura Taylor 2024: Disabled Ecologies: Lessons from a Wounded Desert. Berkeley: University of California Press. Mel Y. Chen 2023：醉酒。种族、残疾和化学亲密关系。达勒姆：杜克大学出版社（Anima：关键种族研究）和Sunaura Taylor 2024：残疾生态：从受伤的沙漠中吸取教训。伯克利：加州大学出版社。

IF 0.5 4区哲学

NTM Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-11 DOI: 10.1007/s00048-025-00426-4

Robert Stock

引用次数: 0

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