NTM最新文献

{"title":"Adapting to Modernity. River Engineering and Emotional Engineering in 1950s Sweden.","authors":"Fabian Zimmer","doi":"10.1007/s00048-026-00443-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00048-026-00443-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the mid-1950s, Vattenfall, the Swedish State Power Board, faced a severe acceptance crisis. In the postwar years, Vattenfall had become one of the main drivers of Sweden's technological modernization through electrification and the exploitation of hydropower resources in Northern Sweden. Yet, this postwar hydro boom faced increasingly powerful protests from both civil society and local communities, putting Vattenfall's construction plans at stake and spurring an intense public relations campaign. This paper examines Vattenfall's PR materials, and especially the large body of films produced in the context of this acceptance crisis. The first half of the paper offers a close reading of these materials, demonstrating how Vattenfall addressed conflicts around hydropower exploitation as a matter of individual \"adaptation\" to modernity. With this framing, Vattenfall drew upon a much broader adaptation discourse, analyzed in the second half of the paper. This discourse shaped public and political debates about technological and social modernization in postwar Sweden and corresponded with the social engineering ideals of the \"people's home\" (folkhemmet) and Sweden's welfare state. Social scientists, politicians, managers, trade unionists, and others developed the idea that the challenges of modernization should be met by the adaptation of people's individual behaviors and emotions to their rapidly changing social and technological environments. Arguing for a history of emotions approach in the study of histories of \"technology acceptance,\" this paper thus demonstrates how river engineering in postwar Sweden relied on emotional engineering techniques through PR: framing social conflicts over hydropower as individual adaptation processes facilitated the depoliticization of technological choice.</p>","PeriodicalId":43143,"journal":{"name":"NTM","volume":" ","pages":"109-137"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13249738/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147436309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[The Mortuary Registers at the Viennese Anatomical Institute (1924-1959): a Historical Find and Its Value as a Source Exemplified by Nine Executed Individuals During the Second Republic].","authors":"Leo Schaukal, Sophia Bauer","doi":"10.1007/s00048-026-00440-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00048-026-00440-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the past, historical research concerning the body supply of the Viennese Anatomical Institute during the inter-war period, the Second World War and the early years of the Second Austrian Republic was largely hampered by the fact that the so called \"Leichenbücher\" or \"Leicheneingangsbücher\" (documenting every single body, body part, etc. the institute received) of the Anatomical Institute had been deemed lost. A recent find at the Department of Anatomy in Vienna has now provided us with this long missing source material reaching with a short interruption from 1924 all the way into the first decades of the Second Republic.While this gap in source material has presented itself as an in some cases insurmountable issue for researchers, for example regarding the NS-era and the Pernkopf-Atlas during the late 1990ies, this find now provides ample opportunity for inquiries both for this time frame and beyond. This contribution shows the value the newly rediscovered books hold as source material based on a short study regarding the bodies of the nine individuals whose bodies were transferred to the Viennese Anatomical Institute after their execution during the Second Republic between 1945 and 1950. This example illustrates that this find will enable new research in the form of single case studies, serial inquiries and statistical analysis alike which without this discovery would remain impossible.</p>","PeriodicalId":43143,"journal":{"name":"NTM","volume":" ","pages":"33-53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13031191/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146086969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Persistent Uncertainty: Transforming Sex and Making Gender in Twentieth-Century Clinical Encounters.","authors":"Jonah I Garde","doi":"10.1007/s00048-025-00437-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00048-025-00437-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43143,"journal":{"name":"NTM","volume":" ","pages":"55-68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145524642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ann Shteir (Hg.) 2022. Flora’s Fieldworkers. Women and Botany in Nineteenth-Century Canada. Tobias Delfs 2024. Koloniale Naturforschung und Südasien. Die Beteiligung deutscher Botaniker an der imperialen Wissensproduktion in der ersten Hälfte des 19. Jahrhunderts.","authors":"Anne Sophie Overkamp","doi":"10.1007/s00048-025-00429-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00048-025-00429-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43143,"journal":{"name":"NTM","volume":" ","pages":"83-88"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145233608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Matteo Pasquinelli 2004. The Eye of the Master und Anna Tuschling, Adreas Sudman und Bernhard Dotzler (Hg.) 2023. ChatCPT und andere „Quatschmaschinen“. Pasquinelli, Matteo 2023. The Eye of the Master. A Social History of Artificial Intelligence. London: Verso, brosch., 264 S., 21,00 €, ISBN: 978-178873-006-8. : Tuschling, Anna, Andreas Sudmann und Bernhard Dotzler (Hg.) 2023. ChatGPT und andere „Quatschmaschinen“. Gespräche mit Künstlicher Intelligenz. Bielefeld: transcript, brosch., 288 S., 29,00 €, ISBN: 978-3-8376-6908-4.","authors":"Andreas Weich","doi":"10.1007/s00048-025-00435-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00048-025-00435-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43143,"journal":{"name":"NTM","volume":" ","pages":"89-93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145446113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[\"If Hormones Make the Man, What Makes the Woman?\" : The Beginnings of Endocrinological Sex Development Research 1900-1950].","authors":"Xenia Steinbach","doi":"10.1007/s00048-026-00439-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00048-026-00439-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>While the genetically and hormonally controlled prenatal development of male genital organs has been described in increasing detail since the beginning of the 20th century, and several genes involved in ovarian development have now been identified, the hormonal factors involved in female genital differentiation remain largely unexplored to the present day. The physiological model that continues to prevail today follows a binary logic of the presence and absence of hormonal and genetic factors: masculinity appears as the result of active biological processes, while femininity appears as their absence and passive \"default pathway\". Historically, this model can be traced back primarily to the animal experiments conducted by the French embryologist and endocrinologist Alfred Jost in the 1940s. Feminist criticism of science, some of which comes from the life sciences themselves, has for several decades been problematising the continuing dichotomy of activity and passivity as a reproduction of traditional cultural assumptions about gender, as well as the desideratum of researching prenatal female sex differentiation, which in their view requires explanation. This article takes up this longstanding critique and expands on it with a historical analysis of the material and technical conditions of early embryonic sex development research in the first half of the 20th century. Based on four central experimental systems-(1) the anatomical and morphological studies of Pol Bouin and Paul Ancel around 1900, (2) research on Freemartinism in the 1910s, (3) Eugen Steinach's sex reversal experiments in the 1910s, and (4) Vera Dantschakoff's embryological sex hormone research in the 1930s-it is shown how the binary, masculinity-focused model of embryonic sex development was already taking shape before the 1940s under the influence of specific material and technical research conditions of the early endocrinological experimental systems. The aim is to highlight the role of these material and technical conditions, and in particular of hormones as epistemic, technical and sometimes rebellious things within these systems, and to discuss possible path dependencies up to current experimental configurations in sex development research.</p>","PeriodicalId":43143,"journal":{"name":"NTM","volume":"34 1","pages":"1-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13031249/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147521868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[History of Nursing and Care as a Research Theme].","authors":"Pierre Pfütsch","doi":"10.1007/s00048-026-00441-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00048-026-00441-z","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43143,"journal":{"name":"NTM","volume":" ","pages":"69-82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147356938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Politics of Interdictive Jurisprudence: Interrogative Practices and Psychological Evaluations (Gemütszustandsuntersuchungen) in the Adjudication of Civil Interdiction Cases before Berlin's District Courts (1877-1914).","authors":"Eric J Engstrom","doi":"10.1007/s00048-025-00430-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00048-025-00430-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The article investigates the psychological evaluations (so-called Gemütszustandsuntersuchungen) that were used in legal interdiction proceedings at Berlin's district courts in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The evaluations were undertaken in order to help judges decide whether or not individuals-usually, but not always feeble-minded or mentally ill ones-should be placed under legal guardianship. The following themes are addressed: the evolving procedural statutes that governed the exercise of judicial discretion and the presentation of scientific evidence; the collaborative interaction of judges and forensic experts during the interrogations; the instability of written transcripts and recourse to bodily and behavioral attributes in the face of interrogative failure; and the heated political exchanges about the psy-disciplines and their role in the abrogation or abridgment of citizens' rights in Wilhelmine Berlin. The article will first survey the specific statutory context that framed guardianship cases in Berlin's district court (Amtsgericht). It will then summarize contemporary debates about reforms to procedural law and the administrative adjudication of those cases. Against this backdrop, the analysis will then turn to an examination of court transcripts of the interrogations in order to assess the practice and often contested standing of psy-experts in the courtrooms of Wilhelmine Berlin.</p>","PeriodicalId":43143,"journal":{"name":"NTM","volume":" ","pages":"397-426"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12669287/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145349139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Confessing in the GDR. The Psychology of Interrogation under Socialist Rule, 1961-1989.","authors":"Martin Wieser","doi":"10.1007/s00048-025-00433-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00048-025-00433-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article provides a historical analysis of the institutional, legal, and psychological foundations of the study of interrogation in the post-Stalinist GDR. Drawing on archival and published documents, the development of the Criminological Section and Forensic Psychology at Humboldt University from the 1960s to the early 1990s is reconstructed. After giving an overview of the institutional context and the main actors in this field, the analysis highlights the relevance of psychological knowledge from the perspective of GDR criminologists. These aspects include the preparation phase, the initial contact with the defendant, the continuous dissection of statements during the interrogation, and the overarching goal of gaining a complete picture of the suspect's personality. It is argued that the defining feature of interrogation practice in the GDR was not so much the technical details as the overarching aim of \"educating\" the suspect, who was to be persuaded by the interrogator not only to confess to the crime, but also to show remorse and find his way back into socialism.</p>","PeriodicalId":43143,"journal":{"name":"NTM","volume":" ","pages":"457-485"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12669285/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145394119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sandra Janßen und Thomas Alkemeyer (Hg.) 2021. Selbstsein als Sich-Wissen? Zur Bedeutung der Wissensgeschichte für die Historisierbarkeit des Subjekts. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck (Historische Wissensforschung, Bd. 15) und David Keller 2022. Person und Form. Eine Medien- und Wissensgeschichte der Persönlichkeitsdiagnostik. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck (Historische Wissensforschung, Bd. 16) : Janßen, Sandra und Thomas Alkemeyer (Hg.) 2021. Selbstsein als Sich-Wissen? Zur Bedeutung der Wissensgeschichte für die Historisierbarkeit des Subjekts (= Historische Wissensforschung, Band 15). Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, geb., 274 S., 29,00 €, ISBN: 978-3-16-159033‑7. Keller, David 2022. Person und Form. Eine Medien- und Wissensgeschichte der Persönlichkeitsdiagnostik (= Historische Wissensforschung, Band 16). Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, geb., 493 S., 41 Abb., 29,00 €. ISBN: 978-3-16-161063‑9.","authors":"Christoph T Burmeister","doi":"10.1007/s00048-025-00438-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00048-025-00438-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43143,"journal":{"name":"NTM","volume":" ","pages":"517-522"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145507408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}