International Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Decade of permanent cardiac pacing in a tertiary care hospital of Northern India","authors":"N. Lone, B. Naiku, Khalid Mohi u Din","doi":"10.5897/IJMMS2016.1215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/IJMMS2016.1215","url":null,"abstract":"This study of 10 year review of pacing was undertaken to analyse the continuous rise in the incidence of pacing in this part of country. 532 patients implanted with permanent pacemakers were evaluated during this decade. The age of patients ranged from 6 to 85 years with majority of patients belonging to age group of 55 to 70 years and a male to female ratio of 2:1. The commonest presenting  symptom was cardiac syncope seen in  76.50% followed by pre-syncope  31.50% .The indications for pacemaker implantation were complete heart block  48.12%, sick sinus syndrome 19.17%, symptomatic bifascicular block 12.96%, Mobitz type II 2nd degree heart block 7.14%, permanent pacemaker dysfunction 5.85%, trifascicular block 5.63% and  high degree AV block 1.13%. The commonest risk factors encountered in these patients were smoking 59.21%, followed by hypertension 26.32%, only 0.56% had no evidence of risk factor. The complications following pacemaker implantation were seen in 8.27%, 2.26% got lead displacement, 1.69% got wound infection, 1.69% got extrusion of generator. Other complications include lead fracture in 0.9%, premature battery failure 0.37% patients, high threshold in 0.19%, Pneumothorax in 0.19% and 0.5% got reimplantation because of generator expiry. Out of 532 patients paced permanently in the past decade, 458 patients followed regularly which revealed that majority of them were totally dependent upon the permanent pacemaker and had improved quality of Life. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Invasive electrocardiography study, Complete heart block","PeriodicalId":430999,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128783211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of antiretroviral treatment failure and associated factors in HIV infected children on antiretroviral therapy at Gondar University Hospital, retrospective cohort study","authors":"Abiyie Zeleke","doi":"10.5897/IJMMS2015.1164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/IJMMS2015.1164","url":null,"abstract":"As the use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) increases, the issue of drug resistance and subsequent anti-retroviral treatment (ART) failure appears as a challenge. The study aim to assess prevalence of ART treatment failure and associated factors amongst children on ART at Gondar University Hospital, North WEST Ethiopia, 2014. A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted on children taking ART at Gondar University Hospital by using a systematic random sampling technique to include 225 under 15 Children on ART who took the drugs for at least six months. Data was collected from the patients’ medical records and analyzed by SPSS version 16.0. Binary logistic regression with multivariate analysis was used. Data from 225 children was analyzed, where the mean age was 10.8 years. The majority of children (77.4%) were in advanced clinical stage before initiation of HAART. About 60% of children were started with regimen of AZT-3TC-NVP. The original first line regimen was substituted in 44.9% of patients. About 101 patients who took ART for a mean of 60.3 months had poor adherence. There were 41 patients (18.2%) who had evidence of first line ART treatment failure of which the most common type is both clinical and immunological. Out of all children with first line ART treatment failure, only 14 patients (34%) were detected and started on second line regimens. ARV prophylaxis for PMTCT (p=0.041), advanced clinical stage 3(p=0.046) and stage 4(p=0.035), base line CD4 less than 200 cells or 10% (p<0.001), tuberculosis co-infection (p=0.045), substitution of original regimen (p=0.001), poor adherence during follow up (p= 0.002) and duration of ART above 60 months (p=0.033) were independent risk factors for ART treatment failure. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: HIV/AIDS, clinical and immunological treatment failure, risk factors, Ethiopia.","PeriodicalId":430999,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122297152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and risk of atrial fibrillation","authors":"R. Al-Shehristani","doi":"10.5897/IJMMS2016.1261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/IJMMS2016.1261","url":null,"abstract":"Atrial fibrillation is a common cardiac arrhythmia that has many risk factors including some medications; however, the effect of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and its risk is not well assessed. This study was conducted to find out if there is an association between the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and risk of atrial fibrillation. The study was conducted at Al-Hussein Medical City Hospital in Karbala-Iraq as a retrospective case-control study between September 2014 and March 2015; including 90 patients with atrial fibrillation and 90 control subjects who were age and sex matched, and based on risk-set sampling. Current use of NSAID was started within one month and chronic use for more than one month was recorded. The current use of NSAIDs by patients with atrial fibrillation was found in 43 patients out of 90 (47.7%) of which new users were 29 (32.2%) and chronic users were 14 (15.5%), while it was found in 27 out of 90 (30%) of the control subjects who were current users of NSAIDs. That difference was statistically significant (p-value was 0.015), the odds ratio (OR) was 2.135 and 95% confidence intervals (CI) was 1.16-3.94. This study suggests that the current use of NSAIDs might be associated with increased risk of incidence of atrial fibrillation. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, atrial fibrillation.","PeriodicalId":430999,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117296867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of psychoactive substance use among registered commercial motorcycle operators in Kano, North Western Nigeria: A community study","authors":"M. Gudaji, Z. Habib","doi":"10.5897/IJMMS2015.1207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/IJMMS2015.1207","url":null,"abstract":"The present study was carried out in the most populated city in Northern Nigeria that is believed to have the highest number of commercial motorcyclists and highest prevalence of psychoactive substance use in the country. Research on psychoactive substance use among motorcycle operators in Northern Nigeria is limited, despite the high level of morbidity these substances cause to them. This study aimed to study the prevalence of psychoactive substance use among motorcycle operators in Kano, North western Nigeria. The study was cross-sectional descriptive. Participants for the study were commercial motorcyclists registered with the local branch of Amalgamated Commercial Motorcycle Owner’s and Riders Association of Nigeria (ACOMORAN). Assessment was carried out with the use of socio-demographic questionnaire and World Health Organization Student Drug Use Questionnaire (SDUQ). Data obtained was analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), 17th edition. Three hundred and ninety four (394) subjects participated in the study. The results showed that the prevalence of overall psychoactive substance use was 19.3%. The prevalence of tobacco, stimulant (gadagi), and cannabis use were 19.3, 11.9 and 3.8% respectively, while the prevalence of inhalants and opiates use were 2.0 and 1.3%, respectively. There were no reported use of alcohol, benzodiazepines and cocaine. All the subjects were males, Moslems, within the age range of 22 and 60 years mean of 32.7 ± 6.6 years. They were mostly married (88.6%), and more than two third of them (70.1%) were from Kano. The study has highlighted the prevalence of substance use among commercial motorcyclists. It has important implication for policy makers to initiate primary preventive measures that could be focused towards the reduction of substance use among commercial motorcyclists in the community. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Motorcycle operators, psychoactive substance, Northwestern Nigeria, Student Drug Use Questionnaire (SDUQ).","PeriodicalId":430999,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114719006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Up scaling mental health and psychosocial services in a disaster context: Lessons learnt from the Philippine Region hardest hit by typhoon Haiyan","authors":"B. Budosan, K. O'Hanlon, J. Mahoney, Sabah Aziz, R. Kesavan, Kathryn Beluso","doi":"10.5897/IJMMS2016.1263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/IJMMS2016.1263","url":null,"abstract":"In the aftermath of typhoon Haiyan which struck Philippines in 2013, the World Health Organization Philippines in collaboration with the Philippine government acted to improve access to mental healthcare in affected regions. Eastern Visayas with population 4, 3 million had merely four psychiatrists and seven generalists providing mental health care. It was selected as a model region for integration of mental health care into primary and secondary care. This study was carried out to evaluate the intervention’s success in strengthening mental health services in Eastern Visayas with particular regard to availability, accessibility and affordability of these services. Between June 2014 and March 2015, 1038 community workers were trained in psychosocial care and support and 290 non-specialized healthcare providers received training on assessment and management of mental health conditions including on-the-job supervision. By the end of the March 2015, 155 of 159 or 97.5% of primary healthcare units, 21 of 24 District Hospitals (87, 5%) and all eight provincial hospitals had a doctor and a nurse trained in assessment and management of mental health conditions. The supervised sessions in each locale benefited 50 to 200 patients per location. Regional Medical Centre added a 10 bed inpatient unit for the mentally ill. All provincial hospitals developed the capacity to admit 2 to 4 patients for acute psychiatric care and additional capacity was established in at least 6 district hospitals. In addition, services were enhanced to include access to and use of psychotropic medicines, cross-sectoral collaboration and a clinical referral pathway from the community to the tertiary level. This study demonstrates the feasibility of an intervention in a resource poor context, post-disaster, to improve access to mental healthcare care services over a relatively short period of time. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Mental health; Philippines, typhoon Haiyan (Yolanda), WHO, Eastern Visayas.","PeriodicalId":430999,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133707586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quality of life and prevalence of depressive symptoms among patients on prolonged indwelling urinary catheters: A study from South west, Nigeria","authors":"O. Abiola, Olorunfemi Ogunwobi, O. T. Williams-Abiola, S. Ayeni, Segun Oladele Adeniyi","doi":"10.5897/IJMMS2016.1241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/IJMMS2016.1241","url":null,"abstract":"Urinary catheters are used to relieve urinary retention. Its prolonged use has been associated with poor quality of life (QoL) and psychosocial distress among patients. We sought to evaluate the QoL and prevalence of depressive symptoms among patients on prolonged indwelling urinary catheters. A cross- sectional study of patients with indwelling urinary catheters at an outpatient urology clinic of a tertiary hospital in South west, Nigeria. One hundred and fifty-six patients completed a structured questionnaire. QoL was assessed with adapted quality of life assessment index question of International prostate symptoms score. Patients were screened for depressive symptoms using Patient Health Questionnaire 9(PHQ-9). Bi-variate analysis of QoL with route of urinary catheterization and type of bladder drainage; and correlation of duration of catheterization, QoL and PHQ-9 scores were done using chi- square and Spearman Rank’s correlation respectively with p value at 0.05. All patients were males with urinary retention as the major indication for urinary catheterization. Average duration of catheterization was 21 months. Poor QoL reported in majority of the patients, worse in younger age group and patients on urethral catheters. The prevalence rate of depressive symptoms was 46.1%. A weak negative correlation exists between duration of catheterization and QoL scores; and between duration of catheterization and depressive symptoms; however, strong correlation existed between QoL scores and depressive symptoms. Prolonged indwelling urinary catheter was related with poor QoL worsened in younger age group and those on urethral catheters with a high prevalence rate of depressive symptoms which correlated with the QoL. \u0000 \u0000 Key words:  Urinary catheterization, quality of life, depressive symptoms, Nigeria.","PeriodicalId":430999,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126647587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reproductive function in premenopausal African Blacks with metabolic syndrome: Associations among inhibin B, adipokines, pituitary and sex hormones and sex hormone binding globulin","authors":"O. Famuyiwa, D. Bitrus, M. Charles-Davies, U. A. Fabian, A. Fasanmade, J. Olaniyi, O. E. Oyewole, M. Owolabi, J. R. Adebusuyi, O. Hassan, B. M. Ajobo, M. Ebesunun, K. Adigun, K. Akinlade, S. Okoli, O. Arinola, E. Agbedana","doi":"10.5897/IJMMS2016.1243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/IJMMS2016.1243","url":null,"abstract":"Reproductive dysfunction is associated with metabolic syndrome. Since fertility is highly valued in Africa, preliminary data on the association of metabolic syndrome with indices of reproductive function in premenopausal Nigerian women was provided. Sixty six premenopausal participants (44 with metabolic syndrome and 22 controls) aged 18-45 years were purposely selected for this study. Reproductive history, blood pressure and waist circumference were obtained by standard methods. Fasting blood was obtained for pituitary hormones, adipokines, sex hormone and sex hormone binding globulin, and inhibin B assays by EIA, ELISA and electro-chemiluminiscence. Plasma glucose, triglycerides and high density lipoprotein cholesterol were estimated by enzymatic methods. Free androgen index and oestrogen-testosterone ratio were calculated. Data obtained were statistically significant at P 0.05). Leptin levels were higher while adiponectin levels were lower in MS group than controls (P<0.05). Reproductive function appears sustained in MS. However, altered adipokines may relate to MS. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Fertility, leptin, adiponectin, cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus.","PeriodicalId":430999,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences","volume":"95 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132223045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cochlear implanted deaf children with additional disabilities: The mothers perspective","authors":"Zerrin Turan","doi":"10.5897/IJMMS2016.1240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/IJMMS2016.1240","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this qualitative study was to evaluate the perspective of mothers, whose children, in addition to being deaf and having cochlear implants, also have additional disabilities. Five mothers participated in this study and semi-structured interviews, together with the children’s clinical files were used to gather data and inductive analysis was used to establish themes. The results indicated that mothers were positive about the assessment and diagnostic procedures, as well as the outcomes of having cochlear implants. They reported differing expectations relating to their child’s development; however, they also voiced concerns about their children’s education and highlighted the need for more intensive rehabilitative support. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Cochlear implants, deafness, profound hearing loss, additional disabilities, mothers.","PeriodicalId":430999,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences","volume":"685 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122875460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of hypertension and associated risk factor among interstate commercial drivers in Jabi Park Abuja","authors":"S. Olusegun, Oyeneye Ajayi Ikeoluwapo","doi":"10.5897/IJMMS2016.1234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/IJMMS2016.1234","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":430999,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131610430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of nurses perception of the use of job enrichment as motivator by the nurse manager at Enugu State University Teaching Hospital, Parklane","authors":"P. Ezenduka, A. Nwaneri, E. Ndie, C. Ude","doi":"10.5897/IJMMS2016.1235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/IJMMS2016.1235","url":null,"abstract":"The study aimed at examining nurses’ perception of their unit managers use of job enrichment strategy as a motivator to their subordinates in Enugu State University of Science and Technology Hospital. Descriptive survey research designed was adopted for the study. 235 nurses who were on duty when the research was conducted were used. Data was collected using the researchers’ developed questionnaire with a reliability of 0.716. The findings shows that nurses perceived that their managers do not use job enrichment as a motivator to their subordinates (Mean 3±0.9, P. value = 0.000). It was recommended that hospital should embark on training of nurses to improve their knowledge on the use of job enrichment strategy to enhance the productivity of staff working under them. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Nurses’ perception, job enrichment, motivator, nurse managers.","PeriodicalId":430999,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124934546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}