International Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Pattern of renal impairment among hypertensive subjects in Umuahia, South East, Nigeria","authors":"C. NwachukwuDaniel, U. Agu, N. Nwachukwu","doi":"10.5897/IJMMS2016.1229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/IJMMS2016.1229","url":null,"abstract":"Hypertension is a cause and consequence of chronic kidney disease (CKD). The present study investigated the patterns of renal impairment among hypertensive subjects in Umuahia, South East, Nigeria.  A cross-sectional study involving 262 subjects comprising equal number of hypertensive and non-hypertensive was used. Questionnaires were administered; medical, socio-demographic and anthropometric profiles were obtained. Blood samples were taken for creatinine determination and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was estimated using the modification of diet in renal disease (MDRD) equation. The GFR in hypertensive group was 87.4±30.2 ml/min/1.73 m2 compared to 99.9 ±32.3 ml/min/1.73 m2 in the non-hypertensive. In the hypertensive group, 30.5, 29.0 and 0.8% had mild, moderate and severe renal impairment respectively whereas in the non-hypertensive group, the values were 28.2, 14.5 and 0.8% respectively.  The prevalence of CKD in hypertensive subjects was 29.8% while that in the non-hypertensive was 15.3%.  55.6% of male hypertensive subjects had mild to moderate renal impairment compared to 23.5% in the non-hypertensive group; the difference between hypertensive and non-hypertensive in females was not statistically significant. More females had CKD than their male counterparts. Hypertension might have increased incidence of renal impairment and prevalence of CKD in Nigeria. This underscores the need for screening for CKD in the general population. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Essential hypertension, glomerular filtration rate, chronic kidney disease.","PeriodicalId":430999,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116268695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Professionalism: An attempt to measure definition and understanding","authors":"G. Zafiropoulos","doi":"10.5897/IJMMS2015.1214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/IJMMS2015.1214","url":null,"abstract":"Professionalism is under scrutiny in all service-providing professions. Healthcare is one of them. There are rules and regulations mentioned from professional bodies that place the foundations of the definition of professionalism which have to be followed. A prospective study was conducted in a District General Hospital, with the aim to establish if professionalism was clearly defined. A questionnaire with open questions was given to 242 individuals from different disciplines including healthcare workers, students and members of the public. Their answers were grouped and then categorised using the points that the General Medical Council (GMC) uses to characterise professionals. The participants were divided in different groups according to their discipline and their grade of seniority and the findings were then analysed. The majority of the answers support that Teamwork is one of the fundamental criteria that constitute professionalism. On the other hand, Health, meaning the wellbeing of the health worker, had the lower preference between the participants’ answers. Senior clinicians’ group scored high and in general the Clinical group performed better than the Non-Clinical one. Students were divided into two sub-groups (Group A and Group B), according to their discipline. Group A performed at a similar level to Junior Clinical group. Group B achieved lower scores in certain categories such as Audit and Evaluation of Practice. In conclusion, all groups demonstrated a good understanding of the definition and factors that influence professionalism. Findings supports that an educational programme with an emphasis on the significance of all criteria the GMC mentions, will give a better outcome in future studies and this will help the community that the healthcare workers serve.  In addition, educational programmes for the wider community would improve the relationship between healthcare workers and the public. A future study to include larger numbers of public members will better define their understanding about professionalism. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Professionalism, healthcare, education.","PeriodicalId":430999,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences","volume":"10 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130177409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of the quality of mobile voluntary counseling and testing services in Addis Ababa and Adama organization for social services for AIDS (OSSA) branches, Ethiopia","authors":"Tigist Tamirayehu, T. Tadesse, Zelalem Kebede","doi":"10.5897/IJMMS2015.1171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/IJMMS2015.1171","url":null,"abstract":"Mobile or outreach type of voluntary counseling and testing approach is a useful way to reach high risk groups and rural population that are far away from facility based voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) service. Little has been done to assess the quality of mobile VCT services in Ethiopia. This study aims to assess the quality of mobile VCT services and client satisfaction in the cities of Addis Ababa and Adama. This study used both qualitative and quantitative study designs. Structured questionnaire was administered to 279 client respondents. The qualitative data was analyzed by thematic areas, and the quantitative data was analyzed and interpreted by using statistical packages for social sciences (SPSS) package of version 13.0. Overall service satisfaction of the clients was very high in this study. The competence of the counselors was good. Short duration of counseling time, inconvenience of counseling rooms, high number of clients seen by the counselors amongst other factors were findings from the qualitative study that can affect the quality of the mobile VCT services.  To improve the promotional activities, the referral linkages and the feedback problem, there should be work integration with government health institutions, non-governmental organization (NGOs) and kebele (the smallest administrative unit) HIV focal persons. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Quality, satisfaction, quality of VCT counselors, providers, client, quality of VCT site,","PeriodicalId":430999,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124680468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Persistent proteinuria among sickle cell anaemia children in steady state in Ilorin, Nigeria","authors":"E. Anigilaje, O. Adedoyin","doi":"10.5897/IJMMS2015.1206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/IJMMS2015.1206","url":null,"abstract":"Sickle cell disease (SCD), the commonest single gene disorder amongst Nigerian children, may present as sickle cell nephropathy (SCN). SCN is detectable by persistent proteinuria, a “nephrotoxin” that contributes to progression of SCN to end stage renal disease. Unfortunately, screening for persistent proteinuria is an uncommon practice among Nigerian children with SCD, even when reduction of proteinuria is a proven renoprotective therapy. Dipstick urinalysis was done to detect persistent proteinuria (proteinuria of trace and above, on first contact and a month on follow-up in the same subject) among consecutive steady state sickle cell anaemia (haemoglobin SS confirmed using cellulose acetate paper electrophoresis) children attending sickle cell clinic at the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital between October, 2004 and July, 2005. Subjects with persistent proteinuria were also assessed for estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) using the method described by Schwartz et al. A total of 75 children aged between 1 to 17 years, comprising 35 males and 40 females, were studie. Proteinuria was found in 6 (8%) subjects (5 males, 1 female) and in 5 (6.7%) subjects (3 males, 2 females) on first contact and one month on follow-up, respectively. Persistent proteinuria was only seen in 3 (4%) male subjects (older than 10 years age) whose eGFR was not impaired. Although proteinuria occurred more commonly among male subjects than females on first contact and at follow-up, this observation was not statistically significant (p = 0.175 at first contact, p = 0.224 at follow-up). Proteinuria also occurred more among subjects older than 10 years of age at both contacts, this association was also not significant (p = 0. 071 on first contact, p value = 0.10 at follow-up). Although, a low prevalence of persistent proteinuria was found among the sickle cell anaemia children studied, its screening should become a routine to identify children who will benefit from antiproteinuric treatment. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Persistent proteinuria, steady state sickle cell anaemia, children, Ilorin, Nigeria.","PeriodicalId":430999,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences","volume":"196 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128358497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence, Epidemiological Characteristics and Predictors of Occurrence of Urinary Schistosomiasis among 'Almajiri' School Children in Sokoto, Nigeria","authors":"E. Yunusa, K. Awosan, M. Ibrahim, B. Isah","doi":"10.5897/IJMMS2016.1230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/IJMMS2016.1230","url":null,"abstract":"Schistosomiasis is a major public health problem and second only to malaria as the most devastating disease in tropical countries in Africa, East Asia and South America. ‘Almajiri’ children are known to be exposed to conditions that place them at high risk of infectious diseases including schistosomiasis. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 272 randomly selected children studying at the ‘Almajiri’ Integrated Model School, Sokoto, Nigeria, to determine the prevalence, epidemiological characteristics and predictors of occurrence of urinary schistosomiasis among them from December 2013 to January 2014. Urine samples were collected from the children and examined for microhaematuria (using reagent strips) and ova of Schistosoma haematobium (microscopically by sedimentation technique), in addition to questionnaire administration (to obtain information on epidemiological characteristics of participants). Mean age of participants was 9.2 ± 2.0 years. About a quarter (25.7%) of participants had urinary schistosomiasis, with the highest prevalence (27.2%) in the 10 to 14 years age group. Swimming in river/pond was found to be the sole predictor of occurrence of urinary schistosomiasis (OR = 3.284, p = 0.020, 95% CI = 1.210 to 8.911). There was a strong agreement between microhematuria and detection of ova of S. haematobium on urine microscopy (Kappa statistics = 0.895, p = 0.0001). These findings suggest the need for school based health education program and provision of potable water, in order to prevent schistosomiasis related exposures, break the chain of infection and reduce disease burden. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Prevalence, predictors, urinary schistosomiasis, ‘Almajiri’ school children.","PeriodicalId":430999,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences","volume":"113 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126971659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Phoenix dactylifera on the prostate and seminal vesicle of Wistar rats","authors":"N. Dibal, J. Hambolu, A. Buraimoh","doi":"10.5897/IJMMS2015.1194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/IJMMS2015.1194","url":null,"abstract":"Phoenix dactylifera, a member of the family Arecaceae, is a highly nutritious fruit that is rich in vitamins, simple sugars, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, carotenoids and steroids. The study is aimed at evaluating the possible effects of P. dactylifera on the prostate and seminal vesicle of Wistar rats so that it can be suggested for use in the treatment of infertility or as a natural male contraceptive. Twenty male Wistar rats were used for the study; they were divided into four groups of five rats each, group 1 served as the control and were given distilled water while groups 2 to 4 (experimental groups) received the extract at 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg body weight orogastrically for 35 days. On the 36th day, all the rats were sacrificed using cervical dislocation method and the prostate gland and seminal vesicles were dissected, weighed and processed for light microscopic study. The results showed degeneration of prostate connective tissue and distorted glands in rats treated with the extract compared to that of the control. The seminal vesicles of rats treated with the extract showed no difference as compared to that of the control. In conclusion, the extract might affect sperm function by reducing sperm quality and viability as secretions from prostate helps in creating an alkaline pH that resist the acidity of the vaginal fluids. Therefore, P. dactylifera fruits might be used as a natural male contraceptive if the effects are found to be reversible in Human prostate. \u0000 \u0000   \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Prostate, seminal vesicle, Wistar rats, P. dactylifera, sperm quality, semen.","PeriodicalId":430999,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129652949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship between road traffic law violation, accident and psychoactive substance use among commercial motorcycle operators in Kano, Northwestern Nigeria","authors":"M. Gudaji, Faisal S. Dankishiya","doi":"10.5897/IJMMS2015.1208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/IJMMS2015.1208","url":null,"abstract":"Motorcycle operators who drive under the influence of psychoactive substances are at high risk for road traffic violations and accidents. Despite the high level of morbidity associated with psychoactive substance use, it is not a well-researched area in Northwestern Nigeria. The aim of the study was to determine the relationship between psychoactive substance use and road traffic violations and accidents among motorcycle operators in Kano, Northwestern Nigeria. It was a descriptive cross-sectional study. Instrument used for data collection included socio-demographic questionnaire and Schedule for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry (SCAN). Data analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) 17th edition. Three hundred and ninety-four subjects participated in the study. Their age ranged between 22 to 60 years, with mean age of 32.7 years ± 6.6. Motorcycle operators who used substances were more likely to violate traffic laws (P < 0.001; O.R = 1.6 (0.8 – 3.1) and to have road traffic accidents (P = 0.004; O.R = 2.6 (1.4 – 4.7) compared to those who did not use substances. Positive correlation was found between road traffic violations, road traffic accidents and substance use status at 99% confidence interval. There was also significant relationship between specific substance use, road traffic violations and accidents. Psychoactive substance use increases the risk of road traffic violations and road traffic accidents among motorcycle operators. Public health measures should be instituted to reduce the rate of substance use among motorcycle operators and cut down its associated morbidity. \u0000 \u0000   \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Psycho-active substance, road traffic accidents, road traffic violations, motorcycle operators, Schedule for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry (SCAN), Nigeria","PeriodicalId":430999,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123915121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Malignant pleural mesothelioma treated as pulmonary tuberculosis","authors":"J. Aiyekomogbon, N. Chom, A. Tabari, J. Igashi, Z. Delia, A. Adamu","doi":"10.5897/IJMMS2015.1203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/IJMMS2015.1203","url":null,"abstract":"A 45 year old man with malignant pleural mesothelioma had symptoms of prolonged cough, heamoptysis, breathlessness, weight loss and low grade persistent fever. The high prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis in this environment, coupled with paucity of radiologists in rural areas to competently review his chest radiograph, resulted in making the wrong diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) as against malignant pleural mesothelioma. He was also wrongly treated for PTB for a period of nine months before referral to a Teaching Hospital. The correct diagnosis was made in a university teaching hospital where adequate specialized manpower was available. Distant metastasis to the liver was already observed at presentation. He was treated with six courses of chemotherapy (Peclitaxel and Cisplastin) and he did well before he was lost to follow-up. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Malignant pleural mesothelioma, PTB, liver metastasis.","PeriodicalId":430999,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences","volume":"172 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122888568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Hymenolepis nana among primary school children in Burkina Faso","authors":"Bagayan Mohamed, Zongo Dramane, Ouéda Adama, S. Boubacar, S. Hermann, Drabo Fran ccedil ois, Ou eacute draogo Amado, B. Issouf, Zhang Yao-bi, B. K. E. Gustave, N. Jean","doi":"10.5897/IJMMS2015.1179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/IJMMS2015.1179","url":null,"abstract":"This cross-sectional descriptive study estimated the prevalence of Hymenolepis nana infection in primary school children living in Burkina Faso. A parasitological survey was conducted in 2013 in 22 primary schools located in eleven regions of Burkina Faso. Kato-Katz method was used as a technique to detect the H. nana eggs. The prevalence and intensity of the infection were determined by estimating the means of H. nana eggs per gram of faeces (epg). 3514 school children from 7 to 11 years old have been investigated. The overall prevalence of H. nana was 3.22%. It varied from 0 to 11.25% among the primary schools (p<0.001). The difference was not significant according to gender (p=0.963) and the children aged 8 and 9 years were more infected (p=0.021). The highest mean intensity of eggs was 162 epg according the primary schools. The distribution of H. nana in Burkina Faso was determined. The prevalence of H. nana was low in the different primary schools. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Prevalence, Hymenolepis nana, school children, Burkina Faso.","PeriodicalId":430999,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125646616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A study of impact and prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome among medical students","authors":"S. Al-Ghamdi, Faisal AlOsamey, A. AlHamdan, Ahmad binkhalaf, Abdulaziz Alnujaydi, A. Turkistani, Abdulrahman Alrasheed, S. Alshamrani, Abdullah Alquaydheb, Mohammed Bin Ofaysan, ar AlQuraini, Sahal Bin Jupier, Charanjit Arneja","doi":"10.5897/IJMMS2015.1188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/IJMMS2015.1188","url":null,"abstract":"Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is considered as a prevalent gastrointestinal disorder which is characterized by some non-specific symptoms, such as altered bowel habits and abdominal pain. There is no recognized organic pathology associated with IBS. The prevalence of IBS is different in different communities. Its etiology remains uncertain or obscure, perhaps multifactorial. The predestined objective was the determination of prevalence, associated factors and impact of IBS on medical student studying in Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University. A cross-sectional study was carried out among male medical students enrolled in Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University during the academic year 2013 to 2014. All male medical students of second to sixth year were invited for participation in the study by filling study questionnaire. A validated, reliable, confidential, and self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. Rome III Criteria was used for the diagnosis of irritable bowed syndrome. The IBS prevalence was 21% with profiles characterized by constipation (20.0%), diarrhea (34.3%), and other alternating symptoms (45.7%). Students who having history of chronic health problems were about three times more prone to develop IBS (OR=2.93). Those reported having stress was at 2.63 times more risk to develop IBS. Those having food hypersensitivity as compared to others were more liable to develop IBS (OR=3.29). IBS was not significantly associated with academic performance. IBS prevailed among medical students. Thus, screening of these students for psychological problems, IBS and stress management strategies are recommended for these students. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Bowel habits, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), medical students, prevalence, work absenteeism.","PeriodicalId":430999,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122799340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}