International Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Multicenter bacteraemia among Sudanese children: Causative agents and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns","authors":"Eldin K Elamin Baha, Atif Salah Eldin Maryam, Faisel Abd Elseed Maali, Sedig Emanowell","doi":"10.5897/IJMMS2014.1117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/IJMMS2014.1117","url":null,"abstract":"Bacteraemia is a common cause of morbidity and mortality in children worldwide. Therefore, bacteraemia continues to be increasingly a serious health problem that needs an immediate attention and treatment. A retrospective hospital-based study was conducted on positive blood cultures collected from 804 children (aged less than 10 years) including both genders in a period between 2012 and 2013 in three different medical services center in Khartoum state, Sudan, out of 804 tested blood samples, among whom 226 isolates were recovered from blood cultures. The majority of the children with bacteraemia (77.4%) were found to be less than one year old (49.1% male and 50.9% female). The most frequent pathogen was found to be Staphylococcus aureus (33.6%), followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae. (30.5%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (11.5%), Burkholderia cepacia (10.6%), Streptococcus spp., (7%), Escherichia coli (3.5%), Acinetobacter spp. (1.7%) and coagulase negative staphylococci (1.3%). This study shows the highest susceptibility rate of S. aureus to vancomycin (97.3%), and the lowest susceptibility rate (34.7%) was recorded for erythromycin. Staphylococcus aureus was the main etiological agent of bacteraemia in children, while the most isolates demonstrating susceptibility to vancomycin. Overall, erythromycin resistance was 65.3%. This information should be considered when empirical therapy is recommended for the treatment of children with bacteraemia. Most laboratories in Sudan use a single aerobic blood culture bottle for routine blood culture. So our recommendation is using aerobic in conjugation with anaerobic bottles in order to recover significantly more organisms. \u0000 \u0000   \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Bacteraemia, children, antimicrobials, drug resistance, Sudan.","PeriodicalId":430999,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125318687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanisms of apoptosis in ovarian cancer: The small molecule targeting","authors":"N. Philemon, Choene Mpho, Motadi Lesetja","doi":"10.5897/IJMMS2014.1081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/IJMMS2014.1081","url":null,"abstract":"Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynaecologic cancer cancer among women. About 90% of ovarian cancers are epithelial, (ovarian carcinomas) thought to arise from the ovarian surface epithelium. Diagnosed usually at clinically advanced stages, many patients show poor response to chemotherapy, with resistance and recurrent disease being prevalent. The cell origin and the mechanism of neoplastic transformation of this malignancy are poorly understood. Apoptosis is crucial in normal ovarian development and function; and gonadotropins play a significant role in modulating the expression of several pro-apoptotic and pro-survival genes and other molecules in the ovary. Targeted therapeutic strategies using small molecule protein kinase inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies have been explored in the management of ovarian carcinomas. These molecules, used in combination with chemotherapy, have shown better prognosis in ovarian cancer. With several ongoing clinical trials using kinase inhibitors and the ideal targets being sought after, significant improvements of patients suffering with ovarian carcinomas are expected in the near future. This manuscript aims to review ovarian apoptotic mechanisms and the therapeutic progress in the use of small molecule kinase inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies as targets for inducing apoptosis in ovarian cancer.","PeriodicalId":430999,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117092059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wuchereria Bancrofti Antigenaemia Among School Children: A Case Study of Four Communities in the Kassena-Nankana East District of the Upper East Region of Ghana","authors":"A. Rahamani","doi":"10.5897/IJMMS2014.1113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/IJMMS2014.1113","url":null,"abstract":"Lymphatic filariasis (LF), a parasitic disease caused by Wuchereria bancrofti, is of public health concern especially in the northern part of Ghana. Since 2000, several rounds of mass drug administration (MDA) against this infection have been conducted in the endemic communities. However, no studies on the prevalence of W. bancrofti antigenaemia have been conducted among pre-school and school-age children in these communities. This study therefore investigated the prevalence of W. bancrofti antigenaemia among pre-school and school-age children in the Kassena-Nankana East (KNE) district between December, 2010 and May, 2012. The study was a cross sectional analytical survey among the school children of age between 2 and 10 years old. Blood samples from two hundred (200) children each (randomly selected from Biu, Korania, Gumongo and Manyoro communities in KNE district) were screened for the presence of W. bancrofti antigen before and after MDA was conducted. W. bancrofti antigenaemia was detected among 25 (12.5%) children before MDA while 13 (6.5%) children tested positive for the antigen after MDA. The microfilaria antigen prevalence among the communities after MDA were 0% in Biuand Korania, 4.0% in Manyoro and 22% in Gumongo. This study has demonstrated that community variations exist in the prevalence of filarial antigen in KNE district. There is the need for regular surveillance that will inform treatment coverage and effectiveness. \u0000 \u0000 Key words:  Lymphatic filariasis, Wuchereria bancrofti, antigenaemia.","PeriodicalId":430999,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134016026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parental perceptions and home management of pyrexia in children in a malaria endemic area","authors":"E. Lawani, A. O. Akhogba","doi":"10.5897/IJMMS2014.1116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/IJMMS2014.1116","url":null,"abstract":"Fever is one of the most common symptoms of disease in children, accompanies a range of illnesses and is often treated at home before medical attention is sought. An investigation of fever management among parents of children under five was carried out to evaluate parental perception. Parents of 1143 children were randomly selected and interviewed to answer a questionnaire about fever. Majority of parents (63%) perceived fever to be hotness of the body and had no idea of the normal body temperature and so did not use a thermometer. 621 parents representing 54% irrespective of their educational qualification and age suspected malaria as the most likely cause of fever which made them act within 24 h by administering antimalarial drugs at home without medical diagnosis. Parents felt that an untreated fever could result in convulsion (16%) and even death (14%) which informed some harmful practices. The educational level of parents was statistically insignificant (p>0.05) and had no bearing on the knowledge of fever while the age of parents had a strong correlation with their perception and fever management. Based on the outcome of this study, there is a need for appropriate education to prevent the abuse of antimalarial drugs and also to stop some crude and harmful practice employed to arrest a convulsive child. \u0000 \u0000   \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Fever, parental, perception, management, children.","PeriodicalId":430999,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114375984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Endosymbiont bacterium Wolbachia: Emerged as a weapon in the war against mosquito born diseases","authors":"Agersew Alemu","doi":"10.5897/IJMMS2014.1118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/IJMMS2014.1118","url":null,"abstract":"Because of climate change and failure of the existing methods of control of vector borne diseases and vector are increasing. Mosquito species are the main vectors of human pathogens causing malaria, dengue, filariasis, chikungunya, yellow fever and West Nile. There are no well-organized methods and tools of controls of vector and vector borne diseases, since no efficient vaccines or drugs are available. Despite years of intense effort to control them, many of these diseases are increasing in prevalence, geographical distribution and severity, and options to control them are limited. Currently, efforts focused on the control of vector populations. During recent years, the endosymbiont bacterium has been well-documented and has led to suggestions that these could be used to control pests and therefore diseases. Wolbachia is perhaps the most renowned insect symbiont, primarily due to its ability to manipulate insect reproduction and to interfere with major human pathogens therefore providing new avenues for pest control. Wolbachia are common intracellular bacteria that are found in arthropods and nematodes. These alphaproteobacteria endosymbionts are transmitted vertically through host eggs and alter host biology in diverse ways, including the induction of reproductive manipulations, such as feminization, parthenogenesis, male killing and sperm–egg incompatibility. Wolbachia strains can invade and sustain themselves in mosquito populations, reduce adult lifespan, affect mosquito reproduction and interfere with pathogen replication. Wolbachia can also provide direct fitness benefits to their hosts by affecting nutrition and development, influencing fecundity or oogenesis and providing resist­ance to pathogens. For instance, infection of Anopheles gambiae with both wMelPop and wAlbB reduced the oocyst burden of Plasmodium falciparum, compared to uninfected control mosquitoes. In addition, similar study observed that the wMelPop strain inhibited development of Plasmodium berghei; however, the wAlbB strain was found to enhance development of P. berghei. \u0000 \u0000   \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Malaria, Aedes aegypti, Chikungunya, dengue, drosophila, wolbachiapipientis, vectorborn diseases.","PeriodicalId":430999,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116320432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative evaluation of pattern of abnormalities in hysterosalpingography, diagnostic laparoscopy and hysteroscopy among women with infertility in Zaria, Nigeria","authors":"P. Ibinaiye, Reuben Omokafe Lawan, S. Avidime","doi":"10.5897/IJMMS2014.1106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/IJMMS2014.1106","url":null,"abstract":"Laparoscopy and hysteroscopy procedures commenced recently in our center and no study has been done on them yet. Also, there is paucity of information in our environment on comparison of laparoscopy/hysteroscopy findings with hysterosalpingography (HSG) amongst infertile women. The purpose of this study was to evaluate pattern of the abnormalities detected on HSG in infertile women and to compare them with laparoscopy and hysteroscopy findings. A prospective study of 220 consecutive patients who had HSG between December, 2011 and May, 2013, at Department of Radiology, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital (ABUTH), Zaria, Nigeria was conducted. Clinical notes and radiological findings were analyzed for demographic data, uterine status, tubal and pelvic abnormalities. Findings were correlated with those of laparoscopy and hysteroscopy. Data was analyzed using EPI Info version 3.3.2 for windows. Of the 72 women with tubal occlusion on HSG, 46 (63.89%) women had laparoscopy with dye test. HSG demonstrated unilateral tubal occlusion in 35 (76.09%) women and bilateral tubal occlusion in 11 (23.91%) women. The laparoscopy with dye test also demonstrated unilateral tubal occlusion in 34 (73.91%) women and bilateral tubal occlusion in 10 (21.74) women. The difference in the findings of both tests on tubal patency was not statistically significant (p>0.05). All the 26 women with uterine adhesion on HSG had diagnostic hysteroscopy which confirmed all the cases. There was no difference in the findings of both tests (p>0.05). Both HSG and diagnostic laparoscopy are effective in evaluating tubal patency with no significant difference in accuracy. Also both HSG and hysteroscopy are effective in evaluating intrauterine adhesions with no difference in accuracy. \u0000 \u0000   \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Abnormalities, hysterosalpingography, laparoscopy/hysteroscopy, infertility.","PeriodicalId":430999,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences","volume":"99 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116889751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Blood pressure lowering and cardio-protective effects of garlic (Allium sativum) and ginger (Zingiber officinale) extracts in some laboratory animals","authors":"J. Tende, J. Ayo, Aliyu Mohammed, A. Zezi","doi":"10.5897/IJMMS2014.1069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/IJMMS2014.1069","url":null,"abstract":"This study evaluated the blood pressure effects and cardio-protective function of ginger and garlic extracts in laboratory animals. Wistar rats of both sexes were assigned into the following groups: Group I: Served as control + distilled water; Group II: 20 mg/kg of garlic; Group III: 40 mg/kg of garlic; Group IV: 20 mg/kg of ginger; Group V: 40 mg/kg of ginger; Group VI: garlic 10 mg and ginger 10 mg/kg; Group VII: garlic 20 mg and ginger 20 mg/kg. Animals were euthanized after four weeks of treatment. Blood samples were collected and serum separated for lipid profile assay. The effect of extracts on perfused rabbit heart was also investigated. Moreover, the effect of extract on blood pressure was tested in anaesthetized cats. The results obtained in the study showed a statistically significant decrease (p<0.05) of serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride and low density lipoprotein-cholestero (LDL-C) levels at all single and combined doses of the extract when compared with the control group. The extract single and combined doses significantly increased (p<0.05) serum high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) level in the treated animals when compared with the control group. The results showed a significantly decreased rate and force of contraction at the combined doses when compared with the baseline line control level (p<0.05). The study also revealed that the administration of only garlic at dose of 0.1 and 1 mg/ml produced a significant decrease (p<0.05) in the diastolic blood pressure. There was a statistically significant decrease (p<0.05) in diastolic blood pressure in all single doses of garlic as well as the combined doses of garlic and ginger extract administered. The result obtained showed that administration of only single doses of ginger produced a significant decrease in p < 0.05. Administration of single doses of garlic (0.1 and 1 mg/ml) produced significant reduction (P < 0.05) in mean arterial pressure (MAP) when compared with control group. In conclusion, the findings suggest that the extract as well as its combination improved lipid profile and may have a cardio-protective effect. \u0000 \u0000   \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Garlic, ginger, isolated perfuse heart, total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein, blood pressure.","PeriodicalId":430999,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115564030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of the pattern of antibiotics use in pediatrics ward of Dessie Referral Hospital, North East Ethiopia","authors":"G. Alemnew, Seyfe Asrade Atnafie","doi":"10.5897/IJMMS2014.1101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/IJMMS2014.1101","url":null,"abstract":"The main purpose is to assess the prescribing practice of antibiotic in pediatrics ward of DRH, North East Ethiopia. Methods: A hospital-based retrospective cross sectional study was used to assess patient cards for the past 1 year (June 2012- May 2013). Results: About 98 % of pediatrics was prescribed with at least one antibiotic. The most common diagnoses were severe pneumonia (19.6%) and Acute Gastroenteritis (AGE) with some dehydration (10.3%). The most commonly prescribed single antibiotics was crystalline penicillin (33.3%) and multiple antibiotics were ampicillin and gentamicin (62.9%).Accordingly, parenteral route accounted for 377(76%) and with a practice of parenteral to oral shift upon discharge in only 7.9% of cases. The average number of drugs per patient was 1.70±0.93 and antibiotics per patient were 1.457±0.599. More than 61.51% of the patients were exposed to at least two drugs. Conclusion: There is high percentage of antibiotics use in pediatrics ward of DRH and even some of them administered without proper indication. Proper treatment guidelines and policies should be practiced to promote judicious use of antibiotics.   \u0000 \u0000   \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Antibiotic, pattern, pediatrics, Dessie referral hospital","PeriodicalId":430999,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences","volume":"13 22","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120928721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pregnancy in renal transplant recipients","authors":"Boubaker Boubaker, H. Hafedh, A. Ezzedine, B. Taieb, K. Adel","doi":"10.5897/IJMMS2013.0985","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/IJMMS2013.0985","url":null,"abstract":"Fertility is considerably affected in chronic renal insufficiency and periodic hemodialysis, and it is improved by renal transplantation. Transplanted patients recover from their renal failure state, and pregnancy occurred in 2% renal graft recipients who were fit to procreate. The aim of this study was to bring back the cases of pregnancies carried out in our renal patients who had transplantation surgery and to specify the possible complications of the foetus before and after the childbirth. It is a retrospective study with records of 20 years period (1986 to 2006) of 10 pregnancies which occurred in 7 renal transplant recipients in our Charles Nicole hospital department. Mean patient age was 33.8 years (29 to 43 years). Mean time between transplantation and the onset of pregnancy was 6.5 years (1 to 18 years). Before pregnancy, hypertension was observed in 1 case and proteinuria in other case. All our patients had creatininemia <1.50 mg/dl. Immunosuppressive treatment associated steroids and azathioprin in 3 cases, steroids and ciclosporin A in 2 cases and steroids, ciclosporin A and azathioprin in 2 cases. One patient developed diabetes. Maternal complications were rare, essentially hypertension in 2 cases, proteinuria in 1 case, ascension of creatininemia in 2 cases and hepatic cholestase in 2 cases. Prematurity was observed in 2 cases; it was related to premature rupture of membranous in 1 case and uterine contractions in cesarean patient in other case. The mean neonatal weight was 2950 g (2100 to 3500 g) with 4 small gestational age (< 2800 g). It was noted in 1 case of newborn, down's syndrome in a pregnant women who was 37 years. After a mean follow up of 7.4 years follow-up, mean cretininemia was 1.80 mg /dl (0.74-5.53 mg /dl). One patient showed chronic rejection. Immunosuppressive treatment seemed without adverse effects on fetus. The only case of chromosome abnormality appeared in a pregnant women who was more than 35 years old. The course of pregnancy after renal transplantation is generally uncomplicated without increased risk of graft loses. However, a normal arterial pressure, a stable renal function and absence of proteinuria were requested before allowing a pregnancy. \u0000 \u0000   \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Renal transplantation, pregnancy.","PeriodicalId":430999,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134206621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distribution of phage types of Vibrio cholerae 01 biotype El Tor in Nigeria (2007-2013): Implication in cholera mortality","authors":"K. Akinsinde, A. IwalokunB., A. Oluwadun, I. Smiths, M. Fowora, O. NwaokorieF., A. BamideleT., K. OlukoyaD., O. UjahI.A.","doi":"10.5897/IJMMS2014.1085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/IJMMS2014.1085","url":null,"abstract":"Nigeria has been plagued with seasonal epidemics of cholera with high mortality impact since 2007. Data to understand the molecular epidemiology of strains for developing country-specific control measures are either not available or incomplete in most of the epidemic states. To bridge this information gap, this study determined the phage type profiles of some selected Vibrio cholerae 01 biotype El Tor strains involved in epidemic between 2007 and 2013 in nine states of the country. A total of 52 epidemic strains of V. cholerae from nine states: Abia, Bauchi, Borno, Kano, Gombe, Ilorin, Lagos, Ogun and Osun based on viability and positive serogrouping of 122 stock cultures were phage typed using both the old (two groups) and new (10 groups) typing schemes according to World health Organization (WHO) guidelines. Data were descriptively analyzed for variation and predominance of phage types using STATA 8.0. The proportions of strains belonging to the T2 and T4 phage types were 55.7 and 44.3%, respectively (P>0.05). With the new typing scheme, epidemic strains of phage types ranging from 4 to 8 were found per state. Further analysis revealed phage predominance in the following decreasing order: T-27>T-24>T-23. Other phage types seen were T-7, T-10, T-12, T-14, T-16 and T-17. Phage variation analysis further revealed involvement of strains from multiple phage types ≥3 during the 2010 cholera epidemics versus ≤2 in other cholera epidemics since 2007. Findings from this study indicate that multiple phage types of V. cholerae 01 biotype El Tor with the predominance of T-27 are common in Nigerian cholera epidemic situation since 2007. This study also revealed phage multiplicity to play a role in the documented higher case fatality of 2010 cholera epidemics compared to recent outbreaks in the country. \u0000 \u0000   \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Vibrio cholerae 01 biotype El Tor, phage typing, cholera, Nigeria.","PeriodicalId":430999,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131976992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}