Acta Technologica Agriculturae最新文献

{"title":"The Effect of Drum Dryer Temperature and Rotational Speed on the Characteristics of Finger Millet (Eleusine coracana) Based Weaning Food Enriched with Composite Flour","authors":"D. D. Hidayat, D. Sagita, Shilfie R. Utami, Raden C. E. Andriansyah, Ari Rahayuningtyas, D. A. Darmajana, A. Herminiati, Yusman Taufik","doi":"10.2478/ata-2024-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ata-2024-0002","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Finger millet or red millet is a source of carbohydrates, protein, and phytonutrients that have not been widely used. This has the potential to be used as an ingredient in making bread and porridge. However, the protein content of millet is insufficient for infant feeding and deficient in essential amino acids like lysine, so other ingredients are needed. This study contrasted composite flour dried at various temperatures and rotational speeds with millet-based supplementary feeding. Finger millet flour, red bean, skimmed milk powder, sugar, and salt were used to produce the weaning meal in that sequence. The dough-to-water ratio is 1 : 4. Organoleptic, physical, and chemical interactions were all considered. The experiment used a randomised block design with three replications and a 3 × 3 factorial pattern. The study discovered that drum dryer temperature impacted chemical, physical, and sensory responses (p <0.05). Temperature had a more significant influence on moisture content than rotational speed. Temperature above 120 °C results in lower moisture content at rotation higher than 1.0 min−1 and meets the criteria for instant porridge (lower than 4%). Lower moisture content at higher temperatures leads to increased protein concentration, but carbohydrates and fats remain relatively constant. The samples more preferred by the panellists were samples processed at higher temperature with rotation above 1.0 min−1. So, this value is recommended, apart from fulfilling the standard criteria, processing with higher rotational speed can increase the output capacity of the process.","PeriodicalId":43089,"journal":{"name":"Acta Technologica Agriculturae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140435409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the Essential Factors for Thresher Losses and Waste in Peanut Harvester Considering Several Varieties of Crop","authors":"Javad Tarighi, Mousa Azad, S. Ardabili, Amir Mosavi","doi":"10.2478/ata-2024-0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ata-2024-0008","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This research investigated the performance of a model traction combine harvester (TCH) for harvesting several varieties of peanuts. The effect of independent factors including tested varieties at three levels (local Moghan, Goli Astana, and Turkish), tractor forward speed (FS) at three levels (4, 5, and 6 km·h−1), and rotational speed (RS) of the thresher at three levels (500, 600, 700 rpm) on losses and wastes were studied and investigated. To analyse the obtained data, a factorial experimental design was used in the form of randomised complete blocks, and Duncan‘s multi-range test was used to compare the mean values. According to the findings, the effects of tractor FS and rotary speed of the thresher on the percentage of threshing losses were significant at the probability level of 1%. Also, the interaction effects of variety type and tractor FS, tractor FS, and rotary speed of the thresher on the percentage of threshing losses were significant at the 1% probability level. Also, the effects of variety type, tractor FS, rotary speed of the thresher, and all mutual effects on the percentage of threshing waste were significant at the 1% probability level. The results of comparing the average effects of the main factors showed that the FS of 6 km·h−1 had the highest average threshing loss (82.89%). Threshing losses were obtained in the Turkish variety with the lowest average value (2.51%) and in the local variety with the highest average value (3.53%).","PeriodicalId":43089,"journal":{"name":"Acta Technologica Agriculturae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140434977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Environmental and Economic Analysis of Biomethane Production from Co-Digestion of Rice Straw and Spent Mushroom Compost: Application of Zero-Valent Iron Nanoparticles","authors":"Sina Ardabili, R. Pourdarbani, Lotfollah Maleki, Gholamhossein Jafari, José Luis Hernandez-Hernandez","doi":"10.2478/ata-2024-0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ata-2024-0001","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Spent mushroom compost is one of the main potentials for biogas production. In recent years, several studies employed adding nanoparticles and alkaline pretreatment for improving biogas production. The present study is one of the pioneer studies that employ hybrid alkaline pretreatment (0, 5, and 15 mg of NaOH) and zero-valent iron nanoparticles (0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 mg) for improving the co-digestion of spent mushroom compost and rice straw. According to the results, retention time (RT) and nanoparticle (NP) concentrations have the most significant impact on biomethane production (significant at 1% probability level), while the NaOH concentration has the lowest impact on biomethane production (significant at 5% probability level) in comparison with RT and NP concentration. Also, the maximum biomethane production is related to NP40Na15 (about 200% higher than the control). The minimum cumulative biomethane production is related to NP0Na15 (about 30% lower than the control). The lowest relative environmental midpoint impact is related to NP40Na15, which was on average about 60% lower than the control. Adding NPs at high concentrations of NaOH reduces the midpoint impacts. The results of the study could lead to new, ecologically friendly biomethane production methods that make better use of agricultural and organic wastes.","PeriodicalId":43089,"journal":{"name":"Acta Technologica Agriculturae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140435395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Justification of the Unit Design Diagram for Mowing Agricultural Crops Simultaneously with Their Stuble Chopping","authors":"P. Findura, Volodymyr Nadykto, V. Kyurchev, Jakub Mankovecký","doi":"10.2478/ata-2024-0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ata-2024-0006","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The two-phase method is quite widespread when harvesting grain crops and forage grasses. For its implementation, farmers prefer harvesting units with a front-mounted header. The main disadvantage of such units is that after their passage in the space between the swaths of mown crops, open soil falls under the direct influence of sunlight. Subsequently, this leads to an intensive loss of its moisture. A harvesting unit has been designed to eliminate this shortcoming, consisting of a tractor with a front harvester and a soil-cultivating machine (disc harrow) mounted at the rear. The latter chops stubble and soil in the space between the swaths of the mowed crop, contributing to soil moisture conservation. In the diagram plan, the tillage machine can have a swivel or fixed conjunction with the tractor in a horizontal plane. A mathematical model of the harvesting unit plane-parallel movement in the horizontal plane has been designed to choose these conjunctions better. In the study, it is used to analyze the corresponding amplitude (AFC) and phase (PFC) frequency characteristics of a dynamic system when it is working out a control action in the form of the sighting point transverse shift. As a mathematical modeling result, it was found that the fixed conjunction of a tillage machine with a tractor is preferable. In this case, the natural AFC practically approaches the perfect one for servo dynamical systems. The correlation degree between the tractor‘s steered wheels‘ rotation and heading angles increases by almost 37%. As a result, this leads to a significant decrease in this parameter variance fluctuations, which contributes to an increase in the harvesting unit controllability movement as a whole.","PeriodicalId":43089,"journal":{"name":"Acta Technologica Agriculturae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140433781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Near Infrared Technology Coupled with Different Spectra Correction Approaches for Fast and Non-Destructive Prediction of Chlorogenic Acid on Intact Coffee Beans","authors":"A. A. Munawar, Kusumiyati, Andasuryani, Yusmanizar, Adrizal","doi":"10.2478/ata-2024-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ata-2024-0004","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The primary objective of this research was to utilise near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy as a swift, non-destructive method for identifying chlorogenic acid in whole coffee beans. Additionally, this investigation explored the efficacy of different spectral improvement techniques alongside partial least square regression to construct predictive models. NIR spectral data was gleaned from whole coffee beans spanning a wavelength range of 1000–2500 nm, while the chlorogenic acid content was ascertained via high-performance liquid chromatography procedures. Our findings revealed that the highest coefficient of determination reached for chlorogenic acid was 0.97, and the root mean square error for calibration was 0.31% when using the multiplicative scatter correction method. Furthermore, upon testing the model using an external validation dataset, a determination coefficient of 0.91 and a ratio error to range index of 11.56 with a root mean square prediction error at 0.51% was attained. From these results, it can be inferred that the near-infrared technology, coupled with an effective spectral enhancement process, can facilitate quick, non-invasive determination of chlorogenic acid in whole coffee beans.","PeriodicalId":43089,"journal":{"name":"Acta Technologica Agriculturae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140433648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Theory of Heap Particle Motion in Vibration Cleaning of Potatoes","authors":"Volodymyr Bulgakov, Maksym Stankevych, Pavol Findura, Іvan Golovach, Zinoviy Ruzhilo, Viktor Kornyushin, Maria Andrievska","doi":"10.2478/ata-2023-0027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ata-2023-0027","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Theoretical research was conducted using the basic principles of higher mathematics and theoretical mechanics. Numerical calculations and graphical dependences are obtained using a PC based on developed and standard programs. The movement of the potato heap on the wing surface of the V-shaped heap distributor in the process of its distribution over the entire width of the separating conveyor was studied. An equivalent scheme of interaction of potato heap particle with the surface of the distributor wing is constructed, on the basis of which differential equations of its motion on the specified surface are made, taking into account the main constructive and kinematic parameters of the separating conveyor and V-shaped distributor. Based on the integration of the specified system of differential equations in quadratures, analytical expressions describing the laws of change of speed and movement of a particle of a potato heap in time at various values of constructive and kinematic parameters of the distributor and separating conveyor are received. Based on the obtained analytical expressions, calculations were performed and graphical dependences of heap velocity along the distributor wing on time at different values of the angle of distributor wings taking into account the oscillations of the separating conveyor blade were obtained. The allowable speed of movement of the heap along the wing of the distributor is determined from the condition of maintaining the equality of supply of the heap to the distributor and its ascent from the distributor. The specified speed is 1.62 m∙s −1 . The analysis of graphical dependences shows that the speed of the heap along the wing of the distributor decreases with increasing angle of the wing. If the speed is reduced to less than the allowable value, the heap will be unloaded on the wings of the distributor, which will lead to a disturbance of the technological process of the potato harvester. With the allowable time of movement of the heap along the distributor wing, the maximum allowable values of the deflection of the distributor wing are within 40–45°.","PeriodicalId":43089,"journal":{"name":"Acta Technologica Agriculturae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134956712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance Evaluation of Artificial Neural Network Modelling to a Ploughing Unit in Various Soil Conditions","authors":"Ghazwan A. Dahham, Mahmood N. Al-Irhayim, Khalid E. Al-Mistawi, Montaser Kh. Khessro","doi":"10.2478/ata-2023-0026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ata-2023-0026","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The specific objective of this study is to find a suitable artificial neural network model for estimating the operation indicators (disturbed soil volume, effective field capacity, draft force, and energy requirement) of ploughing units (tractor disc) in various soil conditions. The experiment involved two different factors, i.e., (Ι) soil texture index and (ΙΙ) field work index, and included soil moisture content, tractor engine power, soil bulk density, tillage speed, tillage depth, and tillage width, which were linked to one dimensionless index. We assessed the effectiveness of artificial neural network and multiple linear regression models between the values predicted and the actual values using the mean absolute error criterion to test data points. When the artificial neural network model was applied, the mean absolute error values for disturbed soil volume, effective field capacity, draft force, and energy requirement were 69.41 m 3 ·hr −1 , 0.04 ha·hr −1 , 1.24 kN, and 1.95 kw·hr·ha −1 , respectively. In order to evaluate the behaviour of new models, the coefficient R 2 was used as a criterion, where R 2 values in artificial neural network were 0.9872, 0.9553, 0.9948, and 0.9718, respectively, for the aforementioned testing dataset. Simultaneously, R 2 values in multiple linear regression were 0.7623, 0.696, 0.492, and 0.5572, respectively, for the same testing dataset. Based on these comparisons, it was clear that predictions using the artificial neural network models proposed are very satisfactory.","PeriodicalId":43089,"journal":{"name":"Acta Technologica Agriculturae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134956715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Features of Wear of Gears of Agricultural Machinery","authors":"Aleksandr Veselovsky, Irina Troyanovskaya, Yurii Syromyatnikov, Sergey Voinash, Vladimir Malikov, Ramil Zagidullin, Linar Sabitov","doi":"10.2478/ata-2023-0028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ata-2023-0028","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The paper presents data on the resource and wear of the gears of agricultural tractor transmissions, on the basis of which the research problem and the novelty of the proposed methodology are formulated, based on the development and application of the stress state model of the gear, taking into account surface hardening. The methodology and calculation scheme for determining the power parameters of gearing are described in detail. In this case, the dependences and results of previous studies in the field of increasing the durability and reducing the wear of gears of transmission elements of vehicles of various functional purposes were used. To achieve this goal, the mathematical models of the stress state of gears are constructed without the presence of an external diffusion hardening coating and with a coating. Based on the simulation of the process of interaction of rubbing pairs of gears, the distribution of stresses in the contact zone over the surface layer of non-hardened and cemented to a depth of 1 mm gears, as well as the dependence of deflection on the thickness of the cemented layer and the deformation of the cemented layer during operation was established. Considering the research results given in literature, as well as those obtained on the basis of our own research, it should be noted that the analysis of gear stress state is an important direction in the study of the durability of gear units, the entire gearbox, and other gears of tractor transmissions and automotive technology at the present time. At the same time, the actual task is to establish the ratios of the allowable wear of gears and the limiting value of displacement of the centre distance, taking into account changes in the stress state scheme when using various types of coatings.","PeriodicalId":43089,"journal":{"name":"Acta Technologica Agriculturae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134957730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Accommodation Speed and Reading Accuracy for Conventional and Digital Rear-View Mirrors with Emphasis on Overall Traffic Safety","authors":"Michal Hruška, Jakub Povýšil, Sudeep Sangamesh Babu, Petr Vaculík, Petr Benda, Anna Maria Zifia, Martin Fůs, Nikita Vojtěchová, Stanislav Jelen","doi":"10.2478/ata-2023-0029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ata-2023-0029","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The topic of this article is a comparison of the speed of accommodation and the reading accuracy of conventional and digital rear-view mirrors. The data for the research described in this article was obtained through laboratory measurements using precise measuring techniques on a medium-sized, relatively heterogeneous group of users, consisting mainly of university students and employees. In the experiment, all research participants performed a series of test tasks on two identical passenger vehicles, where one was equipped with conventional side mirrors, while the other had digital side mirrors installed. The main reason for carrying out this study is to try to imitate a common situation where the driver is forced to drive a car with these modern technologies in normal traffic and to understand the specific issues associated with the use of this technology. The speed of accommodation and reading accuracy is a very important parameter in this regard, which is also important for maximizing road traffic safety. The data obtained from this research was subsequently subjected to selected statistical analysis. Results confirmed statistically significant differences in the speed of accommodation when reading data from conventional and digital mirrors. It has been shown that the use of digital mirror technology can have a direct negative effect on road safety, especially in combination with other negative effects given by the technical nature of the technology under investigation, such as image latency in digital displays.","PeriodicalId":43089,"journal":{"name":"Acta Technologica Agriculturae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134957731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Testing of Regulating and Non-Regulating Hydraulic Pumps","authors":"Ján Kosiba, Gabriela Čurgaliová, Zdenko Tkáč, Juraj Jablonický, Liudmyla Hanushchak-Yefimenko, Tetiana Bukoros","doi":"10.2478/ata-2023-0031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/ata-2023-0031","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article deals with the testing of regulating and non-regulating hydraulic pumps in laboratory conditions. The laboratory test was carried out on the hydraulic device consisting of two separate hydraulic circuits (for testing the non-regulating hydraulic pump and regulating hydraulic pump). A throttle valve or proportional throttle valve is used for loading. During the laboratory tests, the flow efficiency of the non-regulating hydraulic pump at rotation speed n = 1,500 rpm (nominal speed) was η pp = 98.91% (0 MPa) and η pp = 94.97% (20 MPa), and for the regulating hydraulic pump, the values were η pp = 97.57% (0 MPa) and η pp = 94.54% (20 MPa). The determined values of flow efficiency of hydraulic pumps determine the correct operation of the experimental hydraulic laboratory equipment.","PeriodicalId":43089,"journal":{"name":"Acta Technologica Agriculturae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134956711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}