PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL IRISH ACADEMY SECTION C-ARCHAEOLOGY CELTIC STUDIES HISTORY LINGUISTICS LITERATURE最新文献

{"title":"The Munich Computus and the 84 (14)-year Easter reckoning","authors":"Immo Warntjes","doi":"10.3318/PRIC.2007.107.1.31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3318/PRIC.2007.107.1.31","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:The construction, and especially the assignment of the Easter dates, of the Easter reckoning used in the British Isles from the fifth to the eighth century, here called the 84 (14), has been a matter of scholarly debate for the past 400 years. Since the discovery of the Munich Computus in AD 1878, the text that became the primary source for this Easter reckoning, the debate has centred almost exclusively on it. This changed with the discovery of an Easter table of this reckoning in AD 1985, which provided reliable Easter dates as well as a most valuable insight into the construction of the table itself. However, these two primary sources have never been compared thoroughly. Such a comparison is provided in the present article, which leads to an analysis of its implication for the 84 (14) in general, and for the Munich Computus in particular.","PeriodicalId":43075,"journal":{"name":"PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL IRISH ACADEMY SECTION C-ARCHAEOLOGY CELTIC STUDIES HISTORY LINGUISTICS LITERATURE","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86306595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Francis Bacon and policy-making in Ireland under Elizabeth and James","authors":"H. Morgan","doi":"10.3318/PRIAC.2019.119.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3318/PRIAC.2019.119.01","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Abstract This paper explores the impact that Francis Bacon (1561-1626) had on Irish affairs during the final years of the reign of Elizabeth and the reign of James I. Bacon advised Robert Devereux, earl of Essex; Robert Cecil, secretary of state; James, king of Great Britain and Ireland; and George Villiers, earl of Buckingham on politics, religion and colonisation during a traumatic and transformative period in Anglo-Irish relations. Bacon was involved in judicial proceedings against Essex after his return from Ireland in 1600/01 and against Irish parliamentary dissidents in 1613/14. He later participated in making Irish policy as lord chancellor in Buckingham's regime. Successively adviser, actor and influencer in an increasingly absolutist political system, Bacon was a moderately inclined imperialist in Irish policy. As a metropolitan intellectual dealing with Ireland, his type was represented in contemporary literature by Spenser's character Eudoxus.","PeriodicalId":43075,"journal":{"name":"PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL IRISH ACADEMY SECTION C-ARCHAEOLOGY CELTIC STUDIES HISTORY LINGUISTICS LITERATURE","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85458264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Food plants, fruits and foreign foodstuffs: the archaeological evidence from urban medieval Ireland","authors":"S. Lyons","doi":"10.3318/PRIAC.2015.115.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3318/PRIAC.2015.115.11","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:AbstractThe historical record is largely used to qualify the consumption of cultivated crops, and other food plants, such as fruits, vegetables, herbs and imported goods in the medieval Irish diet. Despite our rich literary sources, evidence for horticulture as well as the use of collected and exotic foodstuffs in medieval Ireland is still under-represented, and the remains of such plants rarely survive to make any inferences on the subject. The increase in archaeobotanical research in Ireland is producing a valuable archaeological dataset to help assess the nature, composition and variation of food plants in the medieval diet. Botanical remains preserved in anoxic deposits provide a unique snapshot of the diversity of plants consumed at a site, including information on processing techniques, storage and seasonality. With particular reference to urban medieval sites dating from the tenth to the fifteenth centuries, this paper will present and appraise the archaeological evidence for the use and consumption of cultivated, wild and imported foodstuffs, and the areas of research that still need to be addressed.","PeriodicalId":43075,"journal":{"name":"PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL IRISH ACADEMY SECTION C-ARCHAEOLOGY CELTIC STUDIES HISTORY LINGUISTICS LITERATURE","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90902106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Old Testament prefigurations of New Testament events on Irish high crosses","authors":"P. Harbison","doi":"10.3318/PRIAC.2018.118.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3318/PRIAC.2018.118.03","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Irish high crosses feature a number of clear-cut instances where Old Testament figures can be understood to prefigure events in the New Testament. Examples are cited from the North Cross at Castledermot, the Market Cross at Kells and Muiredach's Cross at Monasterboice. Two further panels are here re-interpreted as prefiguration scenes: The Fall of Jericho on the Tall Cross at Monasterboice and Joseph and the Pharaoh's Butler on the Cross of the Scriptures at Clonmacnoise. Acceptance of the latter interpretation implies that this cross need no longer be associated with the erection of the Cathedral at the site in 909, and could open the way to a potential dating of this and similar crosses to the late ninth century.","PeriodicalId":43075,"journal":{"name":"PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL IRISH ACADEMY SECTION C-ARCHAEOLOGY CELTIC STUDIES HISTORY LINGUISTICS LITERATURE","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78687709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In Retrospect: Neolithic activity at Knockadoon, Lough Gur, Co. Limerick, 50 years on","authors":"G. Cooney","doi":"10.3318/PRIC.2007.107.1.215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3318/PRIC.2007.107.1.215","url":null,"abstract":"Sean P. O Riordain, MRIA, Professor of Celtic Archaeology at University College Dublin (UCD), died in 1957 at the age of 52. He was at the peak of his career, engaged in an ongoing research project at Tara where he had undertaken excavations at the Rath of the Synods (Raith na Seanad, Grogan et al. forthcoming), Raith na Rig (Roche 2002) and the Mound of the Hostages (Duma na nGiall) where a further season of work was carried out by his successor in UCD, Professor Ruaidhri de Valera (O' Sullivan 2005). O Riordain 's work at Tara turned out to be the final act of a very impressive engagement in archaeological research, much of it published in the Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy. His papers published therein included those on his series of excavations on the Curragh, Co. Kildare (O Riordain 1950a); his consideration of Roman material in Ireland (O Riordain 1947a); and major excavations at Cush, Co. Limerick (O Riordain 1940), Garranes, Co. Cork (O Riordain 1942), Ballycatteen, Co. Cork (O Riordain and Hartnett 1943), and Letterkeen, Co. Mayo (O Riordain and MacDermott 1 952); that made a very significant contribution to our understanding of early Christian or early medieval Ireland. The co-authored volume on Newgrange and the Bend of the Boyne that appeared after his death (O Riordain and Daniel 1964) demonstrated that he was also very actively involved in the study of the passage tombs of the Bend of the Boyne. Sean P. O Riordain 's impact on Irish archaeology has been outlined in various papers (O'Kelly 1957; Cooney 1997a; de hoir 2002; Wallace 2004; Waddell 2005, 225-6) and as Waddell (2005, 225) has commented O Riordain 's work at Lough Gur occupies a central place in his achievement and career. From 1936 to 1954 (with a break in 1952-3) he worked in the Lough Gur area of south-east Co. Limerick, where as he put it, 'there is a small lake set in a group of limestone hills' (O Riordain 1954, 298). Fifty years on, his research programme in this area still ranks as arguably the most intensive excavation-based investigation of a landscape anywhere in Ireland (Grogan 2005a, 47), matched in scale only over the last decade or so by the archaeological survey and excavation associated with major infrastructural developments such as motorways. O Riordain 's work built on existing research (Windle 1912; O'Kelly 1942, 1943a, 1943b, 1944) and involved the","PeriodicalId":43075,"journal":{"name":"PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL IRISH ACADEMY SECTION C-ARCHAEOLOGY CELTIC STUDIES HISTORY LINGUISTICS LITERATURE","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78690821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Five Irish psalter texts","authors":"M. McNamara","doi":"10.3318/PRIAC.2009.109.37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3318/PRIAC.2009.109.37","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:In 1973 the present writer published an essay on the psalms in the early Irish Church (from AD 600 to 1200). In this he reviewed the material available for a study of the subject and gave a more detailed examination of some of the texts. The present work intends to supplement the 1973 essay. It concentrates on three central topics: (1) the full collation of a hitherto unstudied text, the fragments of an Irish Hebraicum Psalter in MS. Paris, Bibliothèque Nationale de France (BNF) fr. 2452 (tenth century), fols 75-84, which on analysis is revealed as an early representative of the typical Irish recension of the Hebraicum (AKI—the sigla for the psalter text of the three MSS Amiatinus, Florence, Biblioteca Mediceo-Laurenziana Amiatino I; Karlsruhe, Landesbibliothek Augienis XXXVIII; Rouen, Bibliothèque municipale 24 [A. 41]); (2) a more detailed examination of the Psalter ofCormac (thirteenth century); and (3) of the so-called Psalter ofCaimin (c. 1100). With these, two comments on two other psalters are also given (that in the 'Reference Bible' and the Double Psalter of St-Ouen) while a preliminary section treats of texts having a bearing on the understanding of the psalter in Ireland (the Tituli psalmorum attributed to Bede; psalm prologues and biblical canticles and psalm prayers).","PeriodicalId":43075,"journal":{"name":"PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL IRISH ACADEMY SECTION C-ARCHAEOLOGY CELTIC STUDIES HISTORY LINGUISTICS LITERATURE","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78706203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conflicting loyalties: the Irish Franciscans and the English Crown in the High Middle Ages","authors":"A. Müller","doi":"10.3318/PRIC.2007.107.87","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3318/PRIC.2007.107.87","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This paper seeks to identify the ways in which religious orders dealt with the problem of conflicting loyalties in the medieval period in Ireland. The English crown expected the Franciscan community to play a vital part in the Anglicisation of the Irish church, usually by way of nominating members of the order to episcopal sees. These appointments could have considerable implications from a political point of view and often resulted in ethnic divisions among the Franciscan bishops. Furthermore, from the second generation of friars onwards, the problem of conflicting loyalties spread to the Franciscan communities in Ireland. In addition to these issues, this article will examine how both the order's own authorities and the secular rulers reacted to disobedience and divided loyalties. The aim of the ecclesiastical authorities was to restore unity to the Franciscan order in this fringe province, while the intention of the English crown was to weaken the influence of the Irish faction within the order, especially in the English colony.","PeriodicalId":43075,"journal":{"name":"PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL IRISH ACADEMY SECTION C-ARCHAEOLOGY CELTIC STUDIES HISTORY LINGUISTICS LITERATURE","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76405353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In Retrospect: Replication of Foucault's pendulum experiment in Dublin","authors":"P. Lynch","doi":"10.3318/priac.2016.116.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3318/priac.2016.116.03","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Léon Foucault's pendulum experiment in 1851 generated widespread interest. The experiment was repeated in numerous locations in Europe and the United States of America. The more careful of these demonstrations confirmed the effect of the Earth's rotation on the precession of the swing-plane of the pendulum. A set of pendulum experiments were carried out by Joseph Galbraith and Samuel Haughton in Dublin and a comprehensive mathematical analysis of them was published in 1851.","PeriodicalId":43075,"journal":{"name":"PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL IRISH ACADEMY SECTION C-ARCHAEOLOGY CELTIC STUDIES HISTORY LINGUISTICS LITERATURE","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76883523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Keeping up appearances: redecorating the domestic interior in late eighteenth-century Dublin","authors":"Conor Lucey","doi":"10.3318/PRIAC.2010.111.169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3318/PRIAC.2010.111.169","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:The fashion for neoclassical interior decoration in Dublin, prevalent from the early 1770s to c. 1800, was also reflected in the updating of older houses in the new style. While it is tempting to view such redecorating projects as evidence solely of eighteenth-century modishness—the domestic interior embodying a conspicuous display of social status and prescient attitudes to fashion and taste—it is clear that practical considerations, such as the maintenance and refurbishment of rooms, were equally imperative. This paper will explore the variety of motives, as well as the range of options—from the remodelling of particular apartments to the repair and restoration of furnishings—available to the eighteenth-century home-owner.","PeriodicalId":43075,"journal":{"name":"PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL IRISH ACADEMY SECTION C-ARCHAEOLOGY CELTIC STUDIES HISTORY LINGUISTICS LITERATURE","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74661137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanisms of monument-destruction in nineteenth-century Ireland: antiquarian horror, Cromwell and gold-dreaming","authors":"Máirín Ní Cheallaigh","doi":"10.3318/PRIC.2007.107.127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3318/PRIC.2007.107.127","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Irish antiquarian publications of the nineteenth century often charted the contemporary destruction and dissolution of archaeological monuments throughout the island of Ireland with disapproval, melancholy or indignation. In this paper, I argue that the survival or otherwise of monuments was related to their perceived role as containers of memory. Thus, destructive acts may have reflected the loss of memories or accommodations between competing ways of attaching value to monuments. While forces operating at a broad social scale were frequently blamed for this destruction, it is my contention that mechanisms facilitating the removal or alteration of monuments were incorporated into the various belief systems that ostensibly guaranteed their protection. These mechanisms included the translation of monuments into monetary resources. They also included the negotiation of changing social, economic and political understandings (including 'modernity') through interactions with the physical fabric of sites.","PeriodicalId":43075,"journal":{"name":"PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL IRISH ACADEMY SECTION C-ARCHAEOLOGY CELTIC STUDIES HISTORY LINGUISTICS LITERATURE","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72368131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}