Primenjena Psihologija最新文献_第4页

Should I be bothered or not? Development of the Environmental Attitudes Scale (EAS) 我该不该被打扰?制定环境态度量表(EAS)

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Primenjena Psihologija Pub Date : 2022-11-17 DOI: 10.19090/pp.v15i3.2385

D. Hinić

引用次数: 0

Relationship between the Broader Autism Phenotype and empathy among students 广义自闭症表型与学生移情的关系

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Primenjena Psihologija Pub Date : 2022-11-17 DOI: 10.19090/pp.v15i3.2381

Bojan Dučić, Svetlana Kaljača, I. Stojković

{"title":"Relationship between the Broader Autism Phenotype and empathy among students","authors":"Bojan Dučić, Svetlana Kaljača, I. Stojković","doi":"10.19090/pp.v15i3.2381","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19090/pp.v15i3.2381","url":null,"abstract":"Previous research has shown that persons with a higher level of the broad autism phenotype (BAP) experience deficits in empathy. The aim of the present study is to investigate a multivariate relationship between the BAP and different aspects of empathy. In a sample of 293 university students, we explored the relationship between the BAP and the following aspects of empathy: fantasy, empathic concern, perspective taking, and personal distress. The BAP level was measured using The Broad Autism Phenotype Questionnaire (BAPQ), and the Interpersonal Reactivity Index was used for multidimensional assessment of empathy disposition. Canonical correlation analysis yielded two functions (Function 1 ̶ Rc2 = 17.31%, Function 2 ̶ Rc2 = 10.82%). In Function 1, IRI subscales Personal Distress (PD) (rs = .92) and Perspective Taking (PT) (rs = -.39) are associated significantly with all three domains of the BAP. The strongest correlation PD and PT show with Rigid and Pragmatic Language domains of the BAP, while they demonstrate a weaker relationship with the Aloofness domain. In Function 2, IRI subscales Empathic Concern (EC) (rs = -.98), Fantasy (FS) (rs = -.46), PT (rs = -.43) and PD (rs = -.31) are related to the Aloofness domain of the BAP. The results imply that the relationship between BAP and empathy differs for different aspects of these two constructs. The more detailed understanding of the relationship between BAP and empathy obtained through the multivariate approach provides a basis from which to create programs for the more efficient promotion of empathy skills.","PeriodicalId":43074,"journal":{"name":"Primenjena Psihologija","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48221131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Temperament and character differences in psychopathic and non-psychopathic antisocial adolescents 心理变态与非心理变态反社会青少年的气质与性格差异

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Primenjena Psihologija Pub Date : 2022-05-25 DOI: 10.19090/pp.v15i2.2388

V. Šobot, S. Ivanović Kovačević, A. Vejnović, D. Šegan, J. Milatović

{"title":"Temperament and character differences in psychopathic and non-psychopathic antisocial adolescents","authors":"V. Šobot, S. Ivanović Kovačević, A. Vejnović, D. Šegan, J. Milatović","doi":"10.19090/pp.v15i2.2388","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19090/pp.v15i2.2388","url":null,"abstract":"The present study tested the possibility of distinguishing between different types of antisocial adolescents based on psychopathic characteristics, and the differences between antisocial adolescents of different ages and subtypes in relation to the Cloninger's personality dimension. The sample included 101 antisocial male adolescents, divided into two age groups (71 respondents in the 13-17 age group and 30 in the 18-25 age group). After conducting model-based cluster analyses, non-psychopathic type (without pronounced signs of psychopathy) and psychopathic type (with pronounced antisocial, lifestyle and interpersonal facet) (Hare’s model) were singled out in the whole sample. Within the psychopathic type, in comparison with juveniles, older adolescents showed a significantly lower expression of character dimensions of Self-directedness and Cooperativeness, which are key in determining all personality disorders. Within the group of juvenile offenders, members of the two subtypes did not differ significantly in temperament and character, which indicates that juveniles are in the process of personality development, especially when it comes to their character, so they are more susceptible to treatment and their outcomes are uncertain. The results suggest that the inflation of psychopathic scores may occur in juveniles due to the identification of developmental features of adolescence (impulsivity, immaturity) as psychopathic, which implies the need to apply basic personality models in the assessment of antisocial adolescent.","PeriodicalId":43074,"journal":{"name":"Primenjena Psihologija","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48294019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Structure of darkness: The Dark Triad, the ‘Dark’ Empathy and the ‘Dark’ Narcissism 黑暗的结构:黑暗三位一体，“黑暗”共情和“黑暗”自恋

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Primenjena Psihologija Pub Date : 2022-05-25 DOI: 10.19090/pp.v15i2.2380

V. Gojković, Jelena Dostanic, Veljko Đurić

{"title":"Structure of darkness: The Dark Triad, the ‘Dark’ Empathy and the ‘Dark’ Narcissism","authors":"V. Gojković, Jelena Dostanic, Veljko Đurić","doi":"10.19090/pp.v15i2.2380","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19090/pp.v15i2.2380","url":null,"abstract":"While it is universally agreed that empathy deficit is a necessary condition for the dark roster membership, the literature provides no consensus regarding differential associations between individual Dark Triad traits with cognitive and affective empathy. With this in mind, we have investigated topology of the network consisting of Affective and Cognitive Measure of Empathy, Narcissistic Admiration and Rivalry Questionnaire, and Short Dark Triad traits (SD3). The network analysis disclosed cohesive configuration of multiply connected study variables, thus confirming their aversive coaction. Two main axes of study variables were identified: the ‘dark’ affective dissonance-rivalry-psychopathy axis, and the ‘brighter’ admiration-SD3 narcissism axis; each characterized by its specific manifestation of empathic deficit. Affective dissonance was the most central while affective resonance was the most redundant node of the network. Rivalry — a node connecting the two axes — had the greatest strength in the network and was closer to affective dissonance than to psychopathy. Involvement of affective dissonance uncovered the dual nature of Machiavellianism by shifting it away from psychopathy and closer to narcissism. Overall, by use of structural information not accessible by other means, this study substantiates the proposition about the essential role of distinct empathic deficits in the constellation of antagonistic traits.","PeriodicalId":43074,"journal":{"name":"Primenjena Psihologija","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48266565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

The effect of a dyslexia-specific Cyrillic font, LexiaD, on reading speed: further exploration in adolescents with and without dyslexia 特定于阅读障碍的西里尔字母LexiaD对阅读速度的影响：在有和没有阅读障碍的青少年中的进一步探索

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Primenjena Psihologija Pub Date : 2022-05-25 DOI: 10.19090/pp.v15i2.2373

S. Alexeeva, Vladislav Zubov, A. Konina

{"title":"The effect of a dyslexia-specific Cyrillic font, LexiaD, on reading speed: further exploration in adolescents with and without dyslexia","authors":"S. Alexeeva, Vladislav Zubov, A. Konina","doi":"10.19090/pp.v15i2.2373","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19090/pp.v15i2.2373","url":null,"abstract":"The current study aims to test the assumption that a specially designed Cyrillic font, LexiaD, can assist adolescents with persistent reading problems and facilitate their reading experience. LexiaD was compared with the widely used Arial font. Two groups of adolescents with dyslexia (N = 34) and without dyslexia (N = 28) silently read 144 sentences from the Russian Sentence Corpus (Laurinavichyute et al., 2019), some of which were presented in LexiaD, and others in Arial, while their eye movements were recorded. LexiaD did not show the desired effect for adolescents at the beginning of the experiment: Arial outperformed it in reading speed in both participant groups. By the end of the experiment, LexiaD outperformed Arial, and although the speed of the higher-level cognitive processing (e.g., lexical access) in both fonts did not differ significantly, the feature extraction was found to be better in LexiaD than in Arial. Thus, we found some positive effect of LexiaD when participants with and without dyslexia got accustomed to it. A follow-up study with an explicit exposure session is needed to confirm this conclusion.","PeriodicalId":43074,"journal":{"name":"Primenjena Psihologija","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46424390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Does Changing the Font Type Affect the Processing of Words Written in Cyrillic and Latin Alphabet? 改变字体类型会影响西里尔字母和拉丁字母单词的处理吗？

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Primenjena Psihologija Pub Date : 2022-05-25 DOI: 10.19090/pp.v15i2.2359

Jovana Tešinović, Svetlana Borojević, Strahinja Dimitrijević

{"title":"Does Changing the Font Type Affect the Processing of Words Written in Cyrillic and Latin Alphabet?","authors":"Jovana Tešinović, Svetlana Borojević, Strahinja Dimitrijević","doi":"10.19090/pp.v15i2.2359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19090/pp.v15i2.2359","url":null,"abstract":"To understand the reading process, it is necessary to explore the mechanisms of visual word recognition. The basic level of that recognition is the processing of letters, their size and visual identity. The specificity of the Serbian language is characterized by the parallel use of two alphabetic systems – Latin and Cyrillic, which contain a number of common, but also their own unique letters. Since some of the differences between the fonts are based on visual specific aditions at the end of letter's lines, there is also a significant contribution of fonts in letter recognition and reading. The main goal of this study is to examine the effect of font type on the processing of Latin and Cyrillic words. The aim was also to examine the effect of letter degradation on the word processing in these two alphabetic systems. The study included two experiments with Latin and Cyrillic words written in lowercase and uppercase. Participants were 221 students from the University of Banja Luka. Three factors were varied in both experiments: alphabet, “visual availability” (which refers to the visibility of words after degradation), and font type. Two analyses were performed ANOVA by subject (F1 analysis) and ANOVA by item (F2 analysis). Results show that there is a main effect of visual availability on processing speed of words. Visual degradation has slowed reaction time, but this effect is not the same in Latin and Cyrillic words. Significant interaction of font and alphabet is confirmed only in F2 analysis, so these results have limited validity. This study also revealed differences between lowercase and uppercase. Degradation of lowercase was more detrimental that degradation of uppercase. The obtained results indicate that word processing in two alphabetic systems can be partly explained by the visual characteristics and grapheme structure of their letters.","PeriodicalId":43074,"journal":{"name":"Primenjena Psihologija","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41445155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Establishing physical functioning, quality of life and well-being during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Croatia 在克罗地亚第一波新冠肺炎大流行期间建立身体功能、生活质量和福祉

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Primenjena Psihologija Pub Date : 2022-05-25 DOI: 10.19090/pp.v15i2.2350

I. Šklempe Kokić, I. Duvnjak, Danijela Kuna

{"title":"Establishing physical functioning, quality of life and well-being during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Croatia","authors":"I. Šklempe Kokić, I. Duvnjak, Danijela Kuna","doi":"10.19090/pp.v15i2.2350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19090/pp.v15i2.2350","url":null,"abstract":"The sudden emergence of COVID-19 has led to the confinement of people in homes around the world. In Croatia as well, people were in self-isolation and stayed at home. Since confinement conditions may greatly affect physical and mental health, we investigated the scope of physical activity (PA), well-being and quality of life. A total of 580 adults were surveyed online about PA and health-related quality of life during the lockdown in Croatia. The results have shown that men are more involved in vigorous-intensity PA and have better physical and mental health in almost all domains. When comparing respondents regarding categories of PA, participants with high levels of PA function better physically, have fewer role limitations due to emotional problems and have higher levels of emotional well-being, vitality, and general health. Males, participants with lower BMI, fewer role limitations due to emotional problems, greater vitality and better social functioning have better physical health. Participants who consider that their PA is adequate and engage more in PA, who have fewer role limitations due to physical health, less physical pain, and better general health have better mental health. The results provide insights into the physical and mental components of health during the pandemic. This supports the premise that physical and mental health are highly dependent, and that there is a need to promote the importance of PA, especially for women and those who are less physically active in pandemic times.","PeriodicalId":43074,"journal":{"name":"Primenjena Psihologija","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45172018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Validation of the Serbian Adaptation of the Self-Absorption Scale 自我吸收量表塞尔维亚语适应性的验证

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Primenjena Psihologija Pub Date : 2022-03-10 DOI: 10.19090/pp.v15i1.2351

S. Kostic, D. Stanojević

引用次数: 0

The relevance of authenticity to clinical distress: Reaffirming the role of self-alienation 真实性与临床痛苦的相关性：重申自我异化的作用

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Primenjena Psihologija Pub Date : 2022-03-10 DOI: 10.19090/pp.v15i1.2361

Katerina Naumova, Florijan Naumov

{"title":"The relevance of authenticity to clinical distress: Reaffirming the role of self-alienation","authors":"Katerina Naumova, Florijan Naumov","doi":"10.19090/pp.v15i1.2361","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19090/pp.v15i1.2361","url":null,"abstract":"Several counselling psychology perspectives have argued that authenticity should be the primary goal of treatment, while defining alienation from the self as the root cause of distress and psychopathological suffering. Recent findings have provided evidence that the tripartite model of dispositional authenticity based on Rogers’ person-centered theory can predict mental well-being. Considering the lack of research in clinical samples, this study examined the unique predictive utility of trait authenticity for distress in outpatients seeking counselling (N = 105, 58% female; age range: 18-65) and demographically matched controls (N = 102, 62% female; age range: 18-52 years). Most of the outpatients were diagnosed with anxiety and/or mood disorders, while the controls were screened for utilization of mental health services. Results revealed higher self-alienation and acceptance of external influence in the clinical sample, as well as higher neuroticism and symptomatic and overall distress relative to controls. Only self-alienation was able to account for unique variance in clinical distress in outpatients, above and beyond neuroticism, reaffirming the assumption that the greater the discrepancy between actual experiences and their symbolization, the greater the risk of psychological dysfunction. The findings further revealed a differentiated role of self-alienation relative to the severity of experienced distress and a need to examine causal links with neuroticism. Implications regarding clinical practice and the measurement of authenticity as treatment outcome are discussed.","PeriodicalId":43074,"journal":{"name":"Primenjena Psihologija","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46849927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Basic values as predictors of leisure-time activities among adolescents 基本价值观对青少年休闲时间活动的预测作用

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Primenjena Psihologija Pub Date : 2022-03-10 DOI: 10.19090/pp.v15i1.2349

Z. Pavlović, Ivana Stepanović Ilić

{"title":"Basic values as predictors of leisure-time activities among adolescents","authors":"Z. Pavlović, Ivana Stepanović Ilić","doi":"10.19090/pp.v15i1.2349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19090/pp.v15i1.2349","url":null,"abstract":"The main goal of the study is to analyse a rarely investigated relationship between leisure-time activities and Schwartz’s 10 basic values in adolescents. The sample included 1,349 Serbian high-school students (44% boys; 62% vocational schools). The leisure-time questionnaire consisted of groups of items related to hobbies, sports, following different themes/shows in the media (TV, Internet, magazines), listening to music, going out, attending cultural and sports events, activities on the Internet and social networking sites usage. Values (Self-direction, Stimulation, Hedonism, Achievement, Power, Security, Conformity, Tradition, Benevolence and Universalism) were examined by the PVQ21 questionnaire. Factor analysis yielded seven factors of leisure activities (45.96% explained variance), defined by the following contents: pop culture; music, culture & arts; movies, TV shows and the internet; science & politics; IT; going out; sports. Correlation analysis showed that the assessment of different activities was significantly related to the distinctive sets of basic values, which was additionally confirmed by multiple regression analysis including basic values as predictors and demographic variables as controls. The main conclusion of the research is that values are important motivators of activities during free time and that different values are mostly expressed through different activities, but also that different activities can be motivated by the same basic values.","PeriodicalId":43074,"journal":{"name":"Primenjena Psihologija","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43517352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2