Current Issues in Personality Psychology最新文献

{"title":"Factors affecting loneliness among left-behind children.","authors":"Luot V Nguyen, Thu T A Nguyen, Linh T Trinh, Hanh H V Nguyen","doi":"10.5114/cipp/162007","DOIUrl":"10.5114/cipp/162007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In Vietnam, research on the impact of parental migration on left-behind children (LBC) has discussed various dimensions of the subject such as subjective well-being, emotional states, social skills, self-esteem and nutrition of LBC. However, there are still gaps in studies on loneliness among LBC in Vietnam. The study aims to explore the status of loneliness in LBC, including associated protective and risk factors, to make suggestions on preventive measures against LBC's loneliness.</p><p><strong>Participants and procedure: </strong>The conveniently selected sample includes 439 LBC in 4 Vietnamese provinces: Thai Nguyen, Bac Ninh, Thai Binh and Nghe An. The mean age is 12.73 (<i>SD</i> = 1.68). Female children account for 47.80%. The Children's Loneliness Scale was employed in the study.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The total loneliness score of LBC is 28.62 (<i>SD</i> = 9.40), 95% CI: 27.75-29.48. Perceived social support from friends, caregivers and resilience factors of affect control (RAC), family support (RFS) and help-seeking (RHS) are protective factors for loneliness of LBC, with regression coefficient of -.27, -.18, -.11, -.11 and -.09 respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Perceived social support from friends, care-giving attachment and resilience factors of RAC, RFS, and RHS are protective factors for LBC against loneliness. Parents, teachers and guardians are encouraged to have a close connection with LBC, provide adequate care giving; and create a supportive environment for LBC in pursuing healthy peer relationships and train/improve children's skills to strengthen their resilience.</p>","PeriodicalId":43067,"journal":{"name":"Current Issues in Personality Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11094462/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89295397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examining the links between self-tracking and perfectionism dimensions.","authors":"Robert Körner, Astrid Schütz","doi":"10.5114/CIPP/159170","DOIUrl":"10.5114/CIPP/159170","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Self-tracking - the collection, storage, analysis, and evaluation of self-related data (e.g., on one's diet, fitness activities, sports performance, or finances) - is a recent and widespread trend. Less is known about who engages in self-tracking. We expected perfectionism to be linked to self-tracking because performance optimization is central to this activity.</p><p><strong>Participants and procedure: </strong>A German convenience sample (<i>N</i> = 145; 64% women, mean age = 32 years) was recruited for this cross-sectional study. The sample comprised a mix of students and community participants. Participants completed an online questionnaire with scales on self-tracking (Self Quantification Scale), perfectionism (Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale with subscales striving for achievement and evaluative concerns), and personality (Big Five Inventory-10).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Using a two-dimensional conceptualization of perfectionism and controlling for the Big Five, we found that striving for achievement was strongly positively related to self-tracking, whereas evaluative concerns was not significantly linked. Apparently, people who set high goals and want to meet high standards are more likely than others to engage in self-tracking. However, people's engagement in self-tracking was independent of their personality.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results point to the importance of distinguishing between different perfectionism dimensions in relation to self-tracking. Future research could explore additional performance-related traits (e.g., grit) to expand the understanding of self-tracking.</p>","PeriodicalId":43067,"journal":{"name":"Current Issues in Personality Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10699291/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88415783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A desire for a loud car with a modified muffler is predicted by being a man and higher scores on psychopathy and sadism.","authors":"Julie Aitken Schermer","doi":"10.5114/CIPP/162006","DOIUrl":"10.5114/CIPP/162006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Although people are familiar with loud automobiles, equipped with modified mufflers to increase the volume, it is unclear who is most attracted to these vehicles.</p><p><strong>Participants and procedure: </strong>A sample of 529 (52% men) undergraduate business students were surveyed and were asked if they viewed their car as an extension of themselves, how much they thought loud cars were \"cool\", and if they would make their car louder with muffler modifications. Cronbach's α of the three car items was .76; therefore an aggregate was generated. Also a self-report measure of the dark tetrad was completed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Using linear regression, the car aggregate was predicted by being a man and having higher scores on psychopathy and sadism, with the model accounting for approximately 29% of the variance.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>As car modifications are illegal in some countries, these findings may be of interest to those heading campaigns to halt these activities.</p>","PeriodicalId":43067,"journal":{"name":"Current Issues in Personality Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10699294/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82408988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Developmental figures: an attempt at conceptualization and classification.","authors":"Lucyna T Bakieras","doi":"10.5114/cipp/159726","DOIUrl":"10.5114/cipp/159726","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The subject of this paper deals with the theoretical area of personality psychology and life-span psychology. This paper presents a novel approach to the social context of personal development, as a certain terminological gap regarding the category of the developmental figure has been observed. I propose that the developmental figure be defined, analogically to the attachment figure or the transition figure, as an individual who has significant meaning to another person's psychosocial development. Developmental figures can be categorized on the basis of various criteria; for example, based on the type of implications for development we can identify progressive and regressive figures; based on the strength of the influence we identify primary and secondary figures; based on the type of social relation we can identify direct and indirect figures; and based on the duration of the influence we can identify sporadic and frequent interactions.</p>","PeriodicalId":43067,"journal":{"name":"Current Issues in Personality Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10535554/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81850712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond humor styles: the nature of humor types and differences in basic personality traits from Zuckerman's Alternative Five-Factor Model.","authors":"Đorđe Čekrlija, Julie A Schermer, Petar Mrđa","doi":"10.5114/cipp/159941","DOIUrl":"10.5114/cipp/159941","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Findings show that the complex nature of humor and its personality basis can be more comprehensively understood if humor styles are analyzed simultaneously within humor types, rather than separately.</p><p><strong>Participants and procedure: </strong>Utilizing two independent samples (<i>N1</i> = 253, <i>N2</i> = 353) of self-report responses to the Humor Styles Questionnaire (HSQ) and the Zuckerman-Kuhlman-Aluja Personality Questionnaire-Short Form, this paper outlines how the HSQ responses result in three humor use types following cluster analysis. Cluster differences in humor styles and personality traits were analyzed using ANOVA.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In both samples, a humor type characteristic of individuals who scored lower in the positive and higher in the negative humor styles was revealed. People within this humor type also scored significantly higher in the personality measures of neuroticism and aggressiveness. A second humor type replicated in the two studies described individuals scoring higher for each of the four humor styles. People within this type also scored significantly higher on extraversion and sensation seeking, suggesting a need for cortical arousal. The third humor type members scored lower in each of the humor styles (apart from the affiliative humor style scores for one of the samples). This humor type requires further investigation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In general, humor types provide an additional understanding of humor use as people within the types differ for specific personality dimensions.</p>","PeriodicalId":43067,"journal":{"name":"Current Issues in Personality Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11094457/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76481294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and initial validation of the Daily Goal Realization Scale.","authors":"Mariola Łaguna, Emilia Mielniczuk, Wiktor Razmus","doi":"10.5114/cipp/155945","DOIUrl":"10.5114/cipp/155945","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This paper presents the results of three studies allowing the design and initial validation of the Daily Goal Realization Scale (DGRS). Goal realization refers to the engagement in goal-directed behavior that leads to progress in personal goal attainment; it is considered one of the adaptive personal characteristics.</p><p><strong>Participants and procedure: </strong>Three studies, including an initial study to develop and select the items (Study 1), an intensive longitudinal study (Study 2), and a multiple goal evaluation study (Study 3), tested factorial structure, reliability and validity of the measure.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Multilevel confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the unidimensional structure of the DGRS (obtained in Study 1) both at the individual and goal level, captured as daily goal realization (Study 2) and as multiple goal realization (Study 3). The validity of the DGRS was supported by meaningful associations with other goal evaluations (Study 3). As expected, the DGRS was positively related to evaluations of progress in goal achievement, engagement, likelihood of success, and goal importance. The DGRS also demonstrated measurement invariance allowing for meaningful comparisons of scores between men and women.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings indicate that the DGRS is a brief and reliable idiographic measure of daily goal realization. The scale has excellent internal consistency and good criterion validity.</p>","PeriodicalId":43067,"journal":{"name":"Current Issues in Personality Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10654345/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82684058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Individual differences and personality traits across situations.","authors":"Julian A Nasello, Jean-Marc Triffaux, Michel Hansenne","doi":"10.5114/cipp/159942","DOIUrl":"10.5114/cipp/159942","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>According to the Big Five theory, personality can be classified into five traits (i.e., extraversion, neuroticism, conscientiousness, agreeableness, and openness), and past research showed that situations impact personality. In the present study, (1) we measured which of these five personality traits changed according to different situations and (2) tested whether the across-situation variability (ASV; i.e., a continuous variable showing how much people change their personality traits according to situations) was significantly connected with specific personality domains, revealing a potential marker of personality disturbance.</p><p><strong>Participants and procedure: </strong>We recruited 80 participants (40 women) to complete the five situation-version (family, work, friends, romantic partner, and hobbies/leisure) of the Big Five Inventory to measure whether personality traits significantly changed across these situations. In addition, we ran a network analysis to reveal how the ASV is related to personality traits.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The findings showed that all traits significantly changed across the situations, except openness, which remained stable. The network analysis revealed that the ASV variable was especially connected with conscientiousness (in romantic partner and family situations).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Most personality traits were flexible, showing how important it is to consider the role of situations in the study of personality. Openness appeared to be particularly stable and understanding its nature represents a challenge for future studies. Finally, the network analysis demonstrated that the ASV shows specific connections with conscientiousness and might be a potential psychopathology marker.</p>","PeriodicalId":43067,"journal":{"name":"Current Issues in Personality Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11129046/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86017078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Demographic factors, personality, and executive functions as predictors of procrastination in Polish and Ukrainian youth.","authors":"Katarzyna Markiewicz, Lidiya Oryshchyn-Buzhdyhan","doi":"10.5114/cipp/159168","DOIUrl":"10.5114/cipp/159168","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Procrastination is an irrational and unproductive behavior that disrupts psychological well-being and the quality of interpersonal relationships. The study aimed to determine the differences between Polish and Ukrainian youth in procrastinating and establish personality and executive functions as predictors of procrastination. Also, cultural differences were taken into account.</p><p><strong>Participants and procedure: </strong>It included 180 students (86 females and 94 males) aged 12 to 17; 84 lived in Lublin, Poland, while 96 lived in Lviv, Ukraine. The Pure Procrastination Scale, Ten Item Personality Inventory, and Comprehensive Executive Function Inventory were used.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were no significant differences in the level of procrastination between the whole Polish and Ukrainian groups, but age was an important predictor of procrastination. Gender was not a differentiating factor within the Polish or Ukrainian group. The most stable negative set of predictors of procrastination appeared to be age, agreeableness, and inhibitory control. These traits can be helpful in dealing with procrastination tendencies.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our research shows that an ability to control procrastination depends more on predispositions related to personality traits than on executive function improvement linked to the maturation of the frontal lobes. Combining the demographic, personality, and executive variables showed that students in the older age groups were more resistant to procrastination.</p>","PeriodicalId":43067,"journal":{"name":"Current Issues in Personality Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10654339/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73852430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HEXACO personality factors as predictors of physical activity, resting heart rate, body mass index, and healthy lifestyle behaviors.","authors":"Jonathan R Anderson, Myra J Bloom, Wyatt T Broshous, Gladys Y X Chen, Scarlet R Jost, Andrew Lang, Luiz C Lima da Silva Neto, Nancy V Mankin, Ericka R McMahan, Jonathan A Merheb, Philip P Nelson, Enrique F Valderrama-Araya","doi":"10.5114/cipp/159157","DOIUrl":"10.5114/cipp/159157","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Personality traits are known factors that may influence levels of physical activity and other healthy lifestyle measures and behaviors that ultimately lead to health problems later in life.</p><p><strong>Participants and procedure: </strong>The aim of this study was to examine the association between personality traits (HEXACO) and levels of physical activity and resting heart rate (RHR) - measured using Fitbits, BMI, and a self-reported whole-person healthy lifestyle score for <i>N</i> = 2580 college students. Data were collected and analyzed for students enrolled in a University Success type course from August 2017 to May 2021. The relationships between HEXACO personality traits and various physical activity and healthy lifestyle behaviors were analyzed by building several multiple regression models using R version 4.0.2.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In general, students who are extraverted were more physically active and students who are more open to experience had a higher RHR, even when controlling for gender. Females and males however had different profiles as to how personality influenced physical activity and other health-related measures. Male extraverts with high negative emotionality scores tend to be more physically active, whereas females tend to be more physically active when they were high in extroversion and conscientiousness, and low in openness to experience. BMI values were higher for female participants with high honesty-humility and low agreeableness and conscientiousness scores. Females also had a lower RHR for high honesty-humility and emotionality and low conscientiousness scores.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Personality can influence levels of physical activity, RHR, and BMI. This is especially true of women. Being aware of one's personality and the relationship of personality traits to levels of physical activity and other measures of leading a healthy lifestyle can be beneficial in determining strategies to improve long-term health outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":43067,"journal":{"name":"Current Issues in Personality Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11094458/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84487367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polish adaptation of the Inventory of the Dimensions of Emerging Adulthood (IDEA-PL).","authors":"Wanda Zagórska, Ilona Skoczeń, Anna Lipska, Jeffrey J Arnett","doi":"10.5114/cipp/159277","DOIUrl":"10.5114/cipp/159277","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Emerging adulthood refers to a new phase in life that is related to the transition period from adolescence to adulthood. The concept spread around the world and has been examined in various cultural contexts. This article aims to introduce a Polish adaptation of the Inventory of the Dimensions of Emerging Adulthood (IDEA-PL) developed to assess attitudes toward emerging adulthood among young people.</p><p><strong>Participants and procedure: </strong>In total, 1,414 randomly assigned emerging adults aged between 18 and 29 took part in this study. Participants were asked to describe the extent to which they considered their current life as a time of identity exploration, experimentation/possibilities, negativity/instability, self-focused, feeling in-between, and other-focused. Responses were given on a Likert-type scale ranging from 1 (<i>strongly disagree</i>) to 4 (<i>strongly agree</i>).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results were analyzed in two steps: via exploratory factor analysis (EFA) to check the underlying structure of the measure and via confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to assess the model fit. The EFA results showed that the IDEA-PL items loaded onto the originally dedicated six factors; however, some achieved low loadings and/or cross-loadings. In the second step of the analysis, the problematic items were eliminated and the CFA results showed that a five-factor solution with 15 items achieved satisfactory parameters.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In this paper, we introduce a Polish adaptation of the Inventory of the Dimensions of Emerging Adulthood (IDEA-PL). These results add value to the existing literature and scholars and clinicians can use this questionnaire for research and practice purposes.</p>","PeriodicalId":43067,"journal":{"name":"Current Issues in Personality Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10654328/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75779343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}