Pyramid Journal of Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Medico-social factors associated with late presentation in women with cancer of the cervix in Northern Nigeria","authors":"S. Gaya, U. Umar, I. Takai, S. Abubakar","doi":"10.4081/PJM.2021.59","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/PJM.2021.59","url":null,"abstract":"Cancer of the cervix is the commonest gynecological cancer and the leading cause of cancer mortality among women in Africa.Certain social behaviors have been associated with an increased risk of high-risk Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection, which is responsible for virtually all cases of Invasive Cervical Cancer (ICC). Retrospective review of the medico-social and histo-pathologic patterns of cases of cancer of the cervix at the Gynecology Oncology Unit, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano between January 2006 to December 2010 was conducted. The socio-demographic, medical and histological data of each patient were extracted and analyzed. A total of 91 cases of cancer of the cervix were identified. The mean age of the respondents was 48 years (SD±10.2years), mean parity was 7 (SD±3.2) and mean age at first marriage was 15.2 years (SD±1.9years). Most of the patients had being married more than once in their lifetime. Majority of the women were unemployed and over half had no formal education. The commonest presenting complaint and complication respectively was vaginal bleeding (72.5%) and anaemia (45.1%). Most of the patient had advanced stages of the disease (86.8%). Only 18 out of the 91 had undergone HIV testing, with 28% testing positive to the virus. The commonest histologic type of cervical cancer (85.7%) was Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC). There were statistically significant associations between advanced disease and age, parity and number of lifetime marriages. Patients with cancer of the cervix seen at our institution are within the reproductive age group. They are mostly grandmultiparous, have no formal education and have more than one life time marriages. They usually present with late stage disease and of SCC histologically.","PeriodicalId":430358,"journal":{"name":"Pyramid Journal of Medicine","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132954434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accidentally swallowed toothbrush in mentally healthy patient: A case report and review of literature","authors":"U. Bello, M. Atiku","doi":"10.4081/PJM.2021.58","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/PJM.2021.58","url":null,"abstract":"Most ingested foreign bodies are usually passed through the gastrointestinal tract. Ingested toothbrush however is almost never passed due to their long length, which doesn’t negotiate the C-loop of the duodenum. Early endoscopic removal is however recommended to reduce chances of morbidity and mortality. Surgical option is considered when there is failure of endoscopic retrieval or when complication such as duodenal perforation has set in. In this case we present a 40-years-old man who accidentally ingested toothbrush that was removed surgically through mini laparotomy and gastrostomy.","PeriodicalId":430358,"journal":{"name":"Pyramid Journal of Medicine","volume":"97 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133312386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute spinal cord infarction syndrome unusually mimicking Transverse myelitis: A case report","authors":"A. Ibrahim, Aishatu Shuaibu, U. Nuhu, Hauwa A. Aliyu","doi":"10.4081/PJM.2021.110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/PJM.2021.110","url":null,"abstract":"Anterior Spinal Cord Infarction (ASCI) syndrome typically results from ischemia that affects the anterior spinal artery territory characterized by history of sudden onset flaccid paraplegia or quadriplegia depending on the level of the lesion. We describe a 57-years-old woman with sudden onset flaccid weakness of the lower limbs and numbness of the feet of two days duration, preceded by a day history of fever and several episodes of vomiting. Examination initially revealed bilateral hypotonia, hyporeflexia and dense paraplegia, with preservation of dorsal column sensations (fine touch/2-point discrimination, position and vibration sensation). Twenty-four hours thereafter a repeat examination showed hyper-reflexia and extensor plantar response with spastic paraplegia. Thoracic spine Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) revealed thinning of the spinal cord extending from T1 to T9 levels with associated widening of the thecal sac suggestive of anterior spinal cord infarction with no other signal changes seen within the substance.","PeriodicalId":430358,"journal":{"name":"Pyramid Journal of Medicine","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125633042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and types of eye diseases identified by routine screening of medical practitioners in Kano, Northwestern Nigeria","authors":"U. Mijinyawa, L. Abdu, Musbahu S Kurawa, Z. Farouq","doi":"10.4081/pjm.2019.37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/pjm.2019.37","url":null,"abstract":"Ocular screening can identify both nonblinding and potentially blinding conditions. Asymptomatic eye conditions could be detected early and be refer for further reevaluation if identified during screening. Programmed Data generated during CME in Kano were collated and analyzed. Visual acuity was done, and near vision was tested with N-chart. All the participants that needed the screening had slit lamp examination, fundoscopy, and refraction. A total number of 92 participants were examined. Age ranges from 20 to 70 years with mean age of 45±2SD, and male to female ratio of (M:F = 1:0.2). Emmetropia was seen in 34.8%, while presbyopia was seen in 23.9% of cases. Findings were corneal opacity, cataract, and allergic conjunctivitis. Vertical cup disc ratio of ≥0.5 was seen in 12.0% and 9.8% of cases in right and left eye respectively, while 1.1% of the eyes had macula hole. Refractive error for distance, presbyopia and some anterior and posterior segment findings were identified. Majority had normal vision in both eyes with visual acuity of 6/6 to 6/18.","PeriodicalId":430358,"journal":{"name":"Pyramid Journal of Medicine","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125101401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sero-prevalence and risk factors of HIV/AIDS among long distance commercial drivers in Kano State, Nigeria","authors":"U. Usman, Y. A. Misau, Abubakar Muhammad Kurfi, U. Bello, I. Abdullahi","doi":"10.4081/PJM.2019.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/PJM.2019.23","url":null,"abstract":"Migration and mobility have contributed significantly in the spread of Human- Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) globally: more especially among transport corridors. Identifying risk factors of HIV among long distance drivers (LDDs) could provide strategies for more effective preventive intervention. This was a cross-sectional descriptive study design that used multistage sampling technique to select four hundred and thirty-four study participants. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect information and blood for HIV testing. The mean and standard deviation of age of the respondents were 42.3±11.2 years. The sero-prevalence of HIV was 12.5% (95%CI: 8.8-16.3%). On adjusting for confounding effect using logistic regression analysis, the risk factors for HIV were marital status of single [AOR=4.25; (95%CI: 1.97- 9.31)] and separated [AOR=6.07; (95%CI: 5.26-16.45)], monthly income [>100,000.00 AOR=6.11; (95%CI: 1.53-41.97)] and history of extramarital sex [AOR=4.01; (95% CI: 6.07- 10.43)]. Establishment of clinic for treatment of sexually transmitted diseases in a strategic location, scaling up of condom distribution, and effective behavioural change communication were recommended in order to reduce the risk of acquiring HIV infection.","PeriodicalId":430358,"journal":{"name":"Pyramid Journal of Medicine","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115757405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sinonasal diseases in Nigerian primary school children","authors":"W. Adegbiji, A. Aluko","doi":"10.4081/PJM.2019.49","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/PJM.2019.49","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed at determining the prevalence, pattern, sociodemographic features and effect on the quality of life of sinonasal diseases among the primary school children. This community-based descriptive cross-sectional study of school children with sinonasal diseases was carried out between October 2017 and March 2018 in Ibadan-Nigeria, using multistage sampling technique. Data was taken using a pretested, interviewers assisted questionnaire and statistically analyzed using SPSS IBM version 23.0. The prevalence of sinonasal diseases was 21.7% (n=964). Age range was 5-13 years; the mean age was 8.5±2.7. There were 52.6% males and male to female ratio was 1:1. Common sinonasal diseases were allergic rhinitis (37.8%), chronic rhinosinusitis (19.6%), nasal trauma (15.3%), acute rhinosinusitis (11.0%) and foreign body impaction (5.74%). Bilateral sinonasal diseases occurred in 82.3%. Right and left sinonasal diseases accounted for 10.0% and 7.7% respectively. Major presenting complaints were rhinorrhea (73.2%), excessive sneezing (36.4%), nasal blockage/stuffiness (32.5%) and itching (29.7%).Associated complications of sinonasal diseases were mainly orbital complications in 30.1%, pharyngitis in 12.9%, pneumonia in 8.6% and otitis media in 6.7%. Commonly affected qualities of life were fatigue (16.3%), sleep disturbance (12.4%), changes in mood (10.5%) and isolation (8.6%). The prevalence of sinonasal diseases in primary school children was 21.7%. At presentation the majority of the pupils had associated complications and affectation of the quality of life.","PeriodicalId":430358,"journal":{"name":"Pyramid Journal of Medicine","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114678448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Symptomatic giant cavernous hemangioma of the liver in a 42-year-old man","authors":"A. Dambatta","doi":"10.4081/PJM.2019.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/PJM.2019.18","url":null,"abstract":"Most cases of liver hemangioma are asymptomatic and discovered incidentally on liver ultrasound or computed tomography scan. Giant cavernous hemangioma (GCH) are however clinically distinct from smaller asymptomatic ones and may be confused with primary or metastatic malignancy. Symptomatic GCH of the liver are rare. The aim of the study was to show the rare case of symptomatic giant cavernous hemangioma of the liver which may be confuse with primary or metastatic malignancy. The patient’s images (abdominal ultrasound and computed tomography scans) and case file were reviewed and summarized. The subject matter of giant cavernous hemangioma was reviewed in the literature. The index case was discussed and compared with literature. We report a 42-year-old man who presented with a 2-year history of right upper abdominal pain and 6-month history of chest pain. No history of jaundice, body swelling or previous history of blood transfusion. No history of smoking or alcohol consumption. The patient is a known diabetic. Abdominal ultrasound scan showed hepatomegaly with a huge well defined oval shaped mixed echogenic mass lesion with lobulated margins occupying 4th and 5th segments of liver, measuring 84.9×111 mm in size suggestive of adenoma. The remaining hepatic parenchyma was normal. No intrahepatic biliary dilatation was seen. Initial histological examination revealed adenoma. Repeat histology done later however revealed hepatitis. Abdominal CT scan was later carried out and showed hepatomegaly but with no discernible mass lesion on precontrast images. Contrast enhanced images however, showed a fairly rounded mass lesion with peripheral enhancement and delayed filling-in at the venous phase, seen in the superior aspect of the right lobe extending to the dome. The intrahepatic vasculature and biliary ducts are not dilated. A diagnosis of cavernous hemangioma was made based on criteria of delayed (centripetal) filling-in. The patient however was lost to follow up. Hepatic hemangioma can be giant and symptomatic and despite its rarity, may still be encountered in practice.","PeriodicalId":430358,"journal":{"name":"Pyramid Journal of Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115226973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extramedullary plasmacytoma of the nasopharynx: A case report and review of literature","authors":"A. Aluko, Ghazali Hasheem, A. Auwal","doi":"10.4081/PJM.2019.52","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/PJM.2019.52","url":null,"abstract":"Plasmocytoma is a monoclonal neoplasm derived from progenitor B lymphocyte lineage. It rarely occurs as solitary plasmacytoma in 5-10% of all plasma cell tumors. Extramedullary plasmacytoma is even rarer, accounting for 3% of solitary plasmacytoma. Extramedullary plasmacytoma of the nasopharynx was found to be the cause of emergency presentation with upper airway obstruction and dysphagia in a 50 years old man. The patient had an emergency tracheostomy and feeding gastrostomy. Tumor biopsy and histology confirmed plasmacytoma. He was treated with chemoradiation without prior surgical excision and he had satisfactory improvement. This report highlights that a high index of suspicion is needed for early diagnosis and prompt treatment.","PeriodicalId":430358,"journal":{"name":"Pyramid Journal of Medicine","volume":"118 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122493213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ischemic colitis in a known sickle cell disease patient","authors":"A. Dambatta","doi":"10.4081/PJM.2019.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/PJM.2019.17","url":null,"abstract":"Patients affected with sickle cell disease (SCD) suffer from recurrent vascular occlusions that lead to ischemia and distal tissue infarction in multiple organs. These vascular occlusions manifest as sickle cell pain crises. Abdominal pain is common in sickle cell pain crises. It is attributed to vasoocclusion or infarction in the mesenteric vasculature. Progression to significant ischemic damage of the intestine is rare in sickle cell disease. The objective was to show the rare case of ischemic colitis in SCD patient. The patient’s images (plain abdominal x rays and barium enema images) and case file were reviewed and summarized. The subject matter of ischemic colitis in a known SCD was reviewed in the literature. The index case was discussed and compared with literature. We report an 18-year-old known SCD patient diagnosed since childhood but not regular on medication and follow up. The patient presented to SCD clinic of Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital (AKTH), Kano with 2-year history of recurrent blood stained and watery stool associated with abdominal pain and low-grade fever. There was history of easy fatigability and multiple blood transfusions in the past. Other systemic reviews were unremarkable. This man is the only sickle cell anemic child among 9 other siblings of the family, and on presentation, a second-year student of a junior secondary school. Examination revealed a stunted young man, mild pale with a tinge of jaundice. Abdominal examination revealed hepatomegaly 4 cm below the costal margin. The spleen was not enlarged. Other systemic reviews were unremarkable. Latest hemoglobin was 5.7 g/dL. Renal and the liver function tests were normal. Stool microscopy did not isolate ova, cyst or protozoa. Barium enema was then requested and showed loss of haustration and cobblestone appearance involving the entire colon. Fine mucosal granulations were also noted in the rectum. Diagnosis of colitis most probably ischemic was made. The patient was commenced on analgesics and antibiotics including azithromycin and metronidazole and made significant improvement. Ischemic colitis in SCD may still be encountered in practice despite its rarity.","PeriodicalId":430358,"journal":{"name":"Pyramid Journal of Medicine","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129816678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Delayed presentation of congenital diaphragmatic hernia masquerading as pulmonary tuberculosis in a 4-year-old girl","authors":"A. S. Shaaibu, Aliyu Mohammed El-Habeeb, I. Mustapha, Abdulsalam Usman Danjaji","doi":"10.4081/PJM.2019.26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/PJM.2019.26","url":null,"abstract":"Diaphragmatic hernias are defined as congenital or acquired defect in the diaphragm. It is said to be the most common intra-thoracic fetal anomaly with an incidence of 1 in 2200 to 3000 live births and male to female ratio of 2:1.The unusual and misleading presentation of this condition which would cause an unnecessary delay in diagnosis and all the attendant consequences (such as intestinal obstruction) is hereby presented. The role of plain chest Xray which is cheap and readily available in salvaging the confusing clinical scenario has been emphasized. Late presenting CDH should be factored in the differential diagnosis of any child with chronic cough. Delay in diagnosis increases chances of complication such as chronic lung diseases and gastro-esophageal reflux, later in adulthood.","PeriodicalId":430358,"journal":{"name":"Pyramid Journal of Medicine","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127793206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}