Sinonasal diseases in Nigerian primary school children

Abstract

This study aimed at determining the prevalence, pattern, sociodemographic features and effect on the quality of life of sinonasal diseases among the primary school children. This community-based descriptive cross-sectional study of school children with sinonasal diseases was carried out between October 2017 and March 2018 in Ibadan-Nigeria, using multistage sampling technique. Data was taken using a pretested, interviewers assisted questionnaire and statistically analyzed using SPSS IBM version 23.0. The prevalence of sinonasal diseases was 21.7% (n=964). Age range was 5-13 years; the mean age was 8.5±2.7. There were 52.6% males and male to female ratio was 1:1. Common sinonasal diseases were allergic rhinitis (37.8%), chronic rhinosinusitis (19.6%), nasal trauma (15.3%), acute rhinosinusitis (11.0%) and foreign body impaction (5.74%). Bilateral sinonasal diseases occurred in 82.3%. Right and left sinonasal diseases accounted for 10.0% and 7.7% respectively. Major presenting complaints were rhinorrhea (73.2%), excessive sneezing (36.4%), nasal blockage/stuffiness (32.5%) and itching (29.7%).Associated complications of sinonasal diseases were mainly orbital complications in 30.1%, pharyngitis in 12.9%, pneumonia in 8.6% and otitis media in 6.7%. Commonly affected qualities of life were fatigue (16.3%), sleep disturbance (12.4%), changes in mood (10.5%) and isolation (8.6%). The prevalence of sinonasal diseases in primary school children was 21.7%. At presentation the majority of the pupils had associated complications and affectation of the quality of life.