AIMS Medical Science最新文献

{"title":"Investigating the relationship between ultrasound measured optic nerve sheath diameter and preeclampsia","authors":"S. arzpeyma, Pooya Bahari Khorram, M. Asgharnia, Z. Mohtasham-Amiri","doi":"10.3934/medsci.2019.3.250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/medsci.2019.3.250","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Increased intracranial pressure (ICP) is one of the main consequences of preeclampsia, which could be manifested by a change in the optic nerve sheath diameter as a radiologic and clinical sign. However, the effect of preeclampsia on the ultrasound measured optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) and its possible applications are rarely investigated. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between ultrasound measured optic nerve sheath diameter and the risk of preeclampsia. Methods: This case-control study was performed on 38 pregnant women with normal blood pressure and 38 pregnant women with preeclampsia in Alzahra hospital in Rasht during 2018. A checklist was used to record demographic and clinical data. Measurements were made using a high resolution transducer, by placing the focal point and a cursor line at 3 mm behind the globe, perpendicular to the optic nerve axis (measuring the mean of two eyes). Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 21. Results: The mean age of patients with preeclampsia and normal pregnant women were 31.42 ± 6.2 years and 29.76 ± 3.46 years, respectively. Differences in gravidity (P = 0.854) and the history of hypertension (P = 0.946) in both groups were not statistically significant (P < 0.05). The mean optic nerve sheath diameter in women with preeclampsia was significantly higher than pregnant women with normal blood pressure (P = 0.001). The area under the ROC curve for the ONSD was 0.82 and the cut-off point for this index was calculated as 4.55 mm, which at this point, sensitivity and specificity were 78.9% and 73.7%, respectively. Conclusion: There was a relationship between the risk of preeclampsia and ONSD, in the way that the ONSD in preeclampsia patients was higher than that of normal subjects. However, the mean ONSD in two groups of mild and severe preeclampsia were not significantly different.","PeriodicalId":43011,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Medical Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72542009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improvement in montreal cognitive assessment score following three-week pain rehabilitation program","authors":"Joann E. Bolton, Elke R. Lacayo, S. Kurklinsky, C. Sletten","doi":"10.3934/MEDSCI.2019.3.201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/MEDSCI.2019.3.201","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: To demonstrate improvement in cognitive function following a 3-week Intensive Interdisciplinary Pain Rehabilitation Program. Methods: The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) was performed at initial evaluation and on dismissal day of the program. Results: The patient had chronic, non-cancer lower back pain for over 15 years for which patient had myriad of treatments. Patient was directed to Intensive Interdisciplinary Pain Rehabilitation Program as a last resort treatment. The patient had moderate cognitive impairment when he joined the program (MoCA score of 17/30) that dramatically improved into the normal cognitive range by the end of the program (MoCA score of 26/30). Conclusions: Improvement in MoCA score was demonstrated after completion of the Intensive Interdisciplinary Pain Rehabilitation Program, which is the first demonstrated case.","PeriodicalId":43011,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Medical Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2019-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83435251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunotherapy for synovial sarcoma","authors":"C. Albert, S. Pollack","doi":"10.3934/MEDSCI.2019.3.191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/MEDSCI.2019.3.191","url":null,"abstract":"Synovial sarcoma (SS) is a relatively common subtype of soft tissue sarcoma that typically affects young adults. Nearly all tumors harbor a translocation between SS18 and SSX1/SSX2 and the vast majority express the cancer testis antigen (CTA) NY-ESO-1. While patients with small, non-metastatic tumors are often cured surgically, outcomes remain poor for patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease, even when aggressive chemotherapy and radiotherapy are employed. Therefore, innovative systemic therapies that target the biology of the disease are needed to improve outcomes for these higher risk patients. One such category is tumor-directed immune therapies. In this review, we will discuss the current status of immunotherapy for SS, including the recent trial results, ongoing challenges, and future directions.","PeriodicalId":43011,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Medical Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2019-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85314670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis in patients with anthracosis","authors":"S. Hasani, N. Andisheh, S. Afrasiabian, A. Mohammadi","doi":"10.3934/MEDSCI.2019.3.210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/MEDSCI.2019.3.210","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Anthraco-fibrosis is a potential risk factor for tuberculosis (TB). The aim of this study was to compare the incidence of pulmonary TB in patients with anthracosis and patients without anthracosis. Methods: In this study, all patients who were admitted to the study were selected through enumeration method between 2017 and 2018. Patients with radiological evidence of TB has been considered as suspected of pulmonary TB, and bronchoscopy has been used to detect anthracosis. 40 patients were enrolled as anthracosis patients and 138 as non-anthracosis group. The final diagnosis of active tuberculosis was performed by PCR assay using bronchoalveolar lavage. The data were analyzed by SPSS V.22 using chi-square and logistic regression tests. Results: The incidence of active TB in women and men was 19.3% and 2.1%, respectively (p < 0.001) and the incidence of anthracosis was 28.9% and 16.8% respectively (p = 0.05) which both had a significant difference and were higher in women. Of all patients with anthracosis, 22.5% had active TB. The findings showed that exposure to smoke and anthracosis increases the risk of TB significantly (p < 0.001). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the patients with anthracosis and those who had long-term exposure to smoke are needed to be evaluated in case of active tuberculosis.","PeriodicalId":43011,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Medical Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2019-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73590816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the relationship between academic burnout and educational factors among students of Guilan University of medical sciences","authors":"Soodabeh Gholizadeh Sarcheshmeh, F. Asgari, M. Chehrzad, E. K. Leili","doi":"10.3934/medsci.2019.3.230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/medsci.2019.3.230","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Academic burnout is among the factors that negatively affect academic performance and has recently been studied in schools and universities. Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between academic burnout and educational factors among students of Guilan University of Medical Sciences in 2015–2016. Materials and methods: This cross sectional study was conducted on 532 students who were in second or higher semester of their study in Guilan University of Medical Sciences. The instruments used in this study were the Maslach’s Student Burnout Questionnaire and the Educational Factors Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 21. Results: A significant relationship was observed between academic burnout and passion in college major (P = 0.0001), failing the courses (P = 0.0001), probation record (P < 0.009), teaching factors, educational environment and educational facilities (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study indicated a significant relationship between academic burnout and a number of educational factors. As a result, appropriate educational and teaching facilities can reduce students’ academic burnout.","PeriodicalId":43011,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Medical Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2019-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80568345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gender differences in kidney function and health outcomes","authors":"B. Kara","doi":"10.3934/MEDSCI.2019.3.179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/MEDSCI.2019.3.179","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43011,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Medical Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2019-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77908154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The relationship between facet tropism and lumbar disc herniation in patients with low back pain","authors":"S. arzpeyma, Parisa Hajir, Pooya Bahari Khorram","doi":"10.3934/MEDSCI.2019.3.181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/MEDSCI.2019.3.181","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Intervertebral disc herniation is a degenerative lumbar disease and a common pathology of skeletal system. Currently, most experts assume that facet tropism may affect lumbar degenerative diseases. However, the reports on relationship between facet tropism and lumbar disc herniation are inconsistent. Objective: To compare the relationship between facet tropism and lumbar disc herniation. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, patients with low back pain referring to Radiology Department of Poursina Hospital in 2017–2018 with lumbar disc herniation in only one intervertebral level (L3–L4, L4–L5 or L5–S1) were included. Using gradual sampling, patients were categorized into two case and control groups. Lumbar MRI was performed on all patients and the results were studied by only one professional radiologist. Studied variables were collected with a checklist and analyzed using SPSS software (version 21). Quantitative variables were compared using T-test and qualitative (categorical) variables were compared using Contingency Tables and Chi-Square test and/or Fisher’s Extract. P < 0.05 was identified statistically significant. Findings: Seventy-six patients with lumbar disc herniation were compared in terms of facet tropism presence. Investigating facet tropism in L4–L5 disc showed that percentage of facet tropism incidence in this level was 37% for patients with herniation (n = 10), while it was 10.2% in control group; the difference was statistically significant according to Chi-square test (P = 0.005). In L3-L4 level, percentage of facet tropism incidence in case and control groups were 43.8% (n = 7) and 18.3%, respectively. This 25% difference was statistically significant based on Fisher’s Exact test (P = 0.041). Findings for L5-S1 disc showed no significant relationship. Discussion: Given the inconsistent findings in previous studies on the relationship between facet tropism and lumbar disc herniation, the current study demonstrated the presence of this relationship. This findings can help experts prevent disc herniation to some extents through supportive and preventive measures.","PeriodicalId":43011,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Medical Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2019-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90160127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychosocial problems among mothers of children with cerebral palsy attending physiotherapy outpatient department of two selected tertiary health centres in Ogun state: A pilot study","authors":"O. Michael, Oyewole Olufemi, Falola Jasola, Davis Abigail, Lateef Adetutu, Adepoju Modinat","doi":"10.3934/MEDSCI.2019.2.158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/MEDSCI.2019.2.158","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Caring for a child with cerebral palsy (CP) can be exhausting and stressful. There is paucity of information on the consequence of having a child with CP on mothers of these children. This study explored psychosocial problems encountered by mothers of children with CP receiving physiotherapy care in two selected tertiary health centres in Ogun State, Nigeria. Methods: A qualitative study was conducted through focus group discussion (FGD) utilizing 17 questions identified in the literature as a FGD guide. Participants were seven mothers of children with CP. The framework approach was used for thematic analysis of data. Results: The psychosocial challenges encountered by the mothers were associated with nine common sub-themes. These are: (i) stress of caring for over dependent child; (ii) mothers’ restricted participation in the society; (iii) financial constraint experienced by the mothers of children with CP; (iv) health problems experienced by mothers of children with CP; (v) feelings of uncertainty about the child’s future; (vi) society’s negative perception of child’s problems; (vii) support obtained by the caregivers from others; (viii) availability of support from healthcare facilities; and (ix) Personal belief about condition. Conclusion: Mothers of children with cerebral palsy experience substantial psychological and social problems that are often ignored by the general populace.","PeriodicalId":43011,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Medical Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2019-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82964007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Self-esteem and self-confidence relationship with religious tendency in families with a child suffering from cancer","authors":"Maryam Gholamniya Foumani, N. Sadeghi, S. Dehghanzadeh","doi":"10.3934/MEDSCI.2019.3.218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/MEDSCI.2019.3.218","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Cancer and its diagnosis are one of the most difficult experiences of life during which the family face many spiritual crises and are looking for a definition for anguish and misery. Often the spiritual faith of the patient and their family is lost and their bond is impaired. Thus, the present study attempts to determine self-esteem and self-confidence relationship with religious tendency in families with a child suffering from. Methods: The present cross sectional study, which was a correlation type, was performed with cooperation of 50 parents of children suffering from cancer in 17th Shahrivar hospital in Rasht, in 2017. Gambler and Richie self-esteem, Eysenck self-confidence, and Allport’s religious tendency questionnaires were used to collect data. The data were then entered in SPSS version 21 software. For comparing the variables of self-esteem score, self-confidence, external and internal religious tendency, Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used. Findings: Mean and SD of self-confidence score, self-esteem and religious tendency were 97.9 ± 6.8, 82.6 ± 13.9, and 60.1 ± 6.8, respectively. Mean and SD of external and internal score of religious tendency was 48 ± 2.3, and 39 ± 11.3, respectively. Statistical tests showed that the religious tendency scores and the external and internal scores of religious tendency in terms of self-confidence (moderate self-confidence, high self-confidence) were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, highly self-confident parents had a higher mean score than those with moderate self-esteem. Additionally, the external score of religious tendency was higher in single parents and in the first children than in other groups. Given that the present study was conducted for the first time in Iran, it is suggested that parents of cancerous children be supported by the hospital in terms of spirituality, self-confidence and self-esteem during throughout the time of their child admission.","PeriodicalId":43011,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Medical Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2019-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80372144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parametric and the Cox risk model in the analysis of factors affecting the time of diagnosis of retinopathy with patients type 2 diabetes","authors":"F. Keshavarzi, M. Askarishahi, Maryam Gholamniya Foumani, H. Falahzadeh","doi":"10.3934/MEDSCI.2019.2.170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/MEDSCI.2019.2.170","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of Cox model and Exponential parametric, Weibull, Log Normal and Log Logistic models in evaluating factors affecting retinopathy diagnostic time in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods: In this prospective historical study, 400 patients with type 2 diabetes without retinopathy referred to the Ophthalmology Clinic of Yazd Diabetes Research Center in 2008 were followed up for diagnosis of retinopathy by January 2013. Significant variables in the univariate model were introduced into the Cox multivariate and parametric models to determine the effective factors on the time of retinopathy diagnosis. The criterion for comparing the performance of the models was the Akaike’s criterion. All calculations were performed using R software and a significant level of 0.05 was considered. Resuls: The mean and median time of retinopathy diagnosis was 52.46 and 58 months, respectively. 3% of patients in less than one year and 16% of patients in less than two years of retinopathy were diagnosed. Conclusion: According to Akaike’s criterion, Cox model has the best fit in determining the factors affecting the time of retinopathy diagnosis.","PeriodicalId":43011,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Medical Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2019-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85851189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}