AIMS Medical Science最新文献

{"title":"Autoimmunity in latent autoimmune diabetes in adults","authors":"Alessandro P. Delitala","doi":"10.3934/medsci.2019.2.132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/medsci.2019.2.132","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43011,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Medical Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79889766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sedentary behaviour and physical activity patterns in adults with traumatic limb fracture","authors":"C. Ekegren, R. Climie, William G. Veitch, N. Owen, D. Dunstan, L. Kimmel, B. Gabbe","doi":"10.3934/MEDSCI.2019.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/MEDSCI.2019.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To describe patterns of sedentary behaviour and physical activity in adults two weeks post-hospital discharge following an upper or lower limb fracture, and identify associated predictive factors. Design: Observational study. Setting: Level 1 Trauma Centre. Participants: Adults aged 18–69 years with an isolated upper (UL) or lower (LL) limb fracture. Main Outcome Measures: Sitting time and steps measured via a triaxial accelerometer and inclinometer-based device (activPAL) (anterior thigh); and moderate-intensity physical activity (MPA) measured via triaxial accelerometer (ActiGraph) (hip) for ten days. Results: Of 83 participants, 63% were men and 55% had sustained LL fractures; mean (SD) age was 41 (14) years. Participants sat for a mean (SD) of 11.07 (1.89) h/day, took a median (IQR) of 1575 (618–3445) steps/day and had only 5.22 (1.50–20.78) mins/day of MPA. Multivariable regression analyses showed participants with LL fracture, had increased adjusted mean sitting time of 2.5 h/day relative to UL fracture (β = 2.5 hours, p < 0.001). For each day since surgery/injury there was reduced adjusted mean sitting time of 4 mins/day (β = −0.06 hours, p = 0.048). LL fracture was associated with 80% fewer steps/day (Ratio of Geometric Means (RGM) = 0.20, p < 0.001) and 89% less MPA (RGM = 0.11, p < 0.001) relative to UL fracture. Older age was associated with 59–62% less MPA relative to the youngest participants (RGM = 0.38–0.41, p = 0.01). There was no association between the predictive variables sex, BMI and pre-injury physical activity and any outcome. Conclusions: At two weeks post-hospital discharge, participants were engaged in high amounts of sitting and were physically inactive. Injury location was the strongest predictor of outcome, indicating that patients with LL fracture are most in need of encouragement to reduce sitting time and gradually increase activity, within the bounds of clinical safety.","PeriodicalId":43011,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Medical Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87619842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MTA3 Regulates Extravillous Trophoblast Invasion Through NuRD Complex.","authors":"Ying Chen,&nbsp;Sok Kean Khoo,&nbsp;Richard Leach,&nbsp;Kai Wang","doi":"10.3934/medsci.2017.1.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/medsci.2017.1.17","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Extravillous trophoblast (EVT) invasion is required for remodeling uterine tertiary arteries and placenta development during pregnancy. Compromised EVT invasion may contribute to the pathology of placenta-related diseases. Metastasis -associated protein 3 (MTA3) is one of the subunits of nucleosome remodeling and deacetylation (NuRD) complex that represses transcription in a histone deacetylase-dependent manner. MTA3 is reported to be down-regulated in preeclamptic placentas, suggesting its potential role in EVT invasion. Here, we investigate the role of MTA3 in EVT invasion by studying its molecular mechanisms in EVT cells. First, we confirmed MTA3 expression in the EVT cells in human placenta using immunohistochemistry. We then used lentivirus-mediated MTA3 short hairpin RNA (shRNA) to knock down MTA3 expression in EVT-derived HTR8/SVneo cells and found higher invasion capacity in MTA3 knockdown cells. Using quantitative real-time PCR, we showed higher expression of invasion-related genes matrix metalloproteinase 2 (<i>MMP2</i>), matrix metalloproteinase 9 (<i>MMP9</i>), and transcription factor <i>Snail</i> in MTA3 knockdown compared with control cells. Co-immunoprecipitation-Western blot assay showed the protein-protein interaction of histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1), a subunit of NuRD, with MTA3 in HTR8/SVneo cells. Co-immunoprecipitation-Mass spectrometry assay further identified 71 proteins interacting with MTA3, including NuRD subunits, heterochromatin proteins, epigenetics modifiers and transcription factors. This result not only indicated the involvement of NuRD complex in MTA3's function, but also demonstrated the complicated multiple co-players in MTA3 and NuRD complex mediated transcription repression in EVT. In summary, our data demonstrates that MTA3 regulates EVT invasion and related gene expression via NuRD complex in EVT.</p>","PeriodicalId":43011,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Medical Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5613952/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35398872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors Associated with Asthma ED Visit Rates among Medicaid-enrolled Children: A Structural Equation Modeling Approach.","authors":"Luceta McRoy, George Rust, Junjun Xu","doi":"10.3934/medsci.2017.1.71","DOIUrl":"10.3934/medsci.2017.1.71","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Asthma is one of the leading causes of emergency department visits and school absenteeism among school-aged children in the United States, but there is significant local-area variation in emergency department visit rates, as well as significant differences across racial-ethnic groups.</p><p><strong>Analysis: </strong>We first calculated emergency department (ED) visit rates among Medicaid-enrolled children age 5-12 with asthma using a multi-state dataset. We then performed exploratory factor analysis using over 226 variables to assess whether they clustered around three county-level conceptual factors (socioeconomic status, healthcare capacity, and air quality) thought to be associated with variation in asthma ED visit rates. Measured variables (including ED visit rate as the outcome of interest) were then standardized and tested in a simple conceptual model through confirmatory factor analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>County-level (contextual) variables did cluster around factors declared <i>a priori</i> in the conceptual model. Structural equation models connecting the ED visit rates to socioeconomic status, air quality, and healthcare system professional capacity factors (consistent with our conceptual framework) converged on a solution and achieved a reasonable goodness of fit on confirmatory factor analysis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Confirmatory factor analysis offers an approach for quantitatively testing conceptual models of local-area variation and racial disparities in asthma-related emergency department use.</p>","PeriodicalId":43011,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Medical Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6277032/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36756288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of an Individualized Physical Activity Intervention on Improving Mental Health Outcomes in Family Caregivers of Persons with Dementia: A Randomized Controlled Trial.","authors":"Carol J Farran, Olimpia Paun, Fawn Cothran, Caryn D Etkin, Kumar B Rajan, Amy Eisenstein, Maryam Navaie","doi":"10.3934/medsci.2016.1.15","DOIUrl":"10.3934/medsci.2016.1.15","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study examined secondary benefits of an individualized physical activity intervention on improving dementia family caregivers' subjective burden, depressive symptoms and positive affect.</p><p><strong>Design and methods: </strong>A community-based randomized controlled trial (RCT) was implemented with family caregivers of persons with dementia (N = 211) who received the Enhanced Physical Activity Intervention (EPAI: treatment intervention, n = 106) or the Caregiver Skill Building Intervention (CSBI: control intervention, n = 105). Interventions were delivered over 12 months, including a baseline home visit and regularly spaced telephone calls. Data were collected in person at baseline, 6 and 12-months; and telephonically at 3 and 9-months. The EPAI integrated physical activity and caregiving content while the CSBI focused only on caregiving content. Descriptive, bivariate and intention-to-treat analyses using generalized estimating equations (GEE) were performed to examine secondary benefits of the EPAI on family caregiver burden, depressive symptoms and positive affect.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared to caregivers in the CSBI group, caregivers in the EPAI significantly increased their overall and total moderate physical activity and showed a positive interaction between the intervention and time for positive affect at both six (<i>p</i> = 0.01) and 12-months (<i>p</i> = 0.03). The EPAI was significantly associated with improving burden at 3 months (<i>p</i> = 0.03) but had no significant effect on depressive symptoms.</p><p><strong>Implications: </strong>Caregiver involvement in an individualized physical activity intervention was associated with increased overall and total moderate physical activity and improved positive affect from baseline to 12 months. Improved positive affect may help caregivers to feel better about themselves and their situation, and better enable them to continue providing care for their family member for a longer time at lower risk to their own mental health.</p>","PeriodicalId":43011,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Medical Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5685520/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35257111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Promising Gene Therapeutics for Salivary Gland Radiotoxicity.","authors":"Renjith Parameswaran Nair,&nbsp;Gulshan Sunavala-Dossabhoy","doi":"10.3934/medsci.2016.4.329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/medsci.2016.4.329","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>More than 0.5 million new cases of head and neck cancer are diagnosed worldwide each year, and approximately 75% of them are treated with radiation alone or in combination with other cancer treatments. A majority of patients treated with radiotherapy develop significant oral off-target effects because of the unavoidable irradiation of normal tissues. Salivary glands that lie within treatment fields are often irreparably damaged and a decline in function manifests as dry mouth or xerostomia. Limited ability of the salivary glands to regenerate lost acinar cells makes radiation-induced loss of function a chronic problem that affects the quality of life of the patients well beyond the completion of radiotherapy. The restoration of saliva production after irradiation has been a daunting challenge, and this review provides an overview of promising gene therapeutics that either improve the gland's ability to survive radiation insult, or alternately, restore fluid flow after radiation. The salient features and shortcomings of each approach are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":43011,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Medical Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5345936/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34805642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Oxidative Stress Response Related Genetic Variants, Pro-oxidants, Antioxidants and Prostate Cancer","authors":"Nicole A. Lavender, D. Hein, G. Brock, L. Kidd","doi":"10.3934/medsci.2015.4.271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/medsci.2015.4.271","url":null,"abstract":"Background Oxidative stress and detoxification mechanisms have been commonly studied in Prostate Cancer (PCa) due to their function in the detoxification of potentially damaging reactive oxygen species (ROS) and carcinogens. However, findings have been either inconsistent or inconclusive. These mixed findings may, in part, relate to failure to consider interactions among oxidative stress response related genetic variants along with pro- and antioxidant factors. Methods We examined the effects of 33 genetic and 26 environmental oxidative stress and defense factors on PCa risk and disease aggressiveness among 2,286 men from the Cancer Genetic Markers of Susceptibility project (1,175 cases, 1,111 controls). Single and joint effects were analyzed using a comprehensive statistical approach involving logistic regression, multi-dimensionality reduction, and entropy graphs. Results Inheritance of one CYP2C8 rs7909236 T or two SOD2 rs2758331 A alleles was linked to a 1.3- and 1.4-fold increase in risk of developing PCa, respectively (p-value = 0.006–0.013). Carriers of CYP1B1 rs1800440GG, CYP2C8 rs1058932TC and, NAT2 (rs1208GG, rs1390358CC, rs7832071TT) genotypes were associated with a 1.3 to 2.2-fold increase in aggressive PCa [p-value = 0.04–0.001, FDR 0.088–0.939]. We observed a 23% reduction in aggressive disease linked to inheritance of one or more NAT2 rs4646247 A alleles (p = 0.04, FDR = 0.405). Only three NAT2 sequence variants remained significant after adjusting for multiple hypotheses testing, namely NAT2 rs1208, rs1390358, and rs7832071. Lastly, there were no significant gene-environment or gene-gene interactions associated with PCa outcomes. Conclusions Variations in genes involved in oxidative stress and defense pathways may modify PCa. Our findings do not firmly support the role of oxidative stress genetic variants combined with lifestyle/environmental factors as modifiers of PCa and disease progression. However, additional multi-center studies poised to pool genetic and environmental data are needed to make strong conclusions.","PeriodicalId":43011,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Medical Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2015-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89829637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of 212Pb for Targeted α-particle Therapy (TAT): Pre-clinical and Mechanistic Understanding through to Clinical Translation.","authors":"K. Yong, M. Brechbiel","doi":"10.3934/MEDSCI.2015.3.228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/MEDSCI.2015.3.228","url":null,"abstract":"Targeted α-particle therapy (TAT), in which an α-particle emitting radionuclide is specifically directed to a biological target, is gaining more attention to treat cancers as new targets are validated. Bio-vectors such as monoclonal antibodies are able to selectively transport α-particles to destroy targeted cancer cells. TAT has the potential for an improved therapeutic ratio over β-particle targeted conjugate therapy. The short path length and the intense ionization path generated render α-emitters suitable for treatment and management of minimal disease such as micrometastases or residual tumor after surgical debulking. 212Pb is the longer-lived parent radionuclide of 212Bi and serves as an in vivo generator of 212Bi. 212Pb has demonstrated significant utility in both in vitro and in vivo models. Recent evaluation of 212Pb-TCMC-trastuzumab in a Phase I clinical trial has demonstrated the feasibility of 212Pb in TAT for the treatment of ovarian cancer patients. This review highlights progress in radionuclide production, radiolabeling chemistry, molecular mechanisms, and application of 212Pb to targeted pre-clinical and clinical radiation therapy for the management and treatment of cancer.","PeriodicalId":43011,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Medical Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2015-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83894426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human basilar artery: morphology & variations","authors":"Asha Usha Vijayakumar, M. Sudhakaran, Leelabhai Janaki Yovel","doi":"10.3934/medsci.2020017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/medsci.2020017","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Basilar artery is an unpaired medium-sized artery formed by the confluence of right and left vertebral arteries at the pontomedullary junction and extends to the pontomesencephalic junction. It forms the spine of posterior cerebral circulation which is constituted by the vertebrobasilar system and its branches. Normal morphology of the basilar artery forms an essential component of cerebral circulation. The present study aims to measure the level of formation & termination, length, diameter, and angle of formation of the basilar artery. The data presented are relevant to understanding human variations and would be a good anatomical reference for clinicians, anatomists, and medical students. Caliber, length, and angle of bifurcation of the basilar artery help in assessing the feasibility and approach for various surgical procedures and predict cerebro-vascular diseases. Materials & methods: 96 adult human brain specimens were studied. (78 male, 18 female) (Age range: 19–80 y; Average age: 47.66 y). Measurements were taken using Vernier calliper. Data was analysed using Microsoft Excel and SPSS software version 17. Results: The basilar artery was formed by the confluence of two vertebral arteries in all specimens extending from the pontomedullary junction to the pontomesencephalic junction in 2/3rd of the cases. The left vertebral artery was found to be dominant in 62.5% specimens. The basilar artery showed an average length of 3.1 cm (demonstrating positive correlation with age), average diameter of 3.6–3.9 mm at different levels, and average angle of formation as 65.38o in males and 62.22o in females. Fetal type posterior cerebral artery was noticed in 9.4% cases. 3.1% and 6.3% cases were seen on the right and left sides respectively. Basilar artery fenestration was noted in 2 percent specimens. Conclusion: Basilar artery morphology was studied in 96 human adult cadavers. Basilar artery formation and termination was normal in more than 2/3rd cases. Variations were noted in its origin, vessel hypoplasia, presence of fenestrations, and fetal patterns. The data obtained from this study are relevant for anatomists, medical students, interventional radiologists, and neurosurgeons.","PeriodicalId":43011,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Medical Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72479710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The correlation between severe complications and blood group types in COVID-19 patients; with possible role of T polyagglutination in promoting thrombotic tendencies","authors":"G. Dobie, Sarah Abutalib, Wafa Sadifi, Mada Jahfali, B. Alghamdi, Asmaa Khormi, Taibah Alharbi, Munyah Zaqan, Zahra M Baalous, A. Hakami, M. Nahari, Abdullah A Mobarki, M. Saboor, Mohammad S Akhter, A. Hamadi, D. Jackson, Hassan A. Hamali","doi":"10.3934/medsci.2023001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/medsci.2023001","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Introduction\u0000Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is still posing detrimental effects on people. An association between contracting COVID-19 and the ABO blood group type has been determined. However, factors that determine the severity of COVID-19 are not yet fully understood. Thus, the current study aimed to investigate whether the ABO blood group type has a role in the severity of complications due to COVID-19.\u0000\u0000Materials and methods\u0000Eighty-Six ICU-admitted COVID-19 patients and 80 matched-healthy controls were recruited in the study from Baish general hospital, Saudi Arabia. ABO blood grouping, complete blood count (CBC), CBC-derived inflammatory markers, coagulation profile, D-Dimer and anti-T antigen were reported.\u0000\u0000Results\u0000Our data showed that patients with blood groups O and B are more protective against severe complications from COVID-19, as compared to patients with blood groups A and AB. This could be partially attributed to the presence of anti-T in blood group A individuals, compared to non-blood group A.\u0000\u0000Conclusion\u0000The current study reports an association between the ABO blood group and the susceptibility to severe complications from COVID-19, with a possible role of anti-T in driving the mechanism of the thrombotic tendency, as it was also correlated with an elevation in D-dimer levels.\u0000","PeriodicalId":43011,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Medical Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91070916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}