AIMS Medical Science最新文献

{"title":"IBS common features among Northern Saudi population according to Rome IV criteria","authors":"S. Alharbi, F. Alateeq, K. Alshammari, H. Ahmed","doi":"10.3934/MEDSCI.2019.2.148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/MEDSCI.2019.2.148","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a global health disorder characterized heterogenic prevalence worldwide. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to identify the IBS common features among Northern Saudi population according to Rome IV criteria. Methodology: In this community based cross-sectional survey, data about IBS were obtained from 900 Saudi volunteers living in the city of Hail, Northern Saudi Arabia. A Purposeful questionnaire was designed and used for obtaining the necessary data. Each questionnaire was filled by a medical student during the interview. IBS was diagnosed based on Rome IV Criteria. Results: The most common IBS type was mixed followed by constipation and diarrheal, constituting 173/403 (43%), 125/403 (31%) and 105/403 (26%), respectively. The prevalence rates of mixed constipation and diarrheal IBS types among males were 43%, 31.6%, and 25.4%, respectively. The prevalence rates of mixed constipation and diarrheal IBS types among females were 43%, 30.6%, and 26.5%, respectively. Conclusion: The prevalence of rates of IBS using Rome IV, still within medium values among Northern Saudi population, though, there were higher prevalence rates of IBS symptoms. The most common IBS type was mixed followed by constipation and diarrheal types. All IBS related symptoms were more common among women compared to men.","PeriodicalId":43011,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Medical Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2019-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72783610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Down-regulation of IRF3 expression in Relapse-Remitting MS patients","authors":"Sobhan Helbi, Zahra Engardeh, Sahar Nickbin poshtamsary, Z. Aminzadeh, N. Jivad","doi":"10.3934/MEDSCI.2019.2.140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/MEDSCI.2019.2.140","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Relapsing-Remitting (RRMS) is the most common Multiple Sclerosis disease course. Interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) as major regulators of immune system genes plays a critical role in the activation of type I interferons promoters, in particular IFNβ promoter. Hence we aimed to evaluate the expression rate of IRF3 in RRMS patients under different type of IFNβ treatment. Material and methods: In the present study total of 100 subjects participated. Blood samples of 25 patients with RRMS newly diagnosed who have not been treated with interferon components, 25 patients with RRMS treated with Interferon beta-1α (B1a), 25 patients with RRMS treated with Interferon beta-1β (B1b) and 25 control samples were collected. The samples were transferred at standard conditions to the Cellular and Molecular Research Center of Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, RNA was extracted and converted to cDNA. To evaluate the expression of IRF3 the Real-Time PCR method using SYBR Green dye was done. The level of gene expression was measured by a comparative threshold cycle formula. The obtained data were analyzed using SPSS v15 software. Results: In the study we compared the IRF3 mRNA expression of all subjects in association with gender, which no significant difference was seen (P > 0.05). Also assessment of the gene mRNA level in study groups revealed that the B1b, B1a and new case group had the lowest expression respectively. Moreover, comparison of the mRNA level between new case and B1b groups showed remarkable difference (P 0.05). Conclusion: Perhaps the IFNβ recombinants decreases the IRF3 expression as a negative feedback mechanism. Overall the data reported here, supports the previous studies in important role of IRF3 in autoimmune inflammatory disease of CNS and Multiple Sclerosis.","PeriodicalId":43011,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Medical Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2019-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89724248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diet in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus is important — but much remains to be done!","authors":"S. Shyam, A. Ramadas","doi":"10.3934/medsci.2019.1.128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/medsci.2019.1.128","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43011,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Medical Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2019-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79126887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The relationship between the stroke survivors’ functional status and their informal caregivers’ burden and quality of life","authors":"Aysegul Celik, B. Kara","doi":"10.3934/MEDSCI.2019.1.115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/MEDSCI.2019.1.115","url":null,"abstract":"Background and purpose: Stroke is a major cause of disability and affects the lives of both the patients and their caregivers. The purpose of the study was to determine the relationship between the functional status of stroke survivors and the care burden and quality of life of their informal caregivers. The relationship between selected socio-demographic variables and the caregivers’ caregiving experiences, quality of life, and care burden also was investigated. Methods: This cross-sectional study consisted of 100 patients and informal caregivers dyads. The Patient and Caregiver Information Form was used to collect demographic data; the Functional Independence Measure (FIM) and Barthel Index (BI) were used to assess functional status; the Caregiver Burden Scale (CBS) and 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey Quality of Life Scale (SF36-QLS) were used to assess the caregivers’ burden and quality of life. Data were evaluated using descriptive statistics, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, and parametric and non-parametric tests. Results: The mean FIM and BI scores of the patients were 61.0 ± 30.0 and 42.6 ± 28.3, respectively. The caregivers’ average score in the SF36-QLS subscale of general health perception was 51.7 ± 22.7; their average CBS score was 39.2 ± 13.8. The caregivers’ quality of life was found to be moderate to high in the domains of physical function, social function, mental health, bodily pain, and general health, but low in the domains of physical role function, emotional role function, and vitality. There was a negative correlation between the average FIM and BI scores of stroke survivors and their caregivers’ CBS scores or scores on the SF36-QLS subscale of general health perception. Conclusion: There is a relationship between the stroke survivors’ functional status and their caregivers’ burden and quality of life. The caregivers’ quality of life decreased and their care burden increased as the functional status of the patients deteriorated.","PeriodicalId":43011,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Medical Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2019-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82479171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond “#endpjparalysis”, tackling sedentary behaviour in health care","authors":"S. Chastin, Juliet A. Harvey, P. Dall, Lianne McInally, A. Mavroeidi, D. Skelton","doi":"10.3934/MEDSCI.2019.1.67","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/MEDSCI.2019.1.67","url":null,"abstract":"Reducing Sedentary Behaviour after hospitalization starts with reducing sedentary behaviour whilst in hospital. Although we have eradicated immobilisation as a therapeutic tool due to its potent detrimental effects, it is still in systemic use within health care systems and hospitals. Evidence shows that when in hospital, patients spend most of their time sedentary. In this editorial, we explore the determinants of, and a system-based approach to, reducing sedentary behaviour in health care.","PeriodicalId":43011,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Medical Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2019-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84268543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maternal dietary patterns, diet quality and micronutrient status in gestational diabetes mellitus across different economies: A review","authors":"S. Misra, Yang Wai Yew, Tan Seok Shin","doi":"10.3934/MEDSCI.2019.1.76","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/MEDSCI.2019.1.76","url":null,"abstract":"Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one of the most common metabolic disorders known to develop during pregnancy. Besides obesity and sedentary lifestyles being the main predisposing factors, dietary measures play an important role in its progression too. Hence, managing GDM has become a great challenge for healthcare professionals globally. It is pertinent to establish and manage the predisposing factors for GDM. Many studies have investigated the potential dietary risk factors linked to GDM, especially dietary patterns and diet quality. While certain healthful dietary patterns incorporating wholegrain cereals, high in fruits and vegetables, low meat and saturated fats have been protective against GDM, deficiencies of micronutrients such as potassium, magnesium, and possibly zinc and chromium may predispose one to carbohydrate intolerance. The alterations in iron and zinc body stores could also affect GDM. Dietary iron, vitamin C and D are amongst the micronutrients associated with the development and prevention of diabetes in pregnant women. However, evidences on the effects of vitamins, minerals other indices of maternal diet quality on GDM are inconclusive. This review provides an overview of the emerging evidences on the role of maternal dietary patterns, diet quality and micronutrients, which may contribute in the prevention of GDM across the different economies in the world. The results will empower the healthcare professionals to prevent and manage GDM effectively.","PeriodicalId":43011,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Medical Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2019-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87691099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of mushrooms in gestational diabetes mellitus","authors":"V. Gulati, Mansi Singh, Pankaj Gulati","doi":"10.3934/MEDSCI.2019.1.49","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/MEDSCI.2019.1.49","url":null,"abstract":"Many studies have shown that plant-based diets and Mediterranean diets can lower the risk of development of gestational diabetes mellitus. Plants have been the main source of medicines since ancient times. Despite tremendous advances in medicinal chemistry, synthetic drugs have not provided cures to many diseases due to their adverse side effects or diminution in response after prolonged use. Medicinal mushrooms have been used traditionally as an anti-diabetic food for centuries especially in countries such as China, Japan, India and Korea. These are source of natural bioactive compounds. The bioactive constituents are polysaccharides, proteins, dietary fibres, lectins, lactones, alkaloids, terpenoids, sterols and phenolic compounds which have various health benefits. This review will focus on recent examples of diverse types of mushrooms that have been validated by scientific evaluation as having promising activity for the prevention and/or treatment of gestational diabetes mellitus. Dietary components and plant-derived molecules can be used in the future to complement current treatment strategies for gestational diabetes mellitus.","PeriodicalId":43011,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Medical Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2019-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87137096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Putting psychology into telerehabilitation: Coping planning as an example for how to integrate behavior change techniques into clinical practice","authors":"L. Fleig, M. Ashe, J. Keller, S. Lippke, R. Schwarzer","doi":"10.3934/medsci.2019.1.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/medsci.2019.1.13","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Behavioral interventions based on psychological theory can facilitate continued recovery after discharge from cardiac or orthopedic rehabilitation. For example, health professionals can encourage patients to engage in coping planning to support the maintenance of physical activity. Telephone-based interviews or web-based interventions are two promising delivery modes to provide such after-care services from a distance (telerehabilitation). However, previous evaluations of such behavioral interventions lack a detailed description of the specific content, and its connection to psychosocial antecedents and health outcomes. Therefore, the primary aim of this study was to (i) describe the content of user-specified coping plans. Second, we aimed to identify (ii) coping plan characteristics associated with health outcomes post-rehabilitation and (iii) socio-demographic and psychosocial variables associated with coping plan characteristics. Methods: This was a secondary analysis from a larger behavioral intervention study, using remote delivery modes, within orthopedic and cardiac rehabilitation. Two raters evaluated the content, quality and number of coping plans from 231 participants. Physical activity and quality of life (health outcomes) were measured via self-reports at the end of rehabilitation and six months after discharge. We used linear regression analyses to examine the relationship between plan characteristics and health outcomes. Results: Content analyses of participants’ coping plans emphasized that physical barriers such as pain or other health limitations presented major obstacles for engagement in physical activity post-rehabilitation. The most frequently identified external barriers to physical activity were workload, family obligations or bad weather. There was a statistically significant difference in quality of life and physical activity for participants who formulated highly instrumental coping plans (higher quality of life and activity) compared with participants with coping plans of lower quality (lower quality of life and activity). The number of plans (quantity) was not related with outcomes. Conclusion: Generating coping plans can be a useful theory-based approach for inclusion in telerehabilitation to facilitate the maintenance of physical activity and quality of life. It is important to encourage adults and older adults to engage in coping planning and, specifically, to formulate strategies that support tenacious plan pursuit.","PeriodicalId":43011,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Medical Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2019-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82095448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Older adults’ activity on a geriatric hospital unit: A behavioral mapping study","authors":"P. Ariza-Vega, Hattie Shu, Ruvini Amarasekera, Nicola Edwards, Marta Filipski, D. Langford, K. Madden, M. Ashe","doi":"10.3934/medsci.2019.1.33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/medsci.2019.1.33","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Systematic reviews highlight a preponderance of prolonged sedentary behavior in the hospital setting, with possible consequences for patients’ health and mobility. To date, most of the published literature in this field focus on the hospital experience for older adults with dementia or stroke. Few data describe hospital activity patterns in specialized geriatric units for frail older adults, who are already at risk of spending prolonged periods of time sitting. Yet, promoting older adults’ activity throughout hospitalization, when possible, is an avenue for exploration to identify opportunities to encourage more daily functional activities, and minimize the risk of post-hospital syndrome. Methods: This was a two-part observational study to describe (1) the hospital indoor environment and (2) patients’ activity patterns (using behavioral mapping) within public areas of two hospital units. One combined-trained physiotherapist and occupational therapist recorded information on indoor environmental features for two acute geriatric hospital units, such as potential opportunities for sitting and walking (i.e., handrails, chairs, benches, etc.), and identified obstacles which may impede activity (i.e., food or laundry carts in hallways, etc.). The observer also systematically scanned these units every 15 minutes (8 am to 4 pm) over two days/unit (one weekday and one weekend day) using standard behavioral mapping methods. There were three to four observation stations identified on each unit to count the number of people who were present, distinguish their role (patient, visitor), approximate age, gender, and body position or activity (sitting, standing, walking). We did not enter patients’ rooms. We described units’ indoor environment, and observed activity for each unit. We used Chi square tests to compare differences in observations between units, day of the week, and gender. Results: For both units there were similar indoor environmental features, with the exception of the floorplans, number of beds, minor differences in flooring materials, and an additional destination room (two lounges attached to one unit). Both units had items such as laundry carts against walls in hallways, blocking handrails, when present. We observed between 46–86% (average 60%) of admitted patients in the public areas of hospital units, with variability depending on unit and day: More than half of the observations were of patients sitting. Approximately 20% of patients were observed more than once: This included five women and seven men. There were significant associations for gender and observations on weekdays (men > women; Chi square = 17.01, p men; Chi square = 6.11, p = 0.013). There were more visitor observations on Unit 2. Conclusions: These exploratory findings are an opportunity to, generate hypotheses for future testing, and act as a starting point to collaborate with front line clinicians to highlight the indoor environment’s role in promoting activity, ","PeriodicalId":43011,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Medical Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2019-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88088908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of diabetes educational program on self-care and diabetes control among type 2 diabetic patients in Al-Baha–Saudi Arabia","authors":"Neimat Mahmoud Abd-Alrahman Ali Dinar, Ghassan Abd-Al lateef Mohammad Al sammouri, Mohammed Abdalla Eltahir, Aida Ahmed Fadlala Ahmed, Hasen Jamaan Ahmed Alghamdi, Abdulrahman Ali Alghamdi, Waled Amen Mohammed Ahmed","doi":"10.3934/medsci.2019.3.239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/medsci.2019.3.239","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43011,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Medical Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73674877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}