AIMS Medical Science最新文献

{"title":"Oral tranexamic acid for bleeding during spinal surgery: A randomized double-blind placebo clinical trialRunning title: Oral tranexamic acid for spinal surgery","authors":"S. Rasras, Nour Mohammad Mamizadeh, H. Safari, A. Kiani, Z. Rahimi","doi":"10.3934/medsci.2020005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/medsci.2020005","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the oral Tranexamic acid (TXA) effect on the bleeding during spine surgery amounts. Patients and Methods: In this randomized double-blind placebo clinical trial, patients with lumbar spinal cord and back pain disease, those who needed fusion or were candidates for bilateral or more or equal to two levels surgeries, and those who referred to the Neurosurgery Department, were included and randomly divided into two equal groups. TXA was orally administered at 25 mg/kg dosages four times a day before surgery and 500 mg in the morning of surgery. The bleeding amount during the operation was calculated based on the number of sterile pads used during the operation and the amount of bleeding collected in the suction device (suction) in milliliters. Each sterile pad soaked in blood is equal to 50 ml of bleeding. The suction blood content at the end of the operation (in milliliters), was also collected by bleeding in sterile pads and reported in milliliters . The difference in hemoglobin level 24 after surgery was compared to before surgery. The follow-up period was until discharge from the hospital. Results: No significant difference was seen in the demographic data between the two groups (p < 0.05). Oral TXA had a positive effect on the intraoperative and postoperative bleeding amounts, and hospitalization duration, and it significantly reduced bleeding in the mentioned cases (p < 0.05 in all cases). Moreover, no significant differences were observed in coagulation factors, including PT, INR, and coagulation tests between the two groups, even PTT was increased. Oral TXA increased nausea and vomiting experienced by patients in the intervention group (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Overall, oral TXA significantly reduced the intraoperative and postoperative bleeding, as well as the hospitalization duration in patients undergoing spinal surgery in comparison with the placebo group. Because of its anti-fibrinolytic properties, TXA effectively controlled bleeding. Thus, the intraoperative bleeding amount was decreased with the TXA administration.","PeriodicalId":43011,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Medical Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86702206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sedentary behavior and health outcomes in older adults: A systematic review","authors":"W. Taylor, K. Rix, A. Gibson, R. Paxton","doi":"10.3934/medsci.2020002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/medsci.2020002","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Older adults (≥ 60 years old) report prolonged periods of sedentary behavior. Sedentary behavior is a potential health hazard for this priority population. Therefore, we systematically reviewed the published literature to document the relationships among sedentary behaviors and twelve health outcomes ranging from mental health to mortality. Methods: Major databases were searched from 2013 to 2019; 27 relevant articles were found and evaluated. In addition, we compared our findings to a previously published review. Results: Higher levels of sedentary behavior were related to an increased risk of all-cause mortality and adversely associated with metabolic syndrome, triglycerides/high density lipoprotein cholesterol/blood glucose, HBA1C/glucose intolerance, waist circumference, and obesity/overweight when compared to those with lower levels of sedentary behavior. Findings for blood pressure, cancer, and mental health (e.g., dementia, mild cognitive impairment, psychological well-being) were insufficient to draw conclusions or had inconsistent results. Because some sedentary behaviors were protective for mental health, we recommend a taxonomy of sedentary behaviors for older adults to provide insights into these seemingly discrepant findings. Some of our findings were similar to a prior review while other findings were different. Conclusion: This systematic review identified the health outcomes that were sufficiently, insufficiently, or not affected by sedentary behavior. To advance the field, we recommend better methodological quality. To improve the overall health and wellbeing of older adults, future studies should evaluate interventions to decrease health-compromising and increase health-promoting sedentary behaviors among older adults.","PeriodicalId":43011,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Medical Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82804489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute infection with measles virus predisposes to mastoiditis with concomitant facial paralysis and neck abscess: A minireview of pathomechanism and diagnostic approach","authors":"A. I. Kabuga, Y. A. Hassan, Muhammad Ibrahim Getso","doi":"10.3934/medsci.2020016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/medsci.2020016","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the availability of safe, reliable, and cost-effective measles vaccine, we continue to experience dreadful measles outbreaks with devastating multisystem complications, especially in the pediatric age group. In most instances, the complications arise from a late presentation or delayed institution of appropriate care. With co-existence of measles virus and bacteria in the middle ear, suppurative otitis media can involve the mastoid process and causes fatal complications that manifest late when the patient is in a dire state. This short review highlights the pathogenic mechanisms leading to mastoiditis, facial paralysis, and neck abscess following acute infection with the measles virus, and outlines some useful diagnostic tips. In this review, we searched the international electronic database (PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase) and Google Scholar for articles published on complications of acute measles infection. The keywords used were “mastoiditis”, “mastoid antrum”, “middle ear”, “otitis media”, “Bezold’s abscess”, “facial paralysis” with an operator “OR”; “AND” measles; with restriction to the English language. Also, we searched for similar information in the local clinical and virology journals databases. Thereafter, we reviewed the publications and we described the findings qualitatively.","PeriodicalId":43011,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Medical Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88359548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and factors associated with chronic Hepatitis B infection among adults in the Central Highland, Vietnam","authors":"P. N. Thanh, Pham Hung Buon Ma Thuot Dak Lak Vietnam Epidemiology, Nguyen Thi Thi Tho, Tran Dac Phu, T. D. Quang, N. Duong, Vien Chinh Chien, P. T. Lan, Yec Xanh Hai Ba Trung Hanoi Vietnam Epidemiology","doi":"10.3934/medsci.2020023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/medsci.2020023","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of chronic hepatitis B infection and related factors among adult population in Central Highland, 2018. Methods: The study applied the cross-sectional descriptive design with the combination of structured interview and serological blood tests. There were 2428 respondents in 03 provinces, namely Kon Tum, Gia Lai, Dak Nong included in the study which was conducted from September to December 2018. Results: The prevalence of hepatitis B infection among adults in Central Highland was 11.2% with the positive uniformity among provinces in the region. The findings also showed that male adults, farmers and those who have relatives with liver disease and experienced the kidney dialysis possessed a higher rate of hepatitis B virus infection than the one of other groups. The findings also showed that the respondents had a low uptake of the vaccine among infected group (6.3%). Study subjects with vaccination were less affected by hepatitis B virus infection rate than the ones without vaccination. Conclusions: The high prevalence of chronic hepatitis B in the Central Highland indicates that it needs much more attention of Ministry of Health and local authorities for prevention of infection through mother-to-child transmission and early infection due to late immunization and more rescue investment for diagnostic, evaluation, follow up and treatment of people with chronic","PeriodicalId":43011,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Medical Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77583975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quick glance at Fanconi anemia and BRCA2/FANCD1","authors":"Salma M. AlDallal","doi":"10.3934/medsci.2019.4.326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/medsci.2019.4.326","url":null,"abstract":"Fanconi anemia (FA) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by multiple congenital malformations, progressive bone marrow failure, and susceptibility to cancer. The FA-D1 subtype is associated with biallelic mutations in the breast cancer 2 genes also known as FANCD1. Patients with this mutation display severe disease phenotype. In addition, different types of cancer other than breast cancer are associated with this mutation, such as leukemia, solid tumors of the central nervous system, etc. In this review, we have surveyed the literature on FA, FA genes, their biological roles, and specifically discussed the current information available on the FA-D1 disease subtype. The observations show that the timing of biallelic loss of BRCA2 can establish the specific cancer spectrum. The knowledge about effects of the FANCD1/BRCA2 mutation on FA and cancer pathogenesis can be used for further understanding the FA-D1 subtype of the disease.","PeriodicalId":43011,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Medical Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2019-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87671642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perceived strategies of Iranian nursing students in confronting with living challenges","authors":"E. Salmasi, M. Anoosheh, Z. Vanaki","doi":"10.3934/medsci.2019.4.268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/medsci.2019.4.268","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Nursing students experience many challenges in their life when entering adolescents and confronting nursing responsibilities. This study aimed to explore the undergraduate nursing students’ strategies in confronting with living challenges. Materials and methods: A conventional content analysis approach used. Nursing students were selected in a purposeful sampling method from universities in Khoy and Tabriz (Iran) and qualitative unstructured interviews were held with 18 undergraduate nursing students. Results: nine strategies were emerged: “Applying the problem-solving process”, “Self-controlling in stressful pressures”, “Maintaining interpersonal relationships”, “Ask for help to remove obstacles”, “Relying on own abilities and beliefs”, “Organizing the financial situations”, “Avoid from unpleasant situations”, “Impulsive behavior with adverse conditions”, and “Rule-based problem solving”. Conclusions: A deeper understanding of life management strategies can be a useful guide for the educational system and can help students and families to overcome stressful situations.","PeriodicalId":43011,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Medical Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2019-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75581402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An explorative study of current strategies to reduce sedentary behaviour in hospital wards","authors":"A. Mavroeidi, Lianne McInally, F. Tomasella, P. Dall, D. Skelton","doi":"10.3934/medsci.2019.4.285","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/medsci.2019.4.285","url":null,"abstract":"Prolonged sitting (or sedentary behaviour—SB) has profound detrimental effects on health and is associated with increased risk of chronic disease, hospitalisation and premature death. However, while in hospital, a person will spend the vast majority of the day sitting or lying down. A number of strategies have started to be implemented to counteract this phenomenon and get patients up and moving. This is the first explorative study that used device-based measurements of the postural physical activity of older hospitalised adults taking part in such initiatives. A total of 43 patients, mean age 83.8y (SD 8.3), wore a waterproofed activity monitor (activPAL3) for 4 days (including overnight); physical activity was analysed for waking hours. Interventions designed to get patients up and moving were introduced sequentially. Participants were grouped based on the highest level of intervention they received. There were 4 groups: “control” (n = 12), “education” (advice on SB reduction via infographics on the ward noticeboards, n = 12), “#endpjparalysis” (up and dressed by the nurses before 11: 30 am, n = 9), “personalised activity passports” (agreed by Occupational Therapists and other members of the multidisciplinary team with patients, on SB reduction, n = 10). ANOVA revealed the absence of any differences between the 4 groups for total sitting time (p = 0.989), time spent upright (standing and walking) (p = 0.700), number of sitting events (i.e. sit to stand transitions) (p = 0.418) and longest upright period (p = 0.915). This small explorative study of sequential initiatives within a ward setting to reduce SB found they were not successful. The cross-sectional service-improvement nature of the study limited the ability to assess change in individuals as interventions were introduced. Further work is warranted to untangle the determinants of SB in hospital settings and implement interventions of sustainable SB change in this setting.","PeriodicalId":43011,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Medical Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2019-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88273605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sexual and reproductive health literacy of the youth in Bandar Abbas","authors":"F. Dabiri, S. Hajian, A. Ebadi, F. Zayeri, S. Abedini","doi":"10.3934/medsci.2019.4.318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/medsci.2019.4.318","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Considering the high prevalence of complications, including unwanted pregnancies and high risk sexual behaviors among the Iranian youth population, the aim of this study was to evaluate the sexual and reproductive health literacy among the youth in Bandar Abbas. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Bandar Abbas in 2018. Sexual and reproductive health literacy information was collected using a researcher-made sexual and reproductive health literacy questionnaire (score range 0 to 100) from 400 young people who referred to Bandar Abbas marriage counseling center. Data was analyzed using SPSS 22 software. Results: The mean age of the participants (50.3% male and 49.7% female) was 23 ± 4 years. The mean total sexual and reproductive health literacy score was 54 ± 11, indicating an insufficient overall level of sexual and reproductive health literacy in the population. There was no difference in sexual and reproductive health literacy score between genders (P = 0.50). There was a direct correlation between education level and sexual and reproductive health literacy score (P < 0.001). The most common ways to access information related to sexual and reproductive health in this study were internet and virtual networks (48%), physicians and health care staff (47%). Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, it seems that policy makers should focus on educating health care providers regarding health literacy in order to promote the health literacy of the youth and society through virtual networks and websites affiliated with the health system.","PeriodicalId":43011,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Medical Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2019-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85416588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Laparoscopic uterosacral nerve block: A fertility preserving option in chronic pelvic pain","authors":"B. Jones, S. Saso, T. Bracewell-Milnes, J. Barcroft, J. Borley, T. Goroszeniuk, K. Lathouras, J. Yazbek, J. Richard Smith","doi":"10.3934/medsci.2019.4.260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/medsci.2019.4.260","url":null,"abstract":"Chronic pelvic pain (CPP) can cause extreme physical distress in women and has widespread socio-economic consequences. Nerve root blocks have become a safe and effective treatment modality in multiple specialties in both the diagnosis and treatment of pain. We describe a novel technique of a laparoscopic uterosacral nerve block (USNB) and demonstrate its effectiveness in the treatment of a complex case of CPP. USNB has potential diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic implications. It should therefore be considered as part of the multi-disciplinary management of women with CPP of suspected uterine origin such as adenomyosis, degenerating fibroids or following myomectomy.","PeriodicalId":43011,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Medical Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2019-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81873352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sexual health and its related factors among Iranian pregnant women: A review study","authors":"S. Alizadeh, H. Riazi, H. A. Majd, G. Ozgoli","doi":"10.3934/medsci.2019.4.296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/medsci.2019.4.296","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Sexual health is an important dimension of health. Pregnancy is a critical stage in women’s lives and can affect couples’ sexual health and matrimonial life due to physiological, anatomical and psychological changes in pregnancy. This review was conducted on Iranian studies to assess sexual health dimensions and influencing factors in Iranian pregnant women. Methods: This narrative review was carried out by performing a search in Iranian scientific articles published between 2000 and 2018, which considered the dimensions of sexual. Electronic databases including Magiran, Scientific information database (SID), web of science, PubMed, Scopus, and google scholar search engine were searched using the following keywords; sexual health, awareness, belief, attitude, sexual activity, sexual violence, prenatal, pregnancy, and pregnant women. Full text cross-sectional or cohort articles in Persian or English that were related to the field of sexual health of Iranian pregnant women were included in the review. Results: Among the initially identified 1383 articles, 63 met the inclusion criteria. Sexual health of pregnant women was examined and categorized into awareness, attitude, belief-activity, performance-satisfaction, quality of sexual life-sexual violence domains. Majority of studies assessed sexual violence (33 studies), followed by sexual function (24 studies), sexual satisfaction and quality of life (4 studies), and knowledge and attitudes about sexuality in pregnancy (4 studies). Main Conclusion: The review of published studies revealed that the level of awareness and attitude of Iranian pregnant women about sexual activity was low, while the level of sexual dysfunction and sexual violence in pregnancy was high. Therefore, the quality of purposeful care and counseling that have been provided hitherto in order to maintain and improve sexual health during pregnancy and even before pregnancy, should be improved. Further longitudinal and meta-analytic studies on the dimensions of sexual health, including sexual activity and sexual satisfaction are recommended.","PeriodicalId":43011,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Medical Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2019-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81039848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}