{"title":"Facing up to the inevitable: the experience of flood events and lessons learnt at St Michael and All Angels’ Church in Tirley, South West England","authors":"Adam Klups","doi":"10.1080/19455224.2023.2250405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19455224.2023.2250405","url":null,"abstract":"In July 2007, a disastrous flood struck Gloucestershire, in the southwest of England. The Grade I listed church of St Michael and All Angels in Tirley was inundated, resulting in its interior and churchyard being extensively damaged. Despite the disastrous flooding and the distress caused, Tirley’s church congregation, supported by the local community, the insurance company and many historic building professionals, resolved to renew their church. Their traumatic experience has presented opportunities to make the building more fit for purpose and more resilient to future flood events. It has deepened a sense of belonging and the valuing of heritage in the community and has ensured the historical continuity of the church and its many stories. Proactive planning will play a major part in facing up to future climate change-related challenges at Tirley church. New research is being planned to examine the effectiveness of existing flood mitigation measures, the overall condition of the building fabric and the church site. The anticipated outcome of this work is a bespoke Flood Impact and Protection Management Plan which will include a set of recommendations, which can be adopted to bolster flood resilience of this historic church, as well as other churches dealing with similar challenges.","PeriodicalId":43004,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Institute of Conservation","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134968362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Learning from incidents and recovering resiliently: integrating incident management into preventive care practices","authors":"Kelly McCauley Krish","doi":"10.1080/19455224.2023.2251548","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19455224.2023.2251548","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractFrom day-to-day events to the urgency of emergencies, the lessons and tools of incident management can be adapted for use in preventive care, supporting long-term preservation and institutional resiliency. To this end, interviews were conducted with 11 US-based institutions that have implemented some form of incident management system and these were then used to help clarify the state of the field and its needs moving forward. Incident management is not a straightforward process and a need for further guidance and tools to support it were highlighted in the interviews. However, the results also demonstrate that, when done effectively, systematic incident documentation, analysis and discussion can inform preventive care in many ways: providing data for risk assessments, improving emergency planning and response procedures, demonstrating the utility of preventive care practices, and allowing for data-driven decisions about the allocation of funding and resources for mitigation.Résumé« Apprendre des incidents et se rétablir de manière résiliente: intégrer la gestion des incidents dans les pratiques de prévention »Des événements quotidiens à l’urgence des situations de crise, les leçons et les outils de la gestion des incidents peuvent être adaptés pour être utilisés dans les actions préventives, en soutenant la préservation à long terme et la résilience institutionnelle. À cette fin, des entretiens ont été menés avec onze institutions établies aux États-Unis qui ont mis en place une certaine forme de système de gestion des incidents et ceux-ci ont ensuite été utilisés pour aider à clarifier l'état du terrain et ses besoins pour aller de l'avant. La gestion des incidents n'est pas un processus simple et le besoin de conseils et d'outils supplémentaires pour l’appuyer a été souligné dans les entretiens. Cependant, les résultats démontrent également que, lorsqu'ils sont effectués efficacement, la documentation, l'analyse et le débat systématiques sur les incidents peuvent éclairer les actes de prévention de plusieurs façons : fournir des données pour les évaluations des risques, améliorer les procédures de planification et d'intervention d'urgence, démontrer l'utilité des mesures préventives mises en oeuvre et permettre des décisions fondées sur des données concernant l’attribution de financements et de ressources pour l’atténuation des effets.Zusammenfassung„Aus Vorfällen lernen und sich widerstandsfähig erholen: Integration des Vorfallsmanagements in die präventive Praxis der Bestandserhaltung“Von zerstörten Kunstwerken bis hin zu undichten Dächern können die Lehren und Instrumente des Notfallmanagements für den Einsatz in der präventiven Betsnadserhaltung angepasst werden, um den langfristigen Erhalt und die institutionelle Resilienz zu unterstützen. Zu diesem Zweck wurden Interviews mit elf US-amerikanischen Einrichtungen geführt, die eine Form von Notfallmanagement-System eingeführt haben, und diese wurden dann genutzt um den Ist-Zustand s","PeriodicalId":43004,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Institute of Conservation","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134969228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Interpreting post-conflict values: conservation decision-making for Bosnian war-damaged manuscripts from the Oriental Institute in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina","authors":"Sara Leonowitz","doi":"10.1080/19455224.2023.2251642","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19455224.2023.2251642","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The destruction of libraries and archives is not an original tactic in warfare, but the result remains the same: the crippling of enemy morale by sabotaging their cultural achievements. After the Bosnian War (1992–1995), the Sarajevo Oriental Institute’s collection of 200,000+ Ottoman-era manuscripts was reduced to just 105 volumes. In November 2022, conservators at the Gazi Husrev-begova Library began a campaign to conserve the remaining manuscripts. Establishing these objects’ historical and current social, artistic, academic and economic values allows conservators and stakeholders to make ethically based treatment decisions that underpin a collaborative and mutually agreeable reconstruction effort. This article presents the preliminary findings of research into the usefulness of value assessments as a basis for conservation decision-making for war-damaged and war-affected objects. It will focus on the Dutch Cultural Heritage Agency’s system for collection valuation in determining the values associated with one of the 105 surviving volumes from the Oriental Institute.","PeriodicalId":43004,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Institute of Conservation","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134969608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dawn Rogala, Katelynn Averyt, Jessica Johnson, Brian Lione, Joanne Flores, William Tompkins
{"title":"Innovation and adaptation at the Smithsonian Institution in response to changing times and increased need","authors":"Dawn Rogala, Katelynn Averyt, Jessica Johnson, Brian Lione, Joanne Flores, William Tompkins","doi":"10.1080/19455224.2023.2249973","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19455224.2023.2249973","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article focusses on how the Smithsonian Institution’s staff and programmes are adapting in response to an evolving world and increasing requests for assistance. The Smithsonian is the world’s largest museum, education and research complex, with long-standing programmes focussed on capacity building in times of need. Central to this work is communication—listening, building trust among collaborators and prioritising cultural heritage communities in decision-making. This article highlights four activities currently helping to strengthen cultural resources and support colleagues in times of crisis: building on early experiences to inform and improve on-the-ground cultural rescue efforts domestically and abroad; learning to build local and government relationships impacting conservation efforts abroad; creating new heritage anti-trafficking courses for law enforcement that reflect current events and include the voices of in-country experts; and building networks of expertise to develop and implement a new institution-wide Shared Stewardship and Ethical Returns Policy. The common thread throughout these four programmes, each with different goals, is the importance of communication and collaboration.","PeriodicalId":43004,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Institute of Conservation","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134968372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tom Clareson, Ann Frellsen, Susan Duhl, Holly Herro, Vicki Lee
{"title":"Building a community of resilience and response—development of disaster response and training programmes","authors":"Tom Clareson, Ann Frellsen, Susan Duhl, Holly Herro, Vicki Lee","doi":"10.1080/19455224.2023.2254378","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19455224.2023.2254378","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractThe increasing impact of catastrophic disasters has inspired a strong network of cooperative disaster resiliency programmes focussing on protection and response for heritage collections and sites around the world. A dedicated community of professionals has developed successful partnership organisations that form a collaboration of institutions, first responders, local community groups and volunteers. At the core in the United States is a consortium of governmental and private organisations. Advocating for and safeguarding cultural heritage against risks draws on conventions, policy frameworks and guidance, becoming an imperative part of effective collection and site management. This article outlines the history, missions, interrelationship and expanded programming of this resolute, primarily volunteer community. The evolution of strategic disaster resilience in North America is non-linear, as are the histories of the organisations and individuals who have contributed to the nascent specialty. Key people and agencies are dedicated to protecting cultural assets and progressively improving and professionalising disaster resilience and recovery. The strategic, physical and psychological needs of disaster-affected communities are now standard management protocols for cultural heritage collections. Tangible documentation of these changes and interconnections are spread between professional repositories and personal archives, with minimal finding aids and dependence on individual memories. This information is gathered, regularly shared and updated as part of experiential training but seldom published in historical or scholarly articles. This article is intended to bridge the gap between a literature review and a record of experiences that have moved the profession of cultural heritage responder and their support organisations forward in time.Résumé« Construire une communauté de résilience et d'intervention: l’élaboration de programmes de formation et d'intervention en cas de catastrophe »L'impact croissant des catastrophes naturelles a inspiré un solide réseau de programmes coopératifs de résilience aux catastrophes axés sur la protection et l'intervention pour les collections et les sites du patrimoine dans le monde entier. Une communauté de professionnels engagés a développé des organisations de partenariat réussies qui apportent une collaboration entre institutions, premiers intervenants, groupes communautaires locaux et bénévoles. Au cœur des États-Unis se trouve un consortium d'organisations gouvernementales et privées. La défense et la sauvegarde du patrimoine culturel contre les risques s'appuient sur des conventions, des cadres politiques et des orientations, devenant un élément indispensable d'une gestion efficace des collections et des sites. Cet article décrit l'histoire, les missions, les interdépendances et la programmation élargie de cette communauté déterminée, principalement bénévole. L'évolution de la résilience stratégique aux ","PeriodicalId":43004,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Institute of Conservation","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134968541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"‘Never forget’: examining changes in materiality and preservation practices at the National September 11 Memorial & Museum, New York","authors":"Kerith Koss Schrager, Andrew Wolf","doi":"10.1080/19455224.2023.2250840","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19455224.2023.2250840","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractThe National September 11 Memorial & Museum commemorates specific traumatic moments in history—the February 26, 1993 bombing of the World Trade Center in New York and the catastrophic attacks of September 11, 2001. The recovered realia, exhibiting damage from the attacks, consists of many objects never intended to be preserved. Now 20 years later, the plastics, newspapers and corroded metals which served as placeholders connecting us with both the past and the innocent lives lost are beginning to age. In addition, the people who care for these artefacts may no longer have personal associations with the trauma; that is, the lived experience of the events which motivated the original caretakers. This paper discusses the current research conducted by museum staff related to how the conservation community navigates our own experiences, memories and evolving biases in interpreting trauma collections and how a human-centred approach of involving family members and survivors defines conservation priorities for objects meant to stay frozen in time.Résumé« ‘Ne jamais oublier’: examen des changements dans la matérialité et les pratiques de préservation au National September 11 Memorial & Museum de New York »Les Mémorial et Musée nationaux du 11 septembre commémorent des événements traumatisants particuliers dans l'histoire—l'attentat à la bombe du 26 février 1993 contre le World Trade Center à New York et les attentats désastreux du 11 septembre 2001. Les realia récupérés, montrant les dommages causés par les attentats, se composent de nombreux objets n'ayant jamais eu vocation à être conservés. Aujourd'hui, 20 ans plus tard, les plastiques, les journaux et les métaux corrodés qui ont servi de balises pour nous relier à la fois au passé et aux vies innocentes perdues commencent à vieillir. De plus, les personnes qui s'occupent de ces artefacts peuvent ne plus avoir de liens personnels avec le traumatisme; c'est-à-dire l'expérience vécue des événements qui ont motivé les premiers gardiens. Cet article fait état de la recherche actuelle menée par le personnel du Musée sur la manière dont la communauté de la conservation dirige nos propres expériences, souvenirs et biais évolutifs dans l'interprétation des collections liées à des traumatismes et comment une approche centrée sur l'être humain impliquant les membres de la famille et les survivants définit les priorités de conservation pour les objets destinés à rester figés dans le temps.Zusammenfassung„‘Niemals vergessen’: Untersuchung der Veränderungen in der Materialität und der Restaurierungspraktiken im National September 11 Memorial & Museum, New York“Das National September 11 Memorial & Museum erinnert an besondere traumatische Momente der Geschichte—den Bombenanschlag auf das World Trade Center in New York am 26. Februar 1993 und die katastrophalen Anschläge vom 11. September 2001. Die geborgenen Realien, die durch die Anschläge beschädigt wurden, bestehen aus vielen Objekten, die nie für eine l","PeriodicalId":43004,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Institute of Conservation","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134969692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cycles of change: enhancing collaboration and communication in Norwegian municipalities to strengthen heritage preparedness for extreme events","authors":"Nina Kjølsen Jernæs, Cecilie Flyen, Joel Taylor","doi":"10.1080/19455224.2023.2257263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19455224.2023.2257263","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractThis article considers the development of a framework to collaboratively identify and address the most pressing needs for application of climate change research to the preservation of cultural heritage in Norway. Its focus is on historic wooden buildings, at increased risk from fire and flood due to climate change. Drawing from the field of translational research, the MICHON project identified the need for targeted, systematic knowledge networks in preparedness planning for cultural heritage environments. This was developed through a combination of desk-based research and extensive collaboration with Norwegian municipalities, fire brigades and local communities. The process has included evaluation of policy and practice in diverse case sites to frame a networking methodology that builds on Lean Construction and the backwards planning method. The interaction between researcher and practitioner has been at the forefront of the project and the iterative design has already shown transformative impacts to both practice and research.Sammendrag«‘Cycles of change’; forsterking av samhandling og kommunikasjon i norske kommuner for å styrke arbeidet med beredskap for kulturminner ved akutte hendelser»Artikkelen tar for seg utviklingen av et rammeverk for å identifisere og adressere de viktigste behovene for anvendelse av klimaendringsforskning for bevaring av kulturarv i Norge. Fokuset er på historiske trebygninger, med økt risiko for brann og flom på grunn av klimaendringene. Med translasjonell forskning som metodisk utgangspunkt, identifiserte MICHON-prosjektet behovet for målrettede, systematiske kunnskapsnettverk i beredskapsplanlegging for kulturmiljøer, i tillegg til gjennomføring av øvelser. Dette er utviklet gjennom en kombinasjon av litteraturgjennomgang og omfattende samarbeid med norske kommuner, brannvesen og lokalsamfunn. Prosessen har inkludert evaluering av politikk og praksis på ulike områder for å lage et rammeverk for en nettverksmodell og som bygger på metodene for samarbeid som Lean Construction og bakoverplanlegging. Samspillet mellom forskning og praksis har vært utforsket i prosjektet, og den iterative fremgangsmåten har allerede vist gode effekter på tvers av fagfelt.Résumé«Cycles de changement: renforcer la collaboration et la communication dans les municipalités norvégiennes pour améliorer la préparation du patrimoine face aux événements extrêmes»Cet article envisage le développement d'un cadre permettant d’identifier et de répondre de manière collaborative aux besoins les plus urgents pour mettre en application la recherche sur le changement climatique, pour la préservation du patrimoine culturel en Norvège. Il se concentre sur les bâtiments historiques en bois, exposés à un risque accru d'incendie et d'inondation en raison du changement climatique. S'inspirant du domaine de la recherche translationnelle, le projet MICHON a identifié le besoin d’avoir des réseaux de savoirs ciblés et systématiques dans la planification de","PeriodicalId":43004,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Institute of Conservation","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134969690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Josep Grau-Bové reviews <i>Climatic and Environmental Threats to Cultural Heritage</i> , Robyn Sloggett and Marcelle Scott, Oxford, Routledge, 2023, 194 pp., 15 B/WIllustrations (paperback). ISBN 9780367756369","authors":"Josep Grau-Bové","doi":"10.1080/19455224.2023.2257436","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19455224.2023.2257436","url":null,"abstract":"\"Josep Grau-Bové reviews.\" Journal of the Institute of Conservation, ahead-of-print(ahead-of-print), pp. 1–2","PeriodicalId":43004,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Institute of Conservation","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134968991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"‘Art lovers of the world unite to aid Florence’: techniques to motivate the crowd in post-disaster heritage crowdfunding","authors":"Pakhee Kumar","doi":"10.1080/19455224.2023.2257271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19455224.2023.2257271","url":null,"abstract":"Crowdfunding relies heavily on public participation and public participation is subject to certain conditions, such as the motivation to participate and the effectiveness of the call to participate. Using the case of the 1966 Florence Flood, this article explores the techniques to motivate the crowd adopted by the Committee to Rescue Italian Art, a committee formed in the USA to help protect the heritage of Florence, and newspaper reports published in the USA between 1966 and 1968. Seven overlapping frames were evident in the news reports and the CRIA’s call: damage, fundraising, people, rescue, restoration, the committee and its actions, and the value of Florence. In essence, the techniques adopted to motivate people to participate in the post-disaster crowdfunding included: (1) the dependency on mainstream media; (2) frequent use of all available communication channels; (3) multiple types of calls for support; (4) emphasis on the value of Florence; (5) highlighting a shared sense of ownership; (6) giving a sense of urgency; and (7) evoking the memory of past disasters. While the news media worked to inform the public, CRIA worked to encourage them to participate. The media reports analysed did not leverage emotive content to attract crowd participation whereas the calls initiated by CRIA used some emotive content. The article concludes with a discussion on the implications for managing crowdfunding campaigns to utilise the power of decentralised collective action.","PeriodicalId":43004,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Institute of Conservation","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134969691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Michael H Berry, Joseph Leffler, Charles N Allen, Benjamin Sivyer
{"title":"Functional subtypes of rodent melanopsin ganglion cells switch roles between night and day illumination.","authors":"Michael H Berry, Joseph Leffler, Charles N Allen, Benjamin Sivyer","doi":"10.1101/2023.08.26.554902","DOIUrl":"10.1101/2023.08.26.554902","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs), contain the photopigment melanopsin, and influence both image and non-image forming behaviors. Despite being categorized into multiple types (M1-M6), physiological variability within these types suggests our current understanding of ipRGCs is incomplete. We used multi-electrode array (MEA) recordings and unbiased cluster analysis under synaptic blockade to identify 8 functional clusters of ipRGCs, each with distinct photosensitivity and response timing. We used Cre mice to drive the expression of channelrhodopsin in SON-ipRGCs, enabling the localization of distinct ipRGCs in the dorsal retina. Additionally, we conducted a retrospective unbiased cluster analysis of ipRGC photoresponses to light stimuli across scotopic, mesopic, and photopic intensities, aimed at activating both rod and cone inputs to ipRGCs. Our results revealed shared and distinct synaptic inputs to the identified functional clusters, demonstrating that ipRGCs encode visual information with high fidelity at low light intensities, but poorly at photopic light intensities, when melanopsin activation is highest. Collectively, our findings support a framework with at least 8 functional subtypes of ipRGCs, each encoding luminance with distinct spike outputs, highlighting the inherent functional diversity and complexity of ipRGCs and suggesting a reevaluation of their contributions to retinal function and visual perception under varying light conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":43004,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Institute of Conservation","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10760181/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82453116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}