Vestnik Mezhdunarodnykh Organizatsii-International Organisations Research Journal最新文献

{"title":"Emerging Regulation for the Digital Economy: Challenges and Opportunities for Multilateral Global Governance","authors":"M. Larionova, A. Shelepov","doi":"10.17323/1996-7845-2021-01-02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17323/1996-7845-2021-01-02","url":null,"abstract":"The role of information and communications technology (ICT), high-speed communication infrastructure, digital content and the digital economy is expected to grow in the post-pandemic society. Simultaneously, competition for digital technologies and solutions and the contest to influence norms, standards and regulatory mechanisms is escalating. The new regulatory mechanisms and approaches are concurrently being shaped in the key international institutions, including the United Nations (UN), the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), the World Trade Organization (WTO), the Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development (OECD), the European Union (EU), the Group of 20 (G20) and the BRICS group of Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa.This article presents analysis of the current cooperation on issues of digital economy regulation within the main international institutions. The study aims to assess the influence of the existing and emerging regulatory mechanisms on the balance of power between the key international actors.This assessment of the emerging mechanisms’ impact on the balance of power among international actors indicates that advantages and leverage capabilities accruing from them are distributed unevenly. The advanced members of the OECD and the G20 gain significant advantages, and there is a risk that the new mechanisms will consolidate the balance of power embodied by the Bretton Woods system, which has successfully resisted decades-long endeavors for its reform.However, regulation of the digital economy is not yet built as an established order. A window of opportunity was opened in 2020, not only to implement the G20’s 2008 pledge to reform the international financial and economic architecture, but also to build a new digital economy governance system, ensuring thatemerging markets and developing countries have a voice in decision-making commensurate with their weight in the global economy.The article is structured in three parts. The introduction presents the research questions and objectives and describes the parameters of comparative analysis and influence assessment criteria. The second section reviews the emerging mechanisms and instruments and reflects on their influence on the balance of power. The third section puts forward conclusions and recommendations for enhancing the influence of emerging markets and developing countries on the shaping and functioning of the emerging digital economy’s regulatory mechanisms.","PeriodicalId":42976,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Mezhdunarodnykh Organizatsii-International Organisations Research Journal","volume":"16 1","pages":"29-63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46145214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"BRICS’ Contribution to the Global Transition to Sustainable Consumption and Production Patterns","authors":"A. Sakharov, I. Andronova","doi":"10.17323/1996-7845-2021-01-01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17323/1996-7845-2021-01-01","url":null,"abstract":"The rationalization of production and consumption patterns lies at the core of sustainable development as it determines the level of anthropogenic impact on the environment, which is ultimately the subject of all international climate arrangements. This topic broadly encompasses not only sustainable development goal (SDG) 12, but also certain aspects of SDGs 7 and 11. The role of BRICS countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa) in promoting the concept of sustainability globally is determined by their place among the leading producers and consumers of natural resources and emitters of pollutants, as well as the parties to major global agreements in this area. This article focuses on the institutional contribution of the BRICS agenda to the international community's efforts to achieve the SDG targets related to the rationalization of resource production and consumption. In addition, because the socio-economic crisis of 2020 caused by the COVID-19 pandemic is seen as one of the factors impeding the implementation of the goals, the article also highlights the impact of COVID-19 and the crisis response of BRICS governments on long-term strategic planning for sustainable development.","PeriodicalId":42976,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Mezhdunarodnykh Organizatsii-International Organisations Research Journal","volume":"16 1","pages":"7-28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41742362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Current State of, and Perspectives on, Foreign Trade Between the EU and Central Asia in a Period of Geoeconomic Change","authors":"E. Kašťáková, M. Žatko, Natália Barinková","doi":"10.17323/1996-7845-2021-01-07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17323/1996-7845-2021-01-07","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines the current foreign trade relations between the EU and Central Asia. Based on econometric analysis, it sets out possible perspectives for the further development of mutual trade relations in the time of geoeconomic changes. As one of the most important integration groupings in the world, the EU has a significant influence in promoting its foreign trade interests. Central Asia is a part of Asia consisting of several states that are members of different regional integration groupings with different priorities. The result of the research is an analysis of mutual foreign trade relations. Character and perspective of mutual trade relations is assessed by using of selected one-factor indicators (trade complementarity index and trade intensity index). With the help of time-series forecast model, the article also tries to estimate the future development of EU exports as well as EU imports in relation to Central Asian countries. While the EU imports from Central Asian countries are dominated by minerals and fuels in the long term, EU exports consist of more sophisticated and diversified production. This represents the potential for further development of the business relationships and growth of mutual trade. In the case of favourable circumstances, a continuing growth trend in trade can be expected, especially on the side on EU exports.","PeriodicalId":42976,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Mezhdunarodnykh Organizatsii-International Organisations Research Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48082512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"G20 in the Second Decade of the 21st Century.Steering the World Towards Inclusive Growthand Sustainable Development","authors":"S. Lukash","doi":"10.17323/1996-7845-2021-02-01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17323/1996-7845-2021-02-01","url":null,"abstract":"In 2020, the world community, states and citizens faced the serious global challenge. The COVID-19 pandemic jeopardized the implementation of the goals of sustainable development and inclusive growth, and has become a major challenge for the international cooperation and the action of global institutions. Being the main platform for cooperation among the world's leading economies, the G20 is often criticized for its inability to effectively withstand crises. However, as shown in this article, the G20 managed to quickly implement a coordinated set of large-scale measures to overcome the pandemic and its consequences and become a coordinator of anti-crisis actions. The author concludes that the unique characteristics of the G20 will allow it to remain the flagship of international efforts to ensure strong, sustainable, balanced and inclusive growth of the world economy, and suggests a number of priorities for the implementation of which the G20 agenda should be aimed at in the near future.","PeriodicalId":42976,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Mezhdunarodnykh Organizatsii-International Organisations Research Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44680969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"G20 and Global Risk Analysis","authors":"E. Gurvich, I. Prilepskiy","doi":"10.17323/1996-7845-2021-02-04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17323/1996-7845-2021-02-04","url":null,"abstract":"This article studies the work carried out by the Group of 20 (G20) between the global crises of 2008¬–09 and 2020. Active G20 efforts to ensure financial stability and control imbalances helped to mitigate vulnerabilities to crises of the 2008–09 type. Other key achievements included the transition of several G20 members to market-determined exchange rates and the Standard for Automatic Exchange of Financial Account Information as a part of the effort to combat base erosion and profit shifting. However, the G20 proved unprepared for the 2020 crisis, even though G20 leaders had noted the risks linked to infectious diseases in 2015. During the period between the crises, the G20 failed to establish an effective system for analyzing global risks. Indeed, its analysis was mainly adaptive as opposed to forward-looking; no mechanism was formed for controlling policies to manage risks. G20 members’ involvement in the analysis was inadequate, reflecting the consistent pattern of lower incentives for cooperation in the context of comparatively benign global economic conjunctures. Currently, however, the importance of managing global systemic risks is obvious and is reflected in the G20 Action Plan for supporting the global economy through the COVID-19 pandemic. This article presents recommendations for the key elements of this risk management (systematic identification of most probable/destructive vulnerabilities; development of strategies to minimize critical risks and mitigate their possible consequences; monitoring for early warning signs of the most critical vulnerabilities; organizing prompt consultations and adopting swift measures in response to the materialization of globally important risks), including mechanisms for members’ self-accountability and collaboration with international organizations. Management of systemic risks should start with resolving the challenges related to the COVID-19 pandemic: improving public health response systems; promoting structural economic transformations while ensuring prompt return to full employment; and striking the right balance between economic stimulus and macroeconomic stability.","PeriodicalId":42976,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Mezhdunarodnykh Organizatsii-International Organisations Research Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43052572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainable Development and Digitalization: The Unusual COVID-19 Crisis Requires Original Solutions","authors":"T. Lanshina, V. Barinova, A. Kondratyev, M. Romantsov","doi":"10.17323/1996-7845-2020-04-05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17323/1996-7845-2020-04-05","url":null,"abstract":"This article provides a content analysis of over 20 policy proposals for coping with the COVID-19 crisis that have been published by influential international organizations, governments, corporations, academics and civil society groups The current situation, the role of digitalization during the crisis, and the composition of anti-crisis measures already taken by the worldʼs largest economies are investigated, and long-term measures are proposed aimed at restoring the global economy and moving toward more equitable and sustainable development The authors identify a significant green component in public policy proposals published since the pandemic began and note that many proposals relate to equity and inclusiveness in development and meeting the needs of individuals The authors further identify key areas of sustainable development that require action in the near future and which can create new opportunities for economic development: renewable energy and clean transport, cyclical economy, digitalization and environmental protection At the same time, it is noted that the transition to a green economy is of a long-term nature and may conflict with the need in the short term to support the economy in overcoming the crisis These priority areas for government action require attention within the framework of Russiaʼs anti-crisis policy Given the sharp drop in oil prices, the acceleration of digitalization and decarbonization, and the magnitude of the 2020 economic crisis, Russia needs to begin an accelerated transition to low-carbon energy, a cyclical economy and the restoration of its ecosystems with accelerated digitalization © 2020, International Organisations Research Journal All Rights Reserved","PeriodicalId":42976,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Mezhdunarodnykh Organizatsii-International Organisations Research Journal","volume":"15 1","pages":"91-114"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48348176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainable Development in Canada’s Arctic Territories: Goals and Results","authors":"A. Sakharov, I. Andronova","doi":"10.17323/1996-7845-2020-04-07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17323/1996-7845-2020-04-07","url":null,"abstract":"The sustainable development agenda is gaining singular prominence in the context of studying development challenges in the Arctic. This region is particularly vulnerable to climate change and its ramifications and faces, due to its geographical remoteness, some of the greatest challenges in terms of the socio-economic aspects highlighted in the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. This article reviews the experience of Canada, as a large northern country with vast territories and water areas beyond the Arctic Circle, in implementing national strategies and programmes for the development of its Arctic territories. The article identifies effective policy measures to create favourable conditions for sustainable socio-economic development through an analysis of the actual dynamics of key sustainable development indicators in Canada’s northern territories.Socio-economic development of the northern territories - Nunavut, Northwest Territories and Yukon - is one of the key priorities of Canada’s strategic development plans. These include the Federal Sustainable Development Strategy, the Northern Strategy and the Arctic and Northern Policy document. The following indicators were selected to analyze the implementation of these plans: population dynamics, life expectancy, gross regional product (GRP), unemployment rate, level of education of the population, share of economically active population, labour productivity, balance of regional budgets, federal subsidies in the structure of regional budgets, number of educational institutions, share of new renewable energy sources in the structure of electricity production, greenhouse gas emissions per capita, and hydrocarbons extraction.","PeriodicalId":42976,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Mezhdunarodnykh Organizatsii-International Organisations Research Journal","volume":"15 1","pages":"140-162"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48580906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review of the IMF Working Paper “Tec(h)tonic Shifts: Taxing the “Digital Economy”","authors":"A. Shelepov","doi":"10.17323/1996-7845-2020-04-11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17323/1996-7845-2020-04-11","url":null,"abstract":"The working paper is devoted to the issues of taxation in the digital economy. The main focus is on the concept of \"user value\". The authors argue that the widespread adoption of this concept has led to developing new approaches to calculating this value and the subsequent taxation of companies that profit from the use of user data. The working paper examines the steps taken at the country level to develop taxation based on user value and the difficulties of implementing the concept. Nevertheless, the authors come to the conclusion that reforming the global tax system in this direction is inevitable.","PeriodicalId":42976,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Mezhdunarodnykh Organizatsii-International Organisations Research Journal","volume":"15 1","pages":"204-209"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42010616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Что стоит за цифровым налогом: вызовы борьбы Европейского союза за технологический суверенитет","authors":"Nicola Bilotta","doi":"10.17323/1996-7845-2020-04-02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17323/1996-7845-2020-04-02","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic has laid bare how critical digital platforms are to the functioning of our economy Big Tech companies are likely going to emerge stronger from the COVID-19 emergency, due to the massive surge in demand for public, retail and corporate digital services This megatrend has consolidated the dominant market position of digital multinationals – almost all of them from the US – in the EU markets, raising critical questions ranging from the EU’s ambition for technological sovereignty to the much more urgent issue of how Big Tech’s profits should be taxed The “digital tax” issue – already the source of a lively international debate before COVID-19 – has gained in prominence as it would be an important instrument for governments in dire need of raising money to finance the post-pandemic economic recovery With the digital tax included the Next Generation EU recovery fund presented by the European Commission, the EU is expected to further consolidate its global leadership in tech regulations However, European regulatory activism could also raise barriers to transatlantic trade and investments, thus producing new tensions with the US © 2020, International Organisations Research Journal All Rights Reserved","PeriodicalId":42976,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Mezhdunarodnykh Organizatsii-International Organisations Research Journal","volume":"15 1","pages":"30-47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47480771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Что означает понятие «суверенитет» в цифровом мире?","authors":"Stéphane Couture, Sophie Toupin","doi":"10.17323/1996-7845-2020-04-03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17323/1996-7845-2020-04-03","url":null,"abstract":"Статья посвящена особенностям употребления понятия «суверенитет» в реалиях цифровизации. Рассматриваемое понятие все чаще используется для описания всевозможных форм независимости, контроля и автономии в отношении элементов цифровой инфраструктуры, технологий и данных. Представленный анализ основывается на результатах предшествующих и текущих исследований (с привлечением специалистов и экспертов), в рамках которых авторы обнаруживают примеры применения понятия «суверенитет» для описания технологических процессов, которые существенно отличаются от деятельности государств. Авторы рассматривают ряд публикаций, чтобы продемонстрировать разнообразие существующих подходов, принятых в рамках различных групп и объединений. Наглядно показано, что хотя в отдельных случаях понятие «суверенитет» используется для установления некой формы коллективного контроля над цифровой информацией и (или) инфраструктурой, возможны и совершенно иные подходы к определению рассматриваемого понятия.","PeriodicalId":42976,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Mezhdunarodnykh Organizatsii-International Organisations Research Journal","volume":"15 1","pages":"48-69"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43642804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}