Vestnik Mezhdunarodnykh Organizatsii-International Organisations Research Journal最新文献

{"title":"Saving the SDGs? Strengthening partnership for achieving SDGs in the Post-Covid-19 Digital World","authors":"M. Larionova","doi":"10.17323/1996-7845-2020-04-08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17323/1996-7845-2020-04-08","url":null,"abstract":"The 2020, intended to give a good start to the Decade of Action to achieve SDGs by the target date of 2030, became a year of unprecedented health, social and economic crisis The COVID-19 pandemic plunged the world into the worst global recession since the Great Depression, reversed progress across the full range of the SDGs jeopardizing the Agenda 2030 implementation To build back better it is vital to assess the COVID-19 pandemic impact on economic growth and sustainable development and reflect on how to reenergize partnerships for saving the SDGs This article aims to assess the COVID-19 pandemic impact on economic growth and sustainable development and offer recommendations on international cooperation and partnerships for saving the SDGs It article reviews estimates of the triple crisis toll on the goals implementation It then looks at the key international institutions’ initiatives to support developing countries in their response to the pandemic and associated economic shocks The article concludes by outlining priorities for strengthening international cooperation on sustainable development which include incorporation of key components of digitalization into the SDGs as concrete targets and indicators and a comprehensive G20-led debt relief initiative providing for the released funds allocation to poverty and inequality eradication, health and education – related SDGs © 2020, International Organisations Research Journal All Rights Reserved","PeriodicalId":42976,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Mezhdunarodnykh Organizatsii-International Organisations Research Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45629639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Что означает понятие «суверенитет» в цифровом мире?","authors":"Stéphane Couture, Sophie Toupin","doi":"10.17323/1996-7845-2020-04-03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17323/1996-7845-2020-04-03","url":null,"abstract":"Статья посвящена особенностям употребления понятия «суверенитет» в реалиях цифровизации. Рассматриваемое понятие все чаще используется для описания всевозможных форм независимости, контроля и автономии в отношении элементов цифровой инфраструктуры, технологий и данных. Представленный анализ основывается на результатах предшествующих и текущих исследований (с привлечением специалистов и экспертов), в рамках которых авторы обнаруживают примеры применения понятия «суверенитет» для описания технологических процессов, которые существенно отличаются от деятельности государств. Авторы рассматривают ряд публикаций, чтобы продемонстрировать разнообразие существующих подходов, принятых в рамках различных групп и объединений. Наглядно показано, что хотя в отдельных случаях понятие «суверенитет» используется для установления некой формы коллективного контроля над цифровой информацией и (или) инфраструктурой, возможны и совершенно иные подходы к определению рассматриваемого понятия.","PeriodicalId":42976,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Mezhdunarodnykh Organizatsii-International Organisations Research Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43642804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Digital Divide in Developing Countries","authors":"Y. Subramaniam, T. A. Masron, N. Hadiyan, S. H. Hassan","doi":"10.17323/1996-7845-2020-04-06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17323/1996-7845-2020-04-06","url":null,"abstract":"Poverty has been a critical issue for a long time and continues to affect developing countries in the era of booming digitalization. This study investigates the contribution of digitalization to poverty alleviation, confirming that it can promote economic growth. However, utilizing a sample of 37 developing countries in 2014 and 2016, this study observes that the extremely poor are deprived of their share of the benefits that digitalization can offer. Therefore, while strategies to further promote digitalization are critical to economic development, support systems or policies meant to bring those in extreme poverty into mainstream development are badly needed.","PeriodicalId":42976,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Mezhdunarodnykh Organizatsii-International Organisations Research Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46082200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regional Perspective of Digitalization in BRICS","authors":"A. Morozkina","doi":"10.17323/1996-7845-2020-04-04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17323/1996-7845-2020-04-04","url":null,"abstract":"This article is aimed at evaluation of regional digital inequality in BRICS countries. Using the data for 2014-2018 on internet usage and access to fixed broadband author calculates inequality ratios, including coefficient of variation and Theil index. Also author analyzes rural/urban differences and their dynamics. On the base of this calculations author shows decrease of regional inequality in all five countries. Further analysis is devoted to national digitalization strategies, which are aimed at development of remote areas and bridging digital divide. Author shows that there are measures in each strategy aimed at bridging digital divide on all three levels (infrastructure, usage and results). In a final part of the article author suggests directions for cooperation in BRICS, including exchange of best practices in realization of national strategies, composition of best practices in integrated measures aimed at development of remote areas and joint financing using opportunities provided by the New Development Bank.","PeriodicalId":42976,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Mezhdunarodnykh Organizatsii-International Organisations Research Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45100768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Internet Governance: System Imbalances and Ways to Resolve Them","authors":"S. Vasilkovsky, A. Ignatov","doi":"10.17323/1996-7845-2020-04-01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17323/1996-7845-2020-04-01","url":null,"abstract":"The spread of digital technologies has led to the global digitalization of all types of public activities. The digital economy emerging during this process has become a leading factor in world economic growth and one of the criteria of national development. The digital economy is based on the Internet, which ensures the functioning of new business models, forms of social interaction and public diplomacy. The Internet governance system differs from other modern international systems of public and political relations in that the leading role in it is played by non-governmental organizations, in particular, the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) and the Internet Society (ISOC). The activities of states are significantly limited by the basic properties of the system, which complicates the implementation of the state’s digital sovereignty. The aim of this article is to determine ways to resolve this discrepancy.Analyzing the current state of Internet governance, the authors outline the key characteristics that lead to potential conflict. These include decentralization, an insufficient evaluative level of accountability and lack of legitimacy. The authors analyze ICANN and ISOC toolkits and identify the key instruments that actually make organizations central to the Internet governance system. In conclusion, the authors provide recommendations for action by the international community to mitigate the identified imbalances.The article was written on the basis of the RANEPA state assignment research programme","PeriodicalId":42976,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Mezhdunarodnykh Organizatsii-International Organisations Research Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47214974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards to Digital: A Review of OECD Reports on the Development and Impact of Online Platforms","authors":"S. Vasilkovsky","doi":"10.17323/1996-7845-2020-04-10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17323/1996-7845-2020-04-10","url":null,"abstract":"Online platforms assumed an important role in the economy and society. They have brought significant benefits to consumers, businesses and governments, for example, by helping them more efficiently interact with significant number of people, trading partners and clients as well as provide government services. In the review the author observes reports of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development on the characteristics of digital platforms and their impact on the economy, society and politics. In addition, the author will touch upon the issues of labor market regulation, taxation, as well as the problems of ensuring the confidentiality of the collection, storage and use of data.","PeriodicalId":42976,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Mezhdunarodnykh Organizatsii-International Organisations Research Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49214019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Monroe Doctrine 2.0 and U.S.-China-Latin America Trilateral Relations","authors":"M. Pires, L. Nascimento","doi":"10.17323/1996-7845-2020-03-08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17323/1996-7845-2020-03-08","url":null,"abstract":"The election of Donald Trump caused a change in the direction of U.S. foreign policy for Latin America with the imposition of new sanctions on the Cuban government (starting a new cold war with the island) and the attempted regime changes in Venezuela and Nicaragua, whose governments are seen as a threat by Washington’s elite. In September 2018, during a speech at the opening session of the United Nations General Assembly in New York, Donald Trump took up the principles of the Monroe Doctrine as formal a U.S. policy and rejected the alleged interference of foreign states in the western hemisphere and in the internal affairs of the United States — a direct allusion to China and Russia. This change in U.S. policy toward Latin America has had a great impact on Sino-Latin American relations in the context of political pressures and aggressive rhetoric seeking to curb the Chinese presence there. This article explores the motivation behind the new attitude of the United States in its relations with Latin America and how it impacts Sino-Latin American relations.","PeriodicalId":42976,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Mezhdunarodnykh Organizatsii-International Organisations Research Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2020-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47442171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"E-commerce Trade and Data Localization: A Developing Country Perspective","authors":"A. Mukhopadhyay","doi":"10.17323/1996-7845-2020-03-06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17323/1996-7845-2020-03-06","url":null,"abstract":"This article explores the issue of data localization by capturing all relevant debates and discussion around it It investigates issues related to data management, storage, and ownership, followed by the data safety and security concerns of developing countries in a rapidly changing digital world Storing data locally can be an effective way to tackle these concerns Data localization can bring the data storing market price down It can inject sufficient incentive to spur technological innovation in the system If workable templates of data safety and privacy frameworks can be built locally, consumers’ rights will also be protected Data localization also has the potential to positively contribute to effective redressal of damages in developing countries related to data leakage The COVID-19 pandemic has considerably sharpened existing conflicts in the e-commerce ecosystem Treating this crisis as an opportunity and pushing for digital data safety and security by means of data localization is the ideal strategy for developing and emerging economies to adopt © 2020","PeriodicalId":42976,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Mezhdunarodnykh Organizatsii-International Organisations Research Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2020-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42105915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Векторы цифровой трансформации","authors":"Angela Attrey, Anne Carblanc, David Gierten, Dirk Pilat, Andrew W. Wyckoff, Brian Kahin","doi":"10.17323/1996-7845-2020-03-01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17323/1996-7845-2020-03-01","url":null,"abstract":"Фокусом настоящего доклада является оценка многочисленных вызовов, которые цифровая трансформация бросает существующей политической практике. В подавляющем большинстве своем, политические меры сегодня вырабатываются, исходя из того, что продукты и активы материальны; что географические границы и локации являются фиксированными; что существуют транзакционные издержки, ограничивающие масштабы и охват взаимодействий и продуктовых предложений; и что спрос и предложения формируются в условиях ограниченности ресурсов. Цифровая трансформация радикальным образом воздействует на все эти факторы и эффективность основывающейся на их анализе политики. Концентрируясь, скорее, на природе обусловленных цифровой трансформацией перемен, а не на технологиях самих по себе, доклад является попыткой предложить всеобъемлющий взгляд на происходящие изменения для достижения понимания на более фундаментальном уровне того, где при выработке политики будут возникать точки напряжения. Авторы стремятся раскрыть последствия цифровой трансформации для политики в различных сферах, с тем чтобы выработать аргументы в пользу целостного, кросс-секторального подхода к разработке последовательных и взаимно усиливающих друг друга политических мер. Цель доклада состоит в том, чтобы дать старт разработке чек-листа, с которым можно было бы сопоставлять действующие и вновь разрабатываемые политические меры для оценки их целесообразности и соответствия требованиям цифровой эпохи. В докладе рассматриваются три ключевые направления, по которым цифровая трансформация воздействует на модели функционирования экономики и общества, а именно: i) масштаб, охват и скорость; ii) собственность, активы и экономическая ценность; и iii) отношения, рынки и экосистемы. Эти три направления рассматриваются через призму семи «векторов» цифровой трансформации, пронизывающих практически все области политики. Изменения в масштабе, охвате и скорости являются результатом конверсии информации в цифровые биты, которые могут обрабатываться и анализироваться компьютерами. Удешевление и ускорение оцифровки информации, экспоненциально нараставшие в последние 50 лет, влияют на природу активов, которые генерируют ценность, а также на то, как распределяются права собственности и где создается ценность. В свою очередь, эти изменения, подкрепленные появлением цифровых платформ, воздействуют на структуру и функционирование рынков и тем самым создают новые экосистемы предложения, спроса и обмена. А уже эти сдвиги влияют на то, как развиваются, поддерживаются и локализуются отношения, как экономические, так и социальные. Для каждого из семи векторов цифровой трансформации в докладе приводятся примеры последствий для политики, а в ряде случаев описываются возможные подходы к адаптации политики. Будучи иллюстративными, эти примеры позволяют сформировать дополнительную точку зрения на векторы цифровой трансформации. Значимую роль при разработке настоящего доклада сыграли комментарии Комитета ОЭСР по политике в сфере цифровой эконо","PeriodicalId":42976,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Mezhdunarodnykh Organizatsii-International Organisations Research Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2020-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46988920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"China’s Path Selection in Global Governance Reform","authors":"Jiejin Zhu","doi":"10.17323/1996-7845-2020-03-10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17323/1996-7845-2020-03-10","url":null,"abstract":"With the rise of China, reforming the global governance institutions has become an important part of China’s diplomacy. Based on whether to build new international rules or reinterpret or redeploy the existing ones, we can divide the rising power’s paths in global governance reform into four types: displacement, layering, conversion and avoidance. Why does China adopt different paths toward reforming the existing international institutions which are dominated by the U.S.? Building on the theory of “gradual institutional change” in historical institutionalism, this article argues that the veto capability of the established power and the flexibility of the existing international institution are two determinants of the rising power’s path selection in global governance reform. It applies this theoretical framework to explain China’s behaviour in four issue areas: sovereign credit rating, the international monetary system, free trade agreements and multilateral development banks. In sovereign credit rating, the strong veto capability of the U.S. and the low flexibility of the existing international credit rating institution make China adopt the path of avoidance. In the international monetary system, the strong veto capability of the U.S. and the high flexibility of the International Monetary Fund’s special drawing rights make China adopt the path of layering. In free trade agreements, the weak veto capability of the U.S. and low flexibility of the Trans-Pacific Partnership make China adopt the path of displacement. In multilateral development banks, the weak veto capability of the U.S. and high flexibility of World Bank rules make China adopt the path of conversion.","PeriodicalId":42976,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik Mezhdunarodnykh Organizatsii-International Organisations Research Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2020-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44685461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}