English Text Construction最新文献

{"title":"Anjali Pandey, Monolingualism and Linguistic Exhibitionism in Fiction. 2016. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-1-137-34035-1. 302 pp.: Reviewed by Noémie Nélis (University of Namur)","authors":"Noémie Nélis","doi":"10.1075/ETC.10.1.09NEL","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/ETC.10.1.09NEL","url":null,"abstract":"Anjali Pandey’s Monolingualism and Linguistic Exhibitionism in Fiction investigates multilingualism in prize-winning English fiction, and explores the ways in which such fiction reflects and sustains global linguistic hierarchies and asymmetries. More specifically, it examines how literature ‘sells’ linguistic desire (p. 3) and how it seems to value one specific set of languages (Western languages, from the ‘centre’) over another (languages from the ‘periphery’). Pandey’s main goal is to demonstrate how ubiquitous media formats such as the global literary bestseller help to both construct and preserve the linguistic hegemony of, mostly, English, and how this is enabled by the enormous economic and symbolic value that literary prizes have quite recently acquired. Pandey’s approach is both macroand micro-oriented, focusing simultaneously on the socio-economics of production and on the internal formal and linguistic structure of the novels analysed. The framework adopted is inclusive of orientations in both linguistics and literary studies and is based, mostly, on literary sociolinguistics. Pandey’s first chapter offers a definition of the post-global world, a striking feature of which, she argues, is that, while multilingualism apparently enjoys an enhanced visibility, it is at the same time reduced to a standardized, monolingual norm: ‘other’ languages are soon made recognizable, equivalent, and transparent to monolingual speakers – most frequently, of English. Such momentary multilingualism Pandey calls ‘linguistic exhibitionism’ or ‘cosmetic multilingualism’ – features which, ultimately, only serve to spotlight the predominance and ubiquity of English across all domains of contemporary life. One such domain is that of literary creation, in which ‘foreign’ words are most often italicized, which makes their otherness visible – but only momentarily, and in a text that is otherwise in familiar, transparent English. Singularity, transparency and cultural equivalency, Pandey claims, are thus privileged over plurality, opacity and semiotic difference (p. 21). The hierarchies of value that such creations encode make perfect market sense, as they allow novels to appeal concurrently to both local and global audiences, the former attracted by an apparent authenticity and visibility, the latter by a trendy standardization and invisibility. In Chapter 2, Pandey details the workings of the business of literary production, focusing mostly on literary prize-consecration, canonicity, and academic","PeriodicalId":42970,"journal":{"name":"English Text Construction","volume":"10 1","pages":"171-177"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1075/ETC.10.1.09NEL","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59425177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Weideman, 2017. Responsible Design in Applied Linguistics: Theory and Practice","authors":"Ward Peeters, J. Linnegar, Marilize Pretorius, M. Vulović","doi":"10.1075/ETC.10.1.10PEE","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/ETC.10.1.10PEE","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42970,"journal":{"name":"English Text Construction","volume":"10 1","pages":"179-185"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1075/ETC.10.1.10PEE","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59425282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The significance of theme","authors":"Eirian C. Davies","doi":"10.1075/ETC.10.2.06DAV","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/ETC.10.2.06DAV","url":null,"abstract":"This paper explores the area of mismatches between the grammatical semantics of definite NPs and equivalent features actually operative in common ground in a given context of utterance. It does so with a view to examining the provision for accounting for their significance in terms of a Prague School approach and in terms of Systemic Functional Linguistics; and finds problems, of different kinds, with both these approaches. The rhetorical exploitation of such mismatching demonstrated by opening a text in medias res is discussed; and a third approach, that of “significance generation”, is proposed. This approach of significance generation, which has previously been applied with respect to the meaningfulness of different sentence types, is proposed here as offering a new perspective on a confusing area of different kinds of meaningfulness in the treatment of theme. It involves a “change of gear” between features of meaning associated with the forms of language (linguistic semantics) and features operative in a context of their use. It is based on the claim that a single variable, such as ‘± given’, may have a different value according to whether it is derived from “context as is”, or from the semantics of the linguistic expression used in that context. For example, the linguistic semantics may indicate ‘+ given’, where there is nothing in context to validate this, and so the value as derived from context would be ‘− given’. By allowing for features from these two different sources to clash, this approach provides for a significance outcome, seen as a category in pragmatics which is the product of their combination, to be different from both of them: that is, here, “clash” , as opposed to either ‘+ given’ or ‘− given’. In so doing, I suggest that it provides a framework in terms of which to account for ways in which such opposition may be exploited for rhetorical effect.","PeriodicalId":42970,"journal":{"name":"English Text Construction","volume":"10 1","pages":"298-322"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1075/ETC.10.2.06DAV","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59425555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Grounding, semantic functions, and absolute quantifiers","authors":"R. Langacker","doi":"10.1075/ETC.10.2.03LAN","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/ETC.10.2.03LAN","url":null,"abstract":"Absolute quantifiers (e.g. many, few, three) have adjectival uses, but when initial they function as grounding elements: like demonstratives, articles, and relative quantifiers (e.g. all, most, every), they indicate the epistemic status of the nominal referent. This ambivalence is due to their being intermediate, having semantic affinities with both categories but being marginal with respect to each. The dual role of absolute quantifiers is readily described in Cognitive Grammar, given its dynamic view of meaning as consisting in semantic functions (interactive tasks to be fulfilled). These functions belong to the symbolic assemblies constituting language structure; they are fundamental, the role of lexicon and grammar being to effect their implementation. More schematic functions –such as grounding –are independent of any particular implementation. In the absence of a dedicated grounding element, absolute quantifiers assume that function through a conventional pattern of implicit functional augmentation (a common type of construction).","PeriodicalId":42970,"journal":{"name":"English Text Construction","volume":"10 1","pages":"233-248"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1075/ETC.10.2.03LAN","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59425421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamicity in the construal of complex events in Irish English and Modern Irish","authors":"B. Nolan","doi":"10.1075/ETC.9.1.09NOL","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/ETC.9.1.09NOL","url":null,"abstract":"In this study we take an ‘above the clause’ perspective on the conceptualisation of complex events of Irish English and Modern Irish within a functional Role and Reference Grammar perspective, using corpus based data. Functional models of language generally assume some layered structure of the clause, the noun phrase and the word. (Nolan 2012a, 2012b; Van Valin 2005). While excellent work has heretofore been achieved at clause level, the description of important linguistic phenomena above the clause has often been somewhat neglected. In this regard, a central part of the grammar of every human language is the encoding of events and their participants in a clause. This motivates an ‘above the clause’ perspective to characterise the balance between uniformity of encoding and variability in encoding within and across languages. In the functional-cognitive paradigm, form and meaning are not separated into self-contained components. Instead, syntactic structures of varying degrees of complexity and abstraction are paired with their corresponding semantic structures. We argue that the interaction of semantic relations with the hierarchy of clausal linkage is at the strongest pole with the semantic relations covering phase and modifying subevents. We also argue that light verb constructions are formed pre-syntactically in the lexicon using and defend this by applying certain criteria as a diagnostic. The function of light verbs in these constructions is to modulate the realisation of event and sub-event semantics into syntax. We provide evidence of the dynamicity in conceptualising a complex event, considered as complex predication across constructions, in Irish English and Modern Irish.","PeriodicalId":42970,"journal":{"name":"English Text Construction","volume":"9 1","pages":"165-189"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2016-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1075/ETC.9.1.09NOL","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59431402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Theme in English and Spanish","authors":"E. Moyano","doi":"10.1075/ETC.9.1.10MOY","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/ETC.9.1.10MOY","url":null,"abstract":"This article offers a comparative view of a Systemic Functional (SF) account of Theme in English and Spanish declarative clauses. It considers the lexicogrammatical realization of Theme in both languages and shows how Themes across the clauses construe the method of development of a phase of discourse in the respective languages, unmarked Themes scaffolding textual continuity and marked Themes scaffolding transitions between discourse phases. The paper reviews the concept of Theme in Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) and analyzes texts in both languages, taking into account a trinocular perspective (Matthiessen & Halliday 2009): from above, considering textual discourse functions related to the lexicogrammatical function of Theme; from roundabout, considering other textual functions in the clause as New; and from below, paying attention to the role that different ranks may play in the realization of the function under focus. In addition, the paper argues for a re-interpretation of previous SFL accounts of Spanish Theme, on the assumptions of SFL language typology. Based on the analysis of fragments of Research Articles, the paper shows how English and Spanish texts perform similar strategies to maintain the method of development of a text, through the interaction between lexical strings and reference chains with the function of Theme (Fries 1981; Martin 1992). It is shown, however, that the lexicogrammatical realization of unmarked Theme differs between these languages.","PeriodicalId":42970,"journal":{"name":"English Text Construction","volume":"9 1","pages":"190-220"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2016-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1075/ETC.9.1.10MOY","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59432067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temporality in speech – Linear Unit Grammar","authors":"Anna Mauranen","doi":"10.1075/ETC.9.1.05MAU","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/ETC.9.1.05MAU","url":null,"abstract":"Language is usually modelled through a predominantly synoptic perspective; even if the object of analysis is spoken language, we tend to look at extracts where the analysis of parts makes use of the whole. Holistic analyses can be very good for capturing realities of language in many respects, but in the case of modelling temporal aspects of processing they fall into the trap of unrealistic hindsight. The experience of speech is time-bound: a hearer will go on what he or she has heard at any given point, and will anticipate what may follow. The predictions will be either confirmed or rejected in rapid succession, as speech moves on. The time window for working memory is very brief, and processing focuses on continuously changing input. Models of this process must take into account this dynamism, and they need to take on board the fact that language must be continually processed even while utterances are still incomplete. Most models of language structure are based on completed units; this tends to lead to a hierarchical view of language, embodied in most grammars. The reality of temporally progressing speech is nevertheless fundamentally linear along the dimension of time.","PeriodicalId":42970,"journal":{"name":"English Text Construction","volume":"42 1","pages":"77-98"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2016-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1075/ETC.9.1.05MAU","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59431651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamicity and dialogue : Perspectives from Functional Discourse Grammar","authors":"J. Mackenzie","doi":"10.1075/ETC.9.1.04MAC","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/ETC.9.1.04MAC","url":null,"abstract":"The article surveys how Functional Discourse Grammar (FDG; Hengeveld & Mackenzie 2008) has responded to Simon Dik’s call for a functional grammar to have ‘psychological adequacy’ and draws parallels to similar initiatives from other approaches. After a brief history of what has later come to be known as cognitive adequacy, the impact of psycholinguistic notions on the architecture of FDG is discussed and exemplified with emphasis on how FDG confronts the tension between the static nature of a pattern model of grammar and the dynamicity of the communicative process. The article then turns to four ways in which FDG has responded in recent years to ongoing work in psycholinguistics. The first concerns how the incrementality of language production, i.e. the gradual earlier-to-later build-up of utterances, has inspired FDG’s coverage of fragmentary discourse acts and its Depth-First Principle. The second, pertaining to the role of prediction in language comprehension, is reflected in the countdown to a clause-final position PF. The third is priming, involving the reuse of elements of structure at all levels of analysis: this interferes with the mapping of function onto form in ways that have been explored in FDG. The fourth is dialogical alignment, the manner in which participants in dialogue mutually accommodate their language use; this has led to new understandings of the respective roles of FDG’s Conceptual and Contextual Components. Taken together, these developments have moved FDG towards modelling dialoguing interactants rather than an isolated speaker.","PeriodicalId":42970,"journal":{"name":"English Text Construction","volume":"9 1","pages":"56-76"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2016-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1075/ETC.9.1.04MAC","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59431607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The dynamicity of communication below, around and above the clause: Introduction","authors":"B. Clarke, J. A. Hita","doi":"10.1075/ETC.9.1.01CLA","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/ETC.9.1.01CLA","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42970,"journal":{"name":"English Text Construction","volume":"9 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2016-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1075/ETC.9.1.01CLA","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59431448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Textual dynamism as a heuristic for a delicate semantic description of ellipsis patterns","authors":"B. Clarke","doi":"10.1075/ETC.9.1.06CLA","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/ETC.9.1.06CLA","url":null,"abstract":"This paper puts the case that viewing text dynamically can be valuable in the practice of semantic description. Using, as its case study, the statistically significant occurrence of Subject ellipsis across consecutive clauses in a corpus of newspaper football reports, the paper demonstrates a systematic difference between the lexicogrammatical characteristics of clauses containing such patterned use of ellipsis and the clauses of their surrounding co-text. The lexicogrammatical features in question, which are analysed in detail in the paper, are: clause length in words, number of clause elements, amount of syntactic embedding, and patterns in Hallidayan transitivity process-types. Given the nature of these lexicogrammatical features, the argument is made that Subject ellipsis across consecutive clauses can iconically express an increase in pace – something only observable when the text is viewed dynamically.","PeriodicalId":42970,"journal":{"name":"English Text Construction","volume":"9 1","pages":"99-114"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2016-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1075/ETC.9.1.06CLA","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59431662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}