Iran and the Caucasus最新文献

{"title":"Iranian Lexical Material in the Caucasus","authors":"Jost Gippert","doi":"10.1163/1573384x-02704012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/1573384x-02704012","url":null,"abstract":"The present article examines the peculiar shape that the Middle Iranian word for ‘praise’, <jats:italic>āfrīn</jats:italic>, has achieved as a loanword in the language of the Caucasian “Albanians” where it appears as <jats:italic>afre</jats:italic>- in the complex verb <jats:italic>afre-pesown</jats:italic> ‘praise, bless’. Based on a thorough investigation of the morphology of formations with the light verb -<jats:italic>pesown</jats:italic> in Caucasian Albanian, it is proven that a recent proposal, which assumes the influence of an agreement marker, is untenable; instead, it is shown how <jats:italic>afre</jats:italic>- can have emerged from a metanalysis of <jats:italic>afrin</jats:italic> as a case form.","PeriodicalId":42790,"journal":{"name":"Iran and the Caucasus","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138517199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sefer Yeṣirah’s Dating, Geographic Provenance and the Open Question of Its Composer’s Religious Affiliation and Identity","authors":"Samuel Zinner","doi":"10.1163/1573384x-02704008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/1573384x-02704008","url":null,"abstract":"In 2018, Weiss has ended centuries of speculation about the enigmatic Hebrew <jats:italic>Sefer Yeṣirah</jats:italic>’s dating and geographical provenance, demonstrating with a high level of confidence (specifically on the basis of <jats:italic>Sefer Yeṣirah</jats:italic>’s Syriac grammarian loanwords) a seventh-century <jats:sc>C.E.</jats:sc> Syrian origin. Weiss and others have also shown that <jats:italic>Sefer Yeṣirah</jats:italic>’s closest parallels are in Syriac Christian grammarian and theological sources. Given that abundant evidence points to a Rabbinic form of Judaism present in ancient Syria, the theory of a Jewish composer is odd because of the text’s non-Rabbinic character. Similarly, the theory of a Syriac Christian or “Jewish-Christian” author is odd in view of the text’s composition in Hebrew instead of Syriac. It remains for future research to solve this final enigma of the religious identity of <jats:italic>Sefer Yeṣirah</jats:italic>’s composer.","PeriodicalId":42790,"journal":{"name":"Iran and the Caucasus","volume":"65 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138496531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Three Ritual Steps between India and Iran","authors":"Antonio Panaino","doi":"10.1163/1573384x-02704004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/1573384x-02704004","url":null,"abstract":"The use of triadic patterns is a well-known modality occurring in some Indo-Iranian mythological contexts. This fact has been considered as a phenomenon too generic, and its presence just noted as an unimportant evidence. But, in reality, this procedure, despite its potentially perplexing background, produces some symbolic implications, whose frequent occurrence should be better observed. For instance, within the Vedic and Brāhmaṇic framework, Viṣṇu makes three steps in order to enlarge the universal space, and for this reason this god is also called <jats:italic>Trivikrama</jats:italic>-, “Having Three Steps”. The present sequence, with its space-time implications, finds a correspondence in the disposition of the Vedic altar of Fire, which needs three footsteps of ground. Even more fitting and pertinent are the inevitable speculations emerging from the ritual meaning of the pebbles or stones called <jats:italic>svayamātr̻ṇṇā</jats:italic>, “naturally perforated”, placed by the Adhvaryu in the first, third and fifth layer of the brick-altar of the <jats:italic>Agnicayana</jats:italic>. They have a patent cosmological identity (see, e.g., <jats:italic><jats:sc>ŚB</jats:sc></jats:italic> 8.7.3.9–10). Within the Iranian context, references to the number three are equally relevant and not just meaningless. Three are the main steps of the soul of the dead after their meeting with the <jats:italic>daēnā</jats:italic>-, explicitly corresponding to three different cosmic levels, while the <jats:italic>vara</jats:italic>- of Yima, and the <jats:italic>baršnūmgāh</jats:italic>, a place of ritual purification, are divided in three parts, and in any case everything connected with them follows a triadic basis with multiples or submultiples of “three”, or again with fractions with an expressed denominator “three”. The act of piling up the perforated stones on the three layers of the Vedic fire altar presents deep cosmological implications, strictly connected also with the holes through which an imaginary column arises. The act of piling up (<jats:italic>cinute</jats:italic>) resounds the action to be performed by the soul in the Mazdean choreography of the afterlife, when the bridge (<jats:italic>pərətu</jats:italic>-) allowing the crossing of the intermediate space (that links earth and heaven) is piled up (by one who is <jats:italic>cinuuaṇt</jats:italic>-, presumably the soul itself). But piling the bricks and tending the fire are ritual performative actions expressed with the same verb and with actions, which inevitably resonate, as in the image of the third prince appearing within the afterlife choreography presented as a vision to the Sasanian Great Priest Kerdir. These occurrences, already focused on in past studies, evoke direct correspondences in ritual procedures emphasizing a definitive transition into another status, so that any triplication or any trifold implement has a special force and completeness.","PeriodicalId":42790,"journal":{"name":"Iran and the Caucasus","volume":"66 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138496529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial Preface","authors":"G. Asatrian","doi":"10.1163/1573384x-02704019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/1573384x-02704019","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42790,"journal":{"name":"Iran and the Caucasus","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139215006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"James Robert Russell 70","authors":"Alan Williams","doi":"10.1163/1573384x-02704001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/1573384x-02704001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42790,"journal":{"name":"Iran and the Caucasus","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139212847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Some Remarks on the Urartian Toponym Dara(ni) and Its Possible Identification with the Site of Solak-1/Varsak in Kotayk Region, Armenia","authors":"R. Dan, Artur Petrosyan","doi":"10.1163/1573384x-02703001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/1573384x-02703001","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The aim of this paper is to reconsider some aspects of archaeology and historical geography related to the Urartian presence in the territory of modern-day Armenia in the light of the recent discovery of the important Iron Age site of Solak-1/Varsak. In particular, the possibility is put forward in this text that the ancient city of Dara(ni), mentioned in the Elar inscription made by Argišti I (CTU A 8–8), was not the small fortress of Elar, as was proposed before, but the great Iron Age site of Solak-1/Varsak.","PeriodicalId":42790,"journal":{"name":"Iran and the Caucasus","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79646818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lankarān","authors":"G. Asatrian","doi":"10.1163/1573384x-02703007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/1573384x-02703007","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This is an attempt to interpret the origin of the well-known South Caspian Iranian toponym, Lankarān (Lankōn in Talishi), the name of the capital of Talish (Tōlǝš), or Talishistan (Tōlǝšistōn), the ethnic homeland of the Talishis, covering today the southernmost part of Azerbaijan Republic, bordering Iran. In Azerbaijani Turkish, the historical habitat of this Iranian people is officially named Cǝnub bölgǝsi, i.e., “Southern region/zone”.","PeriodicalId":42790,"journal":{"name":"Iran and the Caucasus","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80607710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eros and the Pearl. The Yezidi Cosmogonic Myth at the Crossroads of Mystical Traditions , by Artur Rodziewicz","authors":"Peter Nicolaus","doi":"10.1163/1573384x-02703006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/1573384x-02703006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42790,"journal":{"name":"Iran and the Caucasus","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73334430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Martyrdom of the Sukiaseans (Mytho-Ritual Aspect)","authors":"T. Salbiev","doi":"10.1163/1573384x-02703003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/1573384x-02703003","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 It is a common belief that conflict, underlying the events described in the Martyrdom of Sukiaseans was based on apostasy. Yet, it is very likely that the fatal controversy between the Alan king and the Alan hermits, who converted to Christianity, his subjects, was caused by more complex set of factors without which it is impossible to adequately understand neither the essence of the conflict, nor the motives of its participants, nor the consequences to which it led. It seems that an integrated approach should pay a decisive role to developing an adequate methodology, according to which Martyrdom cannot be separated from Satenik’s wedding ceremony. It is only within the mytho-ritual framework of this wedding that five key motives, underlying the general plot of Martyrdom, can be singled out and explained.","PeriodicalId":42790,"journal":{"name":"Iran and the Caucasus","volume":"303 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77901929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reconsidering the Turkish–Islamic Synthesis","authors":"Nail Elhan, Başar Şirin","doi":"10.1163/1573384x-02703005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/1573384x-02703005","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Turkish–Islamic Synthesis has been an influential doctrine since the 1970s in Turkey. It emerged as a national/cultural reaction against the rising influence of the leftist and radical Islamist movements and has been discussed within these contexts. This study will expand the scope of the concept and offer Iran/Shi‘ism as a threat to Turkey’s national/religious integrity within the context of Turkish–Islamic Synthesis. The historical/ideological rivalry between the Sunni/Shi‘a and Turks/Iranians reached its peak after the Iranian Revolution in 1979. This study, which examines the issue with regards to the otherness and friend/enemy distinction perspectives, aims to include Iran and Shi‘ism in the discourse on Turkish–Islamic Synthesis and will use primary sources on the subject.","PeriodicalId":42790,"journal":{"name":"Iran and the Caucasus","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86681446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}